（凡八类）
（论一首）
论曰∶肺主魄，魄脏者任物之精也。为上将军使在上行，所以肺为五脏之华盖，并精出
入谓之魄，魄者肺之藏也。鼻者肺之官，肺气通于鼻，鼻和则能知香臭矣。循环紫宫上出于
颊，候于鼻下，回肺中荣华于发。外主气，内主胸，与乳相当。左乳庚，右乳辛。肺重三斤
三两，六叶两耳。凡八叶，有十四童子七女子守之，神名鸟鸿。主藏魄，号为魄脏，随节应
会。故云∶肺藏气，气舍魄。在气为咳，在液为涕。肺气虚则鼻息利少，气实则喘喝胸凭仰
息。肺气虚而梦见白物，见人斩血藉藉得其时则梦见兵战。肺气盛则梦恐惧哭泣。厥气客于
肺，则梦飞扬见金铁之器及奇物。
凡肺脏象金，与大肠合为腑，其经手太阴与阳明为表里。其脉浮，相于季夏，旺于秋，
秋时万物之所终，宿叶落柯，萋萋枝条。其KT 然独在，其脉为微浮，卫气迟，营气数，
数则在上，迟则在下，故名曰毛。阳当陷而不陷，阴当升而不升，为邪所中。（二气感激，
故为风寒所中。）阳中邪则卷，阴中邪则紧。卷则恶寒，紧则为 。寒 相搏，故名曰疟。
弱则发热浮乃来出旦中旦发，暮中暮发。脏有远近，脉有迟疾，周有度数，行有漏刻。迟在
上伤毛采，数在下伤下焦。中焦有恶则见，有善则匿。阳气下陷，阴气则温，阳反在下，阴
反在巅，故名
秋脉如浮，秋脉肺也，西方金也，万物之所以收成也。故其气来轻虚而浮，来急去散，
故曰浮。反此者病，何如而反？其气来毛而中央坚，两旁虚，此谓太过病在外。其气来毛而
微，此谓不及，病在中。太过则令人气逆而背痛，愠愠然。不及则令人喘呼吸，少气而咳，
上气见血，下闻病音。
肺脉来，厌厌聂聂如落榆荚，曰肺平。秋以胃气为本，肺脉来，不上不下如循鸡羽，曰
肺病。（《巢源》无不字。）
肺脉来，如物之浮，如风吹毛，曰肺死。
真肺脉至大而虚，如以毛羽中人，肤色白赤不泽，毛折乃死。秋胃微毛曰平，毛多胃少
曰肺病，但毛无胃曰死。毛而有弦曰春病，弦甚曰今病。
肺藏气，气舍魄。喜乐无极则伤魄，魄伤则狂，狂者意不存。人皮革焦毛悴色夭，死于
夏。
手太阴气绝，则皮毛焦。太阴者，行气温皮毛者也。气弗营则皮毛焦；皮毛焦则津液去
；
也。
肺死脏浮之虚，按之弱如葱叶下无根者死。秋金肺旺，其脉微涩而短曰平。反得大而缓
者，是脾之乘肺。母之归子为虚邪，虽病易治。反得沉濡而滑者，是肾之乘肺，子之乘母为
实邪，虽病自愈。反得浮大而洪者，是心之乘肺，火之克金为贼邪，大逆，十死不治。反得
弦细而长者，是肝之乘肺。木之凌金为微邪，虽病即瘥，肝乘肺必作虚。
右手关前寸口阴绝者，无肺脉也。苦短气咳逆，喉中塞噫逆，刺手阳明，治阳。
右手关前寸口阴实者，肺实也。苦少气胸中满膨膨与肩相引，刺手太阴，治阴。
肺脉来，泛泛轻如微风吹鸟背上毛，再至曰平，三至曰离经病，四至脱精，五至死，六
至命尽，手太阴脉也。
肺脉，急甚为癫疾，微急为肺寒。热怠惰咳唾血，引腰背胸。若鼻息肉不通，缓甚为多
汗，微缓为痿漏风（一作偏风），头以下汗出不可止。大甚为胫肿，微大为肺痹，引胸背起
腰内，小甚为飧泄，微小为消瘅。滑甚为息贲上气，微滑为上下出血。涩甚为呕血，微涩为
鼠，在颈肢腋之间。下不胜其上，其能喜酸。
肺脉，搏坚而长当病唾血，其濡而散者当病漏（一作灌），汗至今不复散发。
白脉之至也，喘而浮，上虚下实，惊有积气在胸中。喘而虚名曰肺痹寒热，得之醉而使
内也。
黄帝问曰∶经脉十二，而手太阴之脉，独动不休何也（手太阴本在寸口中。）
岐伯对曰∶足阳明，胃脉也，胃者五脏六腑之海（胃脉在足趺上大趾间上行三寸，骨解
中是也，）其精气上清注于肺，肺气从太阴而行之，其行之也，以息往来，故人一呼脉再动，
一吸脉亦再动，呼吸不已，脉动不止。
黄帝问曰∶气口何以独为五脏主？岐伯对曰∶胃者水谷之海，六腑胃居其大，五味入于
口藏于胃，以养五脏气。气口者太阴是也。脏腑之气味，皆出于胃，变见于气口。气口属腑
脏主，即呼寸口者也。
扁鹊曰∶肺有病则鼻口张，实热则喘逆胸凭仰息，其阳气壮则梦恐惧等。虚寒则咳息下
利少气，其阴气壮则梦涉水等。肺在声为哭，在变动为咳，在志为忧。忧伤肺，精气并于肺
则悲也。
味主秋结满而血者病在胸，及以饮食不节得病者取之合，故命曰味主合。
病先发于肺喘咳，三日之肝胁痛支满；一日之脾闭塞不通身痛体重；五日之胃腹胀，十
日不已死。冬日入，夏日出。
病在肺，下晡慧，日中甚，夜半静。
假令肺病南行，若食马肉及獐肉得之。不者当以夏时发，得病以丙丁日也，宜赤药。
凡肺病之状，必喘咳逆气，肩息背痛，汗出，尻阴股膝挛，髀 足皆痛。虚则少气不
能报息，耳聋咽干，取其经手太阴足太阳之外厥阴内少阴血者。
肺脉，沉之而数，浮之而喘。苦淅淅寒热，腹满肠中热，小便赤，肩背痛，从腰以上汗
出，得之房内汗出当风。
肺病其色白，身体但寒无热，时时咳，其脉微迟为可治，宜服五味子大补肺汤、泻肺散
。春当刺少商，夏刺鱼际，皆泻之。季夏刺太渊，秋刺经渠，冬刺尺泽，皆补之。又当灸膻
中百壮，背第三椎二十五壮。
邪在肺，则皮肤痛发寒热上气，气喘汗出，咳动肩背，取之膺中外俞背第三椎之旁，以
手重按之快，然乃刺之，取之缺盆中以越之。
形寒寒饮则伤肺，以其两寒相感，中外皆伤，故气逆而上行。肺气伤，其人劳倦则咳唾
血，其脉细紧浮数皆吐血，此为躁扰嗔怒得之，肺伤气壅所致也。
肺中风者，口燥而喘，身运而重，冒而肿胀。
肺中寒者，其人吐浊涕。
肺水者，其人身体肿而小便难，时时大便如鸭溏。
肺胀者，虚而满喘咳，目如脱状，其脉浮大。
趺阳脉浮缓，少阳脉微紧。微为血虚，紧为微寒，此为鼠乳。
诊得肺积脉浮，而手按之辟易，胁下时时痛逆背相引痛，少气善忘，目瞑结痈皮肤寒，
秋愈夏剧。主皮中时痛，如虱缘之状，甚者如针刺之状，时痒，色白也。
