（凡七类）
（论一首）
论曰∶胆腑者主肝也，肝合气于胆。胆者中清之腑也。（《难经》云胆者清净之腑。《甲
乙》云中精之腑。）号将军，决曹吏。重三两三铢，长三寸三分。在肝短叶间下，贮水、精
汁二合（《难经》作三合）。能怒能喜，能刚能柔，目下窠大，其胆乃横。凡脑、胆、髓、骨、
脉、女子胞，此六者，地气之所生也，皆藏于阴而象于地，故藏而不泻，名曰奇恒之腑。若
胃、大肠、小肠、三焦、膀胱，此五者，天气之所生也，其气象天，故泻而不藏此受五脏浊
气，名曰传化之腑，此不能久留，输泻者也，所谓五脏者藏精气（《甲乙》作神）而不泻，
故
满而不能实。六腑者，传化物而不藏，故实而不能满。所以然者，水谷入口则胃实而肠虚，
食下则肠实而胃虚，故曰实而不满，满而不实也。
左手关上阳绝者，无胆脉也。苦膝疼，口中苦、眯目善畏如见鬼，多惊少力，刺足厥阴
治阴，在足大趾间，或刺三毛中。左手关上阳实者，胆实也。若腹中不安，身躯习习也，刺
足少阳治阳，在足上第二趾本节后一寸是。
胆病者，善太息，口苦呕宿汁，心澹澹恐如人将捕之，咽仲介介然，数唾候。在足少阳
之本末，亦见其脉之陷下者灸之。其寒热刺阳陵泉。若善呕有苦长太息。心中澹澹善悲恐如
人将捕之。邪在胆，逆在胃，胆液则口苦，胃气逆则呕苦汁，故曰呕胆，刺三里以下，胃气
逆，刺足少阳血络以闭胆却调其虚实，以去其邪也。
胆胀者，胁下痛胀，口苦太息。
肝前受病移于胆，肝咳不已则呕胆汁。
厥气客于胆则梦斗讼。（《甲乙》云梦斗讼自刳。）
肝应筋。爪浓色黄者胆浓；爪薄色红者胆薄；爪坚色青者胆急；爪软色赤者胆缓；爪直
色白无约者胆直；爪恶色黑多败者胆结。
扁鹊云∶足厥阴与少阳为表里，表清里浊，其病若实。极则伤热，热则惊动精神而不守
，卧起不定。若虚则伤寒，寒则恐畏头眩不能独卧。发于玄水，其根在胆，先从头面起，肿
至足。（方见治水篇中。）
胆有病则眉为之倾，病患眉系倾者七日死。
足少阳之脉，是动则病口苦，善太息，心胁痛，不能反侧，甚则面微尘，身无膏泽，足
外反热是为阳厥，是主骨所生病者，头痛，角颔痛，目锐 痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋下肿马刀挟
瘿，汗出振寒疟胸中胁肋，髀膝外至 绝骨外踝前及诸节皆痛，小趾次趾不用。盛者，则人
迎大一
（共七类）
（一篇论述）
论述说：胆腑与肝相表里，肝气合于胆。胆属于中清之腑。（《难经》说胆是清净之腑。《甲乙经》说是中精之腑。）胆被称为将军，决断之官。胆的重量是三两三铢，长度是三寸三分。位于肝脏短叶的下方，储存水液和精汁二合（《难经》记载为三合）。胆的功能表现为既能发怒又能喜悦，既能刚强又能柔和。如果眼下眼窝过大，说明胆气横逆。凡是脑、胆、髓、骨、脉、女子胞，这六者，是由地气所生，都藏纳于阴而象征大地，所以只藏精气而不泻出，称为奇恒之腑。至于胃、大肠、小肠、三焦、膀胱，这五者，是由天气所生，其功能象征天，所以只传导化物而不藏纳，接受五脏的浊气，称为传化之腑，这些脏腑不能久留食物，主要起输泻作用。所谓五脏，是藏精气（《甲乙经》作神）而不泻出的，所以保持充满状态而不能被实物填塞。六腑，是传导化物而不藏纳的，所以可以被实物填塞但不能保持充满状态。之所以这样，是因为水谷入口后胃实而肠虚，食物下行后肠实而胃虚，所以说六腑是“实而不满”，五脏是“满而不实”。
左手关部脉象阳气绝者，是没有胆脉的表现。症状包括膝盖疼痛，口中苦味，眯眼害怕好像看见鬼怪，容易受惊且乏力，治疗应针刺足厥阴肝经以调理阴分，穴位在足大趾间，或者刺入足大趾爪甲角旁的三毛处。左手关部脉象阳气实者，是胆实证。症状包括腹中不安，身体感觉轻微颤动或不适，治疗应针刺足少阳胆经以调理阳分，穴位在足背第二趾本节后一寸处。
患有胆病的人，喜欢长叹气，口苦并呕吐宿存的胆汁，心中澹澹然恐惧，好像有人要抓捕自己，咽喉中有异物感，频繁吐唾沫。诊察时观察足少阳胆经的本部和末部，以及见到经脉陷下的地方进行艾灸。对于寒热往来的症状，针刺阳陵泉穴。如果经常呕吐且有苦味，长时间叹气，心中澹澹然悲伤恐惧，好像有人要抓捕自己。邪气在胆，逆乱在胃，胆液上溢则口苦，胃气上逆则呕吐苦汁，这叫做“呕胆”。治疗应针刺足三里穴以降胃气，若胃气仍逆，则针刺足少阳胆经的血络以闭阻邪气，同时调理虚实，以祛除病邪。
胆胀的症状是胁下疼痛胀满，口苦，喜欢长叹气。
肝病在前受邪，病气转移至胆；肝咳不止则会呕吐胆汁。
厥逆之气客居于胆，则梦见争斗诉讼。（《甲乙经》说梦见争斗诉讼甚至自残。）
肝主筋。指甲浓厚颜色黄的是胆脓；指甲薄颜色红的是胆薄；指甲坚硬颜色青的是胆急；指甲柔软颜色赤的是胆缓；指甲直挺颜色白没有约束的是胆直；指甲恶劣颜色黑多败坏的是胆结。
扁鹊说：足厥阴肝经与足少阳胆经互为表里，表清里浊。如果病属实证，极盛则会损伤热气，热盛则惊动精神使其不守舍，导致卧起不定。如果病属虚证，则易感伤寒，寒盛则恐惧畏寒、头晕目眩，不能独自卧床。如果发展为玄水病，其根源在胆，先从头面部开始浮肿，肿势向下延伸至足部。（方剂见治水篇中。）
胆有病则眉毛会为之倾斜，病患眉毛系处倾斜的，七日后死亡。
足少阳胆经发生病变，会出现口苦，喜欢长叹气，心胁疼痛，不能翻身侧卧，严重时面色如蒙尘垢，身体无光泽，足外侧反常发热，这称为阳厥。该经主治骨骼所生的疾病，症状包括头痛，颞颌部疼痛，目外眦疼痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋下肿，马刀侠瘿（一种颈侧淋巴结结核），出汗、恶寒战栗的疟疾，胸中及胁肋、大腿、膝盖外侧至绝骨、外踝前以及各个关节皆痛，小趾和第二趾活动不利。脉象盛大者，人迎脉比寸口脉大一倍……
(Seven categories in total)
(One treatise)