肺之积名曰息贲，在右胁下，覆大如杯，久久不愈。病洒洒寒热气逆喘咳，发肺痈，以
春甲乙日得之，何也？心病传肺，肺当传肝，肝适以春旺，旺者不受邪。肺复欲还心，心不
肯受，因留结为积，故知息贲以春得之。
肺病，身当有热咳嗽短气，唾出脓血，其脉当短涩。今反浮大，其色当白而反赤者，此
是火之克金，为大逆，十死不治。
商音，人者，主肺声也。肺声哭，其音磬，其志乐，其经手太阴。厥逆阳明，则营卫不
通，阴阳反祚。阳气内击，阴气外伤，伤则寒，寒则虚，虚则厉风。所中，嘘吸战掉，语声
嘶塞而散。下气息短惫四肢僻弱，面色青葩遗矢便利甚则不可治。根据源麻黄续命汤主之（方
在第八卷贼风篇中）。
又言音喘急短气好唾，此为火克金。阳击阴，阴气沉，阳气升。升则实，实则热，热则
狂，狂则闭眼悸言，非常所说。口赤而张饮无时度，此热伤肺，肺化为血，不治。若面赤而
鼻不欹，可治也。
肺病为疟者，令人心寒，寒甚则热，热间善惊如有所见者，恒山汤主之（方见第十卷温
疟篇中）。若其人本来语声雄烈，忽尔不亮，拖气用力方得出言，而反于常人，呼与语直视
不应虽曰未病，势当不久，此则肺病声之候也。察观疾病，表里相应，根据源审治，乃不失也。
白为肺，肺合皮，白如豕膏者吉。肺主鼻，鼻是肺之余。其人金形相比于上商，白色小
头方面，小肩背小腹小手足，发动身轻。精瘦急，心静悍，性喜为吏治。耐秋冬不耐春夏，
春夏感而生病，主壬太阴廉廉然。肩膺浓薄正竦则肺应之正，白色小理者则肺小，小则少饮，
不病喘喝。粗理者则肺大，大则虚，虚则寒喘鸣，多饮善病，胸喉痹逆气巨。肩反膺陷喉者
则肺高，高则实，实则热上气肩急咳逆。合腋张胁者则肺下，下则逼贲迫肝，善胁下痛鼻塞
或壅而涕生息肉。好肩背浓者则肺坚，坚则不病咳上气。肩背薄者则肺脆，脆则易伤于热，
喘息鼻衄。肩膺好者则肺端正，端正则和利难伤。膺偏欹者则肺偏倾，偏倾则病胸偏痛，鼻
亦偏疾。凡人分部陷起者必有病生，大肠阳明为肺之部，而脏气通于内，外部亦随而应之。
沉浊为内，浮清为外。若外病内入则所部起内病，里出则所部陷。外入前治阳，后治阴，内
出前治阴，后治阳。实泻虚补，阳主外，阴主内。凡人死生休否，则脏神前变形于外，人肺
前，病鼻则为之孔开焦枯。若肺前死，鼻则为之梁折孔闭青黑色。若天中等分墓色应之必死
不治。看色深浅，斟酌赊促，远不出一年，促不延时月。肺疾少愈而卒死，何以知之？曰∶
赤黑如拇指靥点见颜颊上，此必卒死。肺绝三日死，何以知之？曰∶口张但气出而不还，面
白目青，是谓乱经。饮酒当风，风入肺经，胆气妄泄，目则为青，虽有天救，不可复生，面
黄目白如枯骨死。吉凶之色，在于分部顺，顺面见赤白入鼻，必病不出其年。若年上不应，
三年之中，祸必应也。
秋金肺，脉色白，主手太阴脉也。秋取经输，秋者金始治，肺将收杀，金将胜火阳气在
合。阴气初胜，湿气及体，阴气未盛，未能深入，故取输以泻阴邪，取合以虚阳邪，阳气始
衰，故取于合，其脉本在寸口之中，掌后两筋间二寸中，应在腋下动脉。其脉根于太仓，太
仓在脐上三寸一夫是也。
其筋起于手大指之上，循指上行结于鱼后，行寸口外侧，上循臂，结肘中上 内廉，
入腋下，上出缺盆，结肩 前，上结缺盆，下结胸里，散贯贲下抵季胁。
其脉起于中焦，下络大肠，还循胃口，上膈属肺，从肺系横出腋下，下循 内，行少阴
心主之前，下肘中后循臂内上骨下廉，入寸口，上鱼，循鱼际，出大指之端。其支者，从腕
后直次指内廉出其端。合手阳明为表里，阳明之本在肘骨中，同会于手太阴。
太阴之别名列缺，起于腋下分间，并太阴之经直入掌中，散入于鱼际，别走手阳明，主
肺生病。病实则大肠热，热则手兑掌起，起则阳病，阳脉反逆大于寸口脉三倍，病则咳，上
气喘喝，烦心，胸满， 臂内前廉痛，掌中热，气盛有余，则肩背痛风汗出。中风虚则大肠
寒，寒则欠咳，小便遗数，数则阴病，阴脉反小于寸口一倍，病则肩背寒痛，少气不足以息，
季
秋三月者，主肺大肠白气狸病也，其源从太阳击手太阴，太阴受淫邪之气，则经络壅滞
，毛皮紧竖，发泄邪生，则脏伤腑温，随秋受疠。其病相反，若腑虚，则为阴邪所伤，乍寒
乍热，损肺伤气，暴嗽呕逆。若脏实则为阳毒所损，体热生斑，气喘引饮，故曰白气狸病也。
扁鹊云∶灸心肺二俞，主治丹毒白狸病。当根据源为疗，调其阳，理其阴，则脏腑之病不
生矣。
（共八类）
（一篇论述）
论述说：肺主宰魄，魄脏是承受外物感应的精华。它像上将军一样在人体上部运行，所以肺被称为五脏的华盖（覆盖保护五脏）。精气出入变化称为魄，魄就是肺所藏的魂魄。鼻是肺的外窍，肺气通于鼻，鼻功能调和就能辨别香臭。经脉循环经过紫宫穴向上出于面颊，观察鼻下部位，回返至肺中荣华于毛发。肺外在主管气机，内在主管胸廓，位置与乳房相当。左侧对应庚金，右侧对应辛金。肺重三斤三两，有六叶两片耳状结构。总共八叶，有七名童子和七名女子守护它，神名为鸟鸿。肺主要藏纳魄，号称魄脏，随着节气变化而应和。所以说：肺藏气，气依附于魄。在病理表现上，气病则咳嗽，液病则流涕。肺气虚则呼吸微弱气息少，气实则喘息有声、胸部满闷需仰面呼吸。肺气虚则会梦见白色物体，看见人斩血淋漓，若逢其时则梦见兵战。肺气盛则会梦见恐惧哭泣。厥逆之气客居肺中，则会梦见飞翔飘举，看见金银铁器及奇异之物。
凡肺脏象应于金，与大肠相合为腑，其经脉手太阴经与手阳明经互为表里。其脉象浮，相次于季夏时节，旺盛于秋季。秋时是万物终结之时，枯叶落枝，枝条凋零。其脉象微浮，卫气运行迟缓，营气运行快速，快则在上部显现，慢则在下部显现，所以命名为毛脉。阳气应当下降而不降，阴气应当上升而不升，被邪气所中。（二气激荡，所以被风寒所伤。）阳经受邪则脉卷缩，阴经受邪则脉紧。卷缩则恶寒，紧则为疟疾。寒热相互搏结，所以命名为疟疾。虚弱则发热，浮脉乃来出，早晨发作早晨发，傍晚发作傍晚发。脏腑有远近之分，脉象有迟疾之别，周天运行有度数，时间有漏刻之限。迟脉在上部会损伤皮毛色泽，数脉在下部会损伤下焦。中焦若有恶候则显现，若有善候则隐匿。阳气下陷，阴气则温，阳气反而在下，阴气反而在巅顶，所以……
秋脉如浮，秋脉属于肺，西方属金，是万物收成之时。所以其气轻虚而浮，来势急而去势散，所以叫浮脉。与此相反的就是病脉，怎样算是反常呢？其气来如毛但中央坚实，两旁虚弱，这叫做太过，病在外。其气来如毛但微弱，这叫做不及，病在内。太过则使人气逆而背痛，心中郁结不舒。不及则使人喘息呼吸，气短而咳，气逆见血，下部听到病变的声音。
肺脉来，厌厌聂聂像落下榆荚的样子，这是肺平脉。以胃气为本，肺脉来，不上不下像抚摸鸡羽的感觉，这是肺病。（《诸病源候论》中没有“无”字。）
肺脉来，像物体漂浮，像风吹羽毛，这是肺死脉。
真肺脉至大而虚，像毛羽中人，肤色白赤无光泽，毛发折断就会死亡。秋脉微带毛象且兼有胃气为平脉，毛象多而胃气少为肺病，只有毛象而无胃气为死脉。毛象中带有弦象为春令有病，弦象严重为当下即病。
肺藏气，气舍魄。喜乐过度则伤魄，魄伤则发狂，狂者意念混乱。人的皮肤干枯，毛发憔悴色夭，死于夏季。
手太阴经气绝，则皮毛焦枯。太阴经是运行气温养皮毛的经脉。气不能营养皮毛则皮毛焦枯；皮毛焦枯则津液流失。
肺死脏脉浮取虚，沉取弱如葱叶，下无根者死。秋季金旺肺亦旺，其脉微涩而短为平脉。反而得到大而缓的脉，是脾土乘克肺金。母归子为虚邪，虽然生病容易治愈。反而得到沉濡而滑的脉，是肾水乘克肺金，子乘母为实邪，虽然生病也能自愈。反而得到浮大而洪的脉，是心火乘克肺金，火克金为贼邪，大逆，十死不治。反而得到弦细而长的脉，是肝木乘克肺金。木凌金为微邪，虽然生病很快痊愈，肝乘肺必然导致虚证。
右手关前寸口阴绝者，没有肺脉。痛苦于短气、咳逆、喉中堵塞噫气，刺手阳明经，治疗阳分。
右手关前寸口阴实者，肺实证。痛苦于少气、胸中满胀膨隆并与肩部牵引疼痛，刺手太阴经，治疗阴分。
肺脉来，泛泛轻轻像微风吹鸟背上的毛，一息两至为平脉，三至为离经病，四至为脱精，五至为死脉，六至为命尽，这是手太阴脉。
肺脉，紧急甚者为癫疾，微急为肺寒。热则怠惰、咳唾血，牵引腰背胸。若鼻息肉不通，缓甚为多汗，微缓为痿漏风（一作偏风），头以下汗出不止。大甚为小腿肿胀，微大为肺痹，牵引胸背起于腰部内侧，小甚为完谷不化的泄泻，微小为消瘅。滑甚为息贲上气，微滑为上下出血。涩甚为呕血，微涩为鼠瘰，位于颈肢腋之间。下肢不胜其上，喜好酸味。
肺脉，搏动坚而长应当病唾血，其脉濡而散者应当病漏汗，汗出至今不能恢复散发。
白脉的到来，喘而浮，上虚下实，惊恐且有积气在胸中。喘而虚名曰肺痹寒热，这是由于醉酒行房所致。
黄帝问道：经脉十二，为什么唯独手太阴脉跳动不停歇？（手太阴本在寸口处。）
岐伯回答说：足阳明是胃脉，胃是五脏六腑的海（胃脉在足背大趾间上行三寸，骨解中间是也），其精气上清注于肺，肺气从太阴经运行，它的运行依靠呼吸往来，所以人一呼脉动两次，一吸脉也动两次，呼吸不止，脉动不止。
黄帝问道：气口为什么能单独作为五脏的主宰？岐伯回答说：胃是水谷之海，六腑中胃最大，五味入口藏于胃，以滋养五脏气。气口就是太阴经。脏腑的气味，都源于胃，变化显现于气口。气口属于脏腑主脉，也就是所说的寸口。
扁鹊说：肺有病则鼻口张开，实热则喘逆胸凭仰息，阳气壮则梦恐惧等。虚寒则咳息下利少气，阴气壮则梦涉水等。肺在声音为哭，在变动为咳，在志为忧。忧伤肺，精气并于肺则悲。
味主秋结满而血者病在胸，以及因饮食不节得病者取合穴，所以命曰味主合。
病先发于肺喘咳，三日传至肝胁痛支满；一日传至脾闭塞不通身痛体重；五日传至胃腹胀，十日不已死。冬日入时死，夏日出时死。
病在肺，下午时分病情减轻，中午时分加重，半夜安静。
假如肺病向南行，如果吃马肉及獐肉得之。否则应当在夏季发作，得病在丙丁日，宜用赤色药。
凡肺病的症状，必定喘咳逆气，肩息背痛，汗出，尻阴股膝挛，髀胫足皆痛。虚则少气不能报息，耳聋咽干，取其经手太阴、足太阳之外、厥阴内、少阴血者。
肺脉，沉取而数，浮取而喘。苦于淅淅寒热，腹满肠中热，小便赤，肩背痛，从腰以上汗出，这是由于房内出汗当风所致。
肺病其色白，身体但寒无热，时时咳，其脉微迟为可治，宜服五味子大补肺汤、泻肺散。春季当刺少商，夏季刺鱼际，都用泻法。季夏刺太渊，秋季刺经渠，冬季刺尺泽，都用补法。又应当灸膻中穴百壮，背部第三椎旁二十五壮。
邪在肺，则皮肤痛发寒热上气，气喘汗出，咳动肩背，取之膺中外俞背第三椎之旁，以手重按之感到舒适，然后刺之，取之缺盆中以发散邪气。
形寒寒饮则伤肺，因为两寒相感，中外皆伤，所以气逆而上行。肺气伤，其人劳倦则咳唾血，其脉细紧浮数皆吐血，这是因为躁扰嗔怒得之，肺伤气壅所致。
肺中风者，口燥而喘，身运而重，冒而肿胀。
肺中寒者，其人吐浊涕。
肺水者，其人身体肿而小便难，时时大便如鸭溏。
肺胀者，虚而满喘咳，目如脱状，其脉浮大。
趺阳脉浮缓，少阳脉微紧。微为血虚，紧为微寒，此为鼠乳。
诊得肺积脉浮，而手按之辟易，胁下时时痛逆背相引痛，少气善忘，目瞑结痈皮肤寒，秋愈夏剧。主皮中时痛，如虱缘之状，甚者如针刺之状，时痒，色白也。
肺之积名曰息贲，在右胁下，覆大如杯，久久不愈。病洒洒寒热气逆喘咳，发肺痈，以春甲乙日得之，为什么呢？心病传肺，肺当传肝，肝适以春旺，旺者不受邪。肺复欲还心，心不肯受，因留结为积，故知息贲以春得之。
肺病，身当有热咳嗽短气，唾出脓血，其脉当短涩。今反浮大，其色当白而反赤者，这是火之克金，为大逆，十死不治。