The treatise states: The Gallbladder Fu-organ is paired with the Liver, and Liver Qi combines with the Gallbladder. The Gallbladder is a Middle-Clear Fu-organ (a hollow organ containing clear fluids). As stated in the *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues), the Gallbladder is a pure and clear Fu-organ; as stated in the *Jia Yi Jing* (A-B Classic), it is the organ of middle essence. It is designated as the "General" (the organ of decision-making). Its weight is three taels and three zhu, and its length is three cun and three fen. It is located below the short lobes of the Liver, storing two he of water and essence fluid (the *Nan Jing* records this as three he). Its functions manifest as both anger and joy, both rigidity and flexibility. If the infraorbital area (eye sockets) is excessively large, it indicates that Gallbladder Qi is horizontal and uncontrolled. The Brain, Gallbladder, Marrow, Bones, Vessels, and Uterus are these six organs, generated by Earth Qi. They all store Yin and correspond to the Earth; therefore, they store but do not excrete, and are named the Extraordinary Fu-organs. In contrast, the Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Sanjiao (Triple Burner), and Bladder are these five organs, generated by Heaven Qi. Their function corresponds to Heaven; therefore, they excrete but do not store. They receive turbid Qi from the Five Zang-organs and are named the Transmission and Transformation Fu-organs. These organs cannot retain contents for long but serve to transport and excrete. It is said that the Five Zang-organs store Essence-Qi (the *Jia Yi Jing* reads "Shen/Spirit") and do not excrete, thus remaining full but not solidly filled with food/water. The Six Fu-organs transmit and transform substances without storing them, thus being solidly filled but not remaining full. This is because when food and water enter the mouth, the Stomach becomes solidly filled while the Intestines are empty; when food moves down, the Intestines become solidly filled while the Stomach becomes empty. Hence, it is said that the Fu-organs are "solidly filled but not full," while the Zang-organs are "full but not solidly filled."