商音，人者，主肺声也。肺声哭，其音磬，其志乐，其经手太阴。厥逆阳明，则营卫不通，阴阳反祚。阳气内击，阴气外伤，伤则寒，寒则虚，虚则厉风。所中，嘘吸战掉，语声嘶塞而散。下气息短惫四肢僻弱，面色青葩遗矢便利甚则不可治。根据源麻黄续命汤主之（方在第八卷贼风篇中）。
又言音喘急短气好唾，此为火克金。阳击阴，阴气沉，阳气升。升则实，实则热，热则狂，狂则闭眼悸言，非常所说。口赤而张饮无时度，此热伤肺，肺化为血，不治。若面赤而鼻不欹，可治也。
肺病为疟者，令人心寒，寒甚则热，热间善惊如有所见者，恒山汤主之（方见第十卷温疟篇中）。若其人本来语声雄烈，忽尔不亮，拖气用力方得出言，而反于常人，呼与语直视不应虽曰未病，势当不久，此则肺病声之候也。察观疾病，表里相应，根据源审治，乃不失也。
白为肺，肺合皮，白如豕膏者吉。肺主鼻，鼻是肺之余。其人金形相比于上商，白色小头方面，小肩背小腹小手足，发动身轻。精瘦急，心静悍，性喜为吏治。耐秋冬不耐春夏，春夏感而生病，主壬太阴廉廉然。肩膺浓薄正竦则肺应之正，白色小理者则肺小，小则少饮，不病喘喝。粗理者则肺大，大则虚，虚则寒喘鸣，多饮善病，胸喉痹逆气巨。肩反膺陷喉者则肺高，高则实，实则热上气肩急咳逆。合腋张胁者则肺下，下则逼贲迫肝，善胁下痛鼻塞或壅而涕生息肉。好肩背浓者则肺坚，坚则不病咳上气。肩背薄者则肺脆，脆则易伤于热，喘息鼻衄。肩膺好者则肺端正，端正则和利难伤。膺偏欹者则肺偏倾，偏倾则病胸偏痛，鼻亦偏疾。凡人分部陷起者必有病生，大肠阳明为肺之部，而脏气通于内，外部亦随而应之。沉浊为内，浮清为外。若外病内入则所部起内病，里出则所部陷。外入前治阳，后治阴，内出前治阴，后治阳。实泻虚补，阳主外，阴主内。凡人死生休否，则脏神前变形于外，人肺前，病鼻则为之孔开焦枯。若肺前死，鼻则为之梁折孔闭青黑色。若天中等分墓色应之必死不治。看色深浅，斟酌赊促，远不出一年，促不延时月。肺疾少愈而卒死，何以知之？曰：赤黑如拇指靥点见颜颊上，此必卒死。肺绝三日死，何以知之？曰：口张但气出而不还，面白目青，是谓乱经。饮酒当风，风入肺经，胆气妄泄，目则为青，虽有天救，不可复生，面黄目白如枯骨死。吉凶之色，在于分部顺，顺面见赤白入鼻，必病不出其年。若年上不应，三年之中，祸必应也。
秋金肺，脉色白，主手太阴脉也。秋取经输，秋者金始治，肺将收杀，金将胜火阳气在合。阴气初胜，湿气及体，阴气未盛，未能深入，故取输以泻阴邪，取合以虚阳邪，阳气始衰，故取于合，其脉本在寸口之中，掌后两筋间二寸中，应在腋下动脉。其脉根于太仓，太仓在脐上三寸一夫是也。
其筋起于手大指之上，循指上行结于鱼后，行寸口外侧，上循臂，结肘中上内廉，入腋下，上出缺盆，结肩前，上结缺盆，下结胸里，散贯贲下抵季胁。
其脉起于中焦，下络大肠，还循胃口，上膈属肺，从肺系横出腋下，下循内，行少阴心主之前，下肘中后循臂内上骨下廉，入寸口，上鱼，循鱼际，出大指之端。其支者，从腕后直次指内廉出其端。合手阳明为表里，阳明之本在肘骨中，同会于手太阴。
太阴之别名列缺，起于腋下分间，并太阴之经直入掌中，散入于鱼际，别走手阳明，主肺生病。病实则大肠热，热则手兑掌起，起则阳病，阳脉反逆大于寸口脉三倍，病则咳，上气喘喝，烦心，胸满，臂内前廉痛，掌中热，气盛有余，则肩背痛风汗出。中风虚则大肠寒，寒则欠咳，小便遗数，数则阴病，阴脉反小于寸口一倍，病则肩背寒痛，少气不足以息，季
秋三月者，主肺大肠白气狸病也，其源从太阳击手太阴，太阴受淫邪之气，则经络壅滞，毛皮紧竖，发泄邪生，则脏伤腑温，随秋受疠。其病相反，若腑虚，则为阴邪所伤，乍寒乍热，损肺伤气，暴嗽呕逆。若脏实则为阳毒所损，体热生斑，气喘引饮，故曰白气狸病也。
扁鹊云：灸心肺二俞，主治丹毒白狸病。当根据源为疗，调其阳，理其阴，则脏腑之病不生矣。
(There are eight categories in total)
(One treatise)
The treatise states: The Lung governs the Po (Hun and Po, the corporeal soul). The organ of Po is the essence that receives external stimuli. It acts like a high general operating in the upper body; therefore, the Lung is called the "Canopy" (covering and protecting the five zang organs) of the five zang organs. The movement of essence in and out is called Po; Po is what the Lung stores. The nose is the orifice of the Lung. Lung Qi connects to the nose; when the nose functions harmoniously, one can distinguish odors. The meridians circulate through the Zi Gong acupoint, emerge above the cheekbones, are observed below the nose, return to the Lung, and flourish in the hair. Externally, it governs Qi; internally, it governs the chest, corresponding in position to the breasts. The left corresponds to Geng Metal, and the right to Xin Metal. The Lung weighs three jin and three liang, with six lobes and two ear-like structures. In total, there are eight lobes, guarded by seven boys and seven girls, whose divine name is Niao Hong. The Lung primarily stores Po and is known as the Organ of Po, responding to seasonal changes. Thus it is said: The Lung stores Qi, and Qi houses Po. In pathology, Qi disorders manifest as cough, and fluid disorders manifest as nasal discharge. When Lung Qi is deficient, respiration is weak and breath is short; when excessive, there is wheezing with sound, chest fullness, and orthopnea. When Lung Qi is deficient, one dreams of white objects, sees people cutting flesh with blood dripping, and if the timing is right, dreams of battles. When Lung Qi is excessive, one dreams of fear and crying. When Jue Qi invades the Lung, one dreams of flying and floating, seeing gold, iron, and strange objects.
Generally, the Lung corresponds to Metal, combines with the Large Intestine to form a Fu organ, and its meridian, the Hand Taiyin, is exterior-interior related to the Hand Yangming. Its pulse is floating. It is associated with the late summer, and prospers in autumn. Autumn is the time when all things conclude; leaves fall from branches, and twigs wither. The pulse is slightly floating; Wei Qi moves slowly, while Ying Qi moves quickly. Fast movement manifests above, slow movement below, hence it is named the "Mao" (Hair) pulse. If Yang Qi should descend but does not, and Yin Qi should ascend but does not, they are attacked by pathogenic factors. (The agitation of the two qi leads to invasion by wind-cold.) When the Yang channel is invaded, the pulse curls; when the Yin channel is invaded, the pulse is tight. Curling indicates aversion to cold; tightness indicates malaria. The struggle between cold and heat is named malaria. Weakness indicates fever; the floating pulse emerges, occurring in the morning and evening. Zang organs have distances, pulses have speeds, the cycle has degrees, and time has clepsydra marks. A slow pulse above damages the luster of the skin and hair; a rapid pulse below damages the Lower Jiao. Evil signs in the Middle Jiao appear, while good signs hide. If Yang Qi sinks, Yin Qi becomes warm; if Yang reverses to the lower part and Yin to the vertex...
An autumn pulse resembling floating belongs to the Lung, the West, and Metal, representing the harvest of all things. Thus, the Qi comes lightly, voidly, and floats; it arrives urgently and scatters upon departure, hence called "Floating." The opposite of this is disease. How does it reverse? If the Qi comes like hair but is firm in the center and empty on the sides, this is termed "Excess," with disease outside. If the Qi comes like hair but is faint, this is termed "Deficiency," with disease inside. Excess causes Qi rebellion and back pain, with a feeling of oppression. Deficiency causes wheezing, shortness of breath, cough, upward rushing of Qi with blood, and pathological sounds heard below.
When the Lung pulse comes, gentle and rippling like falling elm seeds, it is the Normal Lung Pulse. It is based on Stomach Qi. When the Lung pulse comes, neither rising nor falling, like touching a chicken feather, it is Lung Disease. (The *Chubing Yuanhou Lun* lacks the character "no".)
When the Lung pulse comes, floating like an object or like wind blowing feathers, it is the Dying Lung Pulse.
The True Lung pulse is large and void, like feathers hitting a person; the skin color is white and red without luster; death occurs when hair breaks. An autumn pulse with slight Hair quality and Stomach Qi is normal; much Hair and little Stomach Qi indicates Lung Disease; only Hair without Stomach Qi indicates death. Hair with String quality indicates spring illness; severe String quality indicates current illness.
The Lung stores Qi, and Qi houses Po. Extreme joy injures Po; injury to Po leads to mania, where the mind is disordered. The skin dries up, hair becomes brittle and lifeless, and death occurs in summer.
When the Qi of the Hand Taiyin meridian perishes, the skin and hair become dry and brittle. The Taiyin meridian circulates Qi to nourish the skin and hair. Without Qi nourishment, the skin and hair dry up; when they dry up, body fluids are lost.
A dying Lung organ presents with a floating, void pulse; pressing reveals weakness like a green onion leaf, lacking roots at the bottom indicates death. In autumn, Metal is prosperous and the Lung is strong; a slightly choppy and short pulse is normal. Conversely, a large and slow pulse indicates Spleen overacting on Lung. Mother acting on Son is Empty Evil; although diseased, it is easy to treat. Conversely, a deep, soggy, and slippery pulse indicates Kidney overacting on Lung. Son acting on Mother is Solid Evil; although diseased, it will heal itself. Conversely, a floating, large, and surging pulse indicates Heart overacting on Lung. Fire overcoming Metal is Robber Evil; this is a great reversal, ten deaths, untreatable. Conversely, a stringy, thin, and long pulse indicates Liver overacting on Lung. Wood suppressing Metal is Minor Evil; although diseased, it will recover quickly, but Liver overacting on Lung must result in deficiency.
If the Yin at the Cun Kou point before the middle of the right wrist is absent, there is no Lung pulse. The patient suffers from shortness of breath, coughing, and reversing Qi, with blockage and belching in the throat. Puncture the Hand Yangming meridian to treat the Yang aspect.
If the Yin at the Cun Kou point before the middle of the right wrist is excess, it is Lung Excess. The patient suffers from shortness of breath, chest fullness and distension, and traction pain to the shoulder. Puncture the Hand Taiyin meridian to treat the Yin aspect.
When the Lung pulse comes, floating and light like a breeze blowing the feathers on a bird's back, two beats per respiration indicate normalcy; three beats indicate deviation from the classic pattern; four beats indicate depletion of essence; five beats indicate death; six beats indicate the end of life. This is the Hand Taiyin pulse.
A Lung pulse that is very tense indicates epilepsy; slightly tense indicates Lung Cold. Heat causes lethargy, coughing, and spitting blood, pulling pain to the waist, back, and chest. If nasal polyps cause obstruction, very relaxed indicates excessive sweating; slightly relaxed indicates Wei syndrome with leaking wind (or hemiplegia), with unstoppable sweating below the head. Very large indicates shin swelling; slightly large indicates Lung Bi, pulling pain from the chest and back to the inner waist. Very small indicates undigested diarrhea; slightly small indicates Xiao Dao (wasting-thirst). Very slippery indicates Xi Ben (accumulation of Qi) and upward rushing Qi; slightly slippery indicates bleeding from above and below. Very choppy indicates vomiting blood; slightly choppy indicates Shu Lu (scrofula) between the neck, limbs, and armpits. The lower body cannot support the upper; the patient prefers sour flavors.
When the Lung pulse beats firmly and long, it indicates spitting blood; when soft and scattered, it indicates leaking sweat, which does not stop even after treatment.
When the White pulse arrives, it is panting and floating, with emptiness above and solidity below, indicating fright and accumulated Qi in the chest. Panting and void is named Lung Bi with cold and heat, caused by intercourse while drunk.
Yellow Emperor asked: There are twelve meridians, yet why does only the Hand Taiyin pulse move continuously? (The Hand Taiyin originates at the Cun Kou.)
Qibo replied: The Foot Yangming is the Stomach pulse. The Stomach is the sea of the five zang and six fu organs. Its clear essence ascends to the Lung. Lung Qi travels via the Taiyin meridian. Its movement relies on respiration. Therefore, with one exhalation, the pulse moves twice; with one inhalation, it also moves twice. As respiration never ceases, pulse movement never stops.
Yellow Emperor asked: Why can the Qi Kou alone serve as the master of the five zang organs? Qibo replied: The Stomach is the sea of water and grain. Among the six fu organs, the Stomach is the largest. Flavors enter the mouth, store in the Stomach, and nourish the five zang organs. The Qi Kou is the Taiyin. The Qi and flavor of the zang and fu organs all originate from the Stomach and manifest at the Qi Kou. The Qi Kou belongs to the master pulse of the zang and fu, also known as the Cun Kou.
Bian Que said: When the Lung is diseased, the nose and mouth open. Excess-heat causes panting, chest fullness, and orthopnea; strong Yang Qi leads to dreams of fear, etc. Deficiency-cold causes cough, shortness of breath, and lower diarrhea; strong Yin Qi leads to dreams of wading in water. The Lung's sound is weeping; its change is cough; its emotion is sorrow. Sorrow injures the Lung; when essence and Qi congregate in the Lung, there is grief.
Flavors governing autumn accumulation and blood diseases in the chest, and diseases caused by irregular diet, are treated by selecting He-Sea points, hence it is said that flavors govern He-Sea points.
Disease starting in the Lung with panting and cough spreads to the Liver in three days, causing hypochondriac pain and fullness; spreads to the Spleen in one day, causing blockage, body pain, and heaviness; spreads to the Stomach in five days, causing abdominal distension; if not cured in ten days, death occurs. Death occurs at sunset in winter and sunrise in summer.
In Lung disease, symptoms improve in the afternoon, worsen at noon, and are quiet at midnight.
If Lung disease moves southward, it may be caused by eating horse meat or muntjac meat. Otherwise, it should manifest in summer, contracting disease on Bing or Ding days, and should be treated with red-colored medicines.
Generally, Lung disease symptoms include panting, coughing, and rebellious Qi, shoulder breathing, back pain, sweating, contracture of the buttocks, genitals, thighs, knees, thighs, calves, and feet. Deficiency causes shortness of breath and inability to complete inhalation, deafness, and dry throat. Select the Hand Taiyin, the exterior of the Foot Taiyang, the interior of the Jueyin, and the blood of the Shaoyin.
Lung pulse: deep and rapid, floating and panting. Suffering from chilly chills and fever, abdominal fullness, intestinal heat, dark urine, shoulder and back pain, and sweating above the waist, caused by sweating in bed and exposing to wind.
Lung disease presents with white complexion, body cold without fever, and frequent coughing. A slightly slow pulse is treatable; administer Wuweizi Da Bu Fei Tang (Five-Flavor Berry Great Lung Tonifying Decoction) or Xie Fei San (Draining Lung Powder). In spring, puncture Shaoshang; in summer, Yujì; both using draining methods. In late summer, Taiyuan; in autumn, Jingqu; in winter, Chize; all using tonifying methods. Also, moxa Danzhong for 100 cones, and 25 cones on the third thoracic vertebra on the back.
Pathogen in the Lung causes skin pain, chills, fever, upward rushing Qi, panting, sweating, and cough moving the shoulders and back. Select the acupoints in the chest and back, specifically beside the third thoracic vertebra. Press heavily until comfortable, then puncture. Select Quepen to vent the pathogen.
Cold exposure and cold drinks injure the Lung because the two colds interact, injuring both interior and exterior, causing Qi to rebel and ascend. Lung Qi injury causes coughing and spitting blood when fatigued. Pulses that are fine, tight, floating, or rapid all indicate hematemesis, caused by agitation and anger, leading to Lung injury and Qi stagnation.
Wind-stroke in the Lung causes dry mouth and panting, dizziness and heaviness, dizziness, and swelling.
Cold in the Lung causes expectoration of turbid mucus.
Water in the Lung causes body swelling, difficulty urinating, and frequent loose stools resembling duck feces.
Lung distension causes deficiency with fullness, panting, and coughing, eyes protruding like popping out, and a floating-large pulse.
Duyang pulse is floating and slow; Shaoyang pulse is slightly tight. Slight indicates blood deficiency; tight indicates mild cold; this is Shu Ru (scrofula).
Diagnosing Lung accumulation: pulse is floating, but feels elusive upon pressing. Periodic pain under the ribs radiating to the back, shortness of breath, forgetfulness, closed eyes, abscesses, cold skin. Improves in autumn, worsens in summer. Main symptom is intermittent pain in the skin, like lice crawling; severely, like needle pricks, sometimes itching, with white color.
The accumulation of the Lung is named Xi Ben, located under the right hypochondrium, covering an area the size of a cup, persisting for a long time. Symptoms include chills, fever, rebellious Qi, panting, coughing, and developing Lung Abscess. It is contracted on Jia or Yi days in spring. Why? Heart disease transmits to the Lung; the Lung should transmit to the Liver. However, the Liver is prosperous in spring, and prosperity rejects pathogens. The Lung tries to return the pathogen to the Heart, but the Heart refuses. Thus, it stays and forms an accumulation. Hence, Xi Ben is contracted in spring.
In Lung disease, the body should have fever, cough, shortness of breath, and expectoration of pus and blood. The pulse should be short and choppy. Now, if it is contrary and floating-large, and the color should be white but is actually red, this is Fire overcoming Metal, a great reversal, ten deaths, untreatable.
Shang tone, human, governs Lung sound. Lung sound is weeping; its instrument is the Qing (chime); its emotion is joy; its meridian is Hand Taiyin. Reversal in Yangming causes Ying and Wei circulation to block, and Yin-Yang to reverse. Yang Qi strikes internally, Yin Qi is injured externally. Injury causes cold; cold causes deficiency; deficiency leads to severe wind. Invasion causes trembling during breathing, hoarse and scattered voice. Lower Qi is short and exhausted, limbs are weak and paralyzed, complexion is blue-spotted, enuresis and incontinence occur. Severe cases are untreatable. Ma Huang Xu Ming Tang (Ephedra Continuation Life Decoction) governs this (formula in Volume 8, Chapter on Thief Wind).
Again, speaking of hoarse voice, urgent panting, shortness of breath, and preference for spitting, this is Fire overcoming Metal. Yang strikes Yin, Yin Qi sinks, Yang Qi rises. Rising leads to excess; excess leads to heat; heat leads to mania. Mania causes closing eyes, palpitations, and abnormal speech. Red mouth opening, drinking without measure, this heat injures the Lung, transforming Lung into blood, untreatable. If the face is red but the nose is not deviated, it is treatable.
Lung disease manifesting as malaria causes heart chills; severe chills lead to fever; between fevers, there is fright and hallucinations. Hengshan Tang (Swallowwort Decoction) governs this (formula in Volume 10, Chapter on Warm Malaria). If the person originally had a loud voice but suddenly loses it, struggling to speak, unlike others, staring straight ahead without responding when called, although said to be not sick, death is imminent. This is the sign of Lung disease affecting the voice. Observing diseases, interior and exterior correspond; treating according to the source ensures no error.
White corresponds to the Lung; the Lung combines with the skin. White like pork fat is auspicious. The Lung governs the nose; the nose is the remainder of the Lung. People with Metal constitution resemble Shang tone, have white complexion, small head, square face, small shoulders and back, small abdomen, small hands and feet, move lightly. They are lean and quick, calm and brave, prefer administrative work. Endure autumn and winter, not spring and summer. Spring and summer infections cause disease. Governed by Ren and Taiyin, modest. Thick and upright shoulders and chest indicate correct Lung response. Fine white skin texture indicates small Lung; small Lung drinks less and does not suffer from panting. Coarse texture indicates large Lung; large Lung is deficient, deficient Lung suffers from cold, wheezing, drinks more, prone to disease, massive chest and throat obstruction. Retracted shoulders and sunken chest/throat indicate high Lung; high Lung is excess, excess Lung has heat, upward Qi, shoulder tension, cough. Adducted axillae and spread ribs indicate low Lung; low Lung presses on Gan, causing hypochondriac pain, nasal congestion, polyps. Good thick shoulders and back indicate firm Lung; firm Lung does not suffer from cough or upward Qi. Thin shoulders and back indicate fragile Lung; fragile Lung easily injured by heat, panting, epistaxis. Good shoulders and chest indicate upright Lung; upright Lung is harmonious and hard to injure. Slanted chest indicates tilted Lung; tilted Lung causes unilateral chest pain and nasal disease. Any depression or elevation in these areas indicates disease. Large Intestine and Yangming are the domains of the Lung, connecting internally and reflecting externally. Deep and turbid is internal; floating and clear is external. If external disease enters internally, the domain elevates; if internal disease exits externally, the domain sinks. External entry treats Yang first, Yin second; internal exit treats Yin first, Yang second. Excess drains, deficiency tonifies. Yang governs exterior, Yin governs interior. In life and death, organ spirits transform externally. Before Lung death, the nose opens and dries. If Lung spirit dies, the nasal bridge breaks, nostrils close, turning blue-black. If the forehead color matches the grave color, death is certain and untreatable. Observe color depth to judge duration; far not exceeding one year, near not delaying months. If Lung disease slightly recovers then sudden death occurs, how to know? Red-black spots like thumbprint on cheeks indicate sudden death. Lung exhaustion leads to death in three days. How to know? Mouth open, air exits but does not return, white face, green eyes, this is chaotic meridians. Drinking in wind allows wind to enter Lung meridian, Gallbladder Qi leaks wildly, eyes turn green. Even with heavenly rescue, recovery is impossible. Yellow face, white eyes like dead bones indicate death. Auspicious and inauspicious colors depend on domain order. Smooth face with red/white entering nose indicates disease within the year. If not corresponding to the year, disaster will occur within three years.
Autumn Metal Lung, pulse and color white, governs Hand Taiyin meridian. In autumn, select Jing-River and Shu points. Autumn is when Metal begins to govern; Lung prepares to harvest and kill; Metal overcomes Fire, Yang Qi is in He-Sea points. Yin Qi initially prevails, dampness reaches the body. Yin is not yet strong, cannot penetrate deeply, so select Shu to drain Yin evil, select He to empty Yang evil. Yang Qi begins to decline, so select He points. The pulse originates in the Cun Kou, two cun behind the palm between the two tendons, corresponding to the axillary artery. The pulse root is in Tai Cang, three cun above the umbilicus.
The sinews originate above the thumb, run up the finger, knot behind the thenar eminence, travel along the lateral side of the Cun Kou, up the arm, knot at the elbow and medial upper arm, enter the axilla, emerge above the clavicle, knot at the shoulder front, ascend to knot at the clavicle, descend to knot in the chest interior, scatter through the diaphragm to the costal margin.
The meridian originates in the Middle Jiao, descends to connect with the Large Intestine, returns along the stomach opening, ascends through the diaphragm to belong to the Lung. From the Lung system, it emerges horizontally into the axilla, runs down the medial arm, anterior to the Shaoyin and Pericardium meridians, down to the elbow, then along the medial arm, inferior to the bone, enters the Cun Kou, ascends to the thenar eminence, follows the Yu Ji, exits at the tip of the thumb. The branch from the wrist goes directly to the radial side of the index finger, exiting at its tip. Combines with Hand Yangming as exterior-interior. The root of Yangming is in the elbow bone, meeting together with Hand Taiyin.
The Luo-connecting vessel of Taiyin is named Lieque, originating between the axillary divisions, running parallel to the Taiyin meridian directly into the palm, scattering into the thenar eminence, diverging to the Hand Yangming, governing Lung diseases. Excess disease indicates Large Intestine heat; heat causes hand contractions and palm elevation, leading to Yang disease. Yang pulse reverses and is three times larger than the Cun Kou pulse. Symptoms include cough, upward panting, vexation, chest fullness, pain along the anterior medial arm, and hot palms. Excess Qi causes shoulder and back wind-pain and sweating. Stroke deficiency indicates Large Intestine cold; cold causes yawning and cough, urinary incontinence and frequency. Frequency indicates Yin disease. Yin pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou pulse by half. Symptoms include cold pain in shoulder and back, shortness of breath, and insufficient respiration.
The three months of autumn govern the Lung and Large Intestine, White Qi, and Li disease. Its source strikes Hand Taiyin from Taiyang. Taiyin receives excessive pathogenic Qi, causing meridian blockage, tight standing of hair and skin, releasing evil generation, injuring the Zang and warming the Fu, following autumn to receive plague. The disease is contrary. If the Fu is deficient, it is injured by Yin evil, alternating cold and heat, damaging Lung and Qi, acute cough and vomiting. If the Zang is excess, it is damaged by Yang toxin, body heat with macules, panting and thirst, hence named White Qi Li disease.
Bian Que said: Moxibustion on the Back-Shu points of Heart and Lung treats Erysipelas and Bai Li disease. Treat according to the source, regulate Yang, manage Yin, and diseases of the zang and fu will not arise.