If the Yang pulse at the Guan position on the left hand is absent, there is no Gallbladder pulse. Symptoms include knee pain, bitter taste in the mouth, squinting eyes, fearfulness as if seeing ghosts, frequent fright, and lack of strength. Treatment involves needling the Foot-Jueyin (Liver) meridian to regulate Yin, using points between the big toe or at the hair follicles near the nail of the big toe. If the Yang pulse at the Guan position on the left hand is excess, it indicates Gallbladder Excess Syndrome. Symptoms include discomfort in the abdomen and a sensation of slight trembling or unease in the body. Treatment involves needling the Foot-Shaoyang (Gallbladder) meridian to regulate Yang, using the point one cun distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second toe.
Patients with Gallbladder disease often sigh deeply, have a bitter taste in the mouth, and vomit retained bile. They feel a palpitations-like fear (dandan fear), as if someone were about to capture them. There is a sensation of obstruction in the throat, and frequent spitting. Examination should focus on the origin and termination of the Foot-Shaoyang meridian, and moxibustion should be applied where the vessels appear depressed. For symptoms of cold and heat alternating, needle the Yanglingquan (GB34) acupoint. If there is frequent vomiting with a bitter taste, prolonged sighing, and a feeling of dandan sadness and fear as if being pursued, the pathogen is in the Gallbladder, and the rebellion is in the Stomach. Gallbladder fluid reflux causes bitterness; Stomach Qi rebellion causes vomiting of bitter fluid, termed "vomiting from the Gallbladder." Treatment involves needling the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint to descend Stomach Qi. If Stomach Qi remains rebellious, needle the blood collaterals of the Foot-Shaoyang meridian to block the pathogen, and regulate deficiency and excess to eliminate the evil.
Gallbladder distension presents with pain and distension under the hypochondrium, bitter taste, and frequent sighing.
If the Liver is diseased anteriorly and the pathology transfers to the Gallbladder, persistent Liver cough will result in vomiting of bile.
When Jue Qi (rebellious Qi) lodges in the Gallbladder, dreams of fighting and litigation occur (the *Jia Yi Jing* adds self-mutilation).
The Liver governs the sinews. Thick nails with yellow color indicate Gallbladder pus; thin nails with red color indicate a thin Gallbladder; hard nails with blue-green color indicate Gallbladder tension; soft nails with red color indicate Gallbladder laxity; straight nails with white color and no constriction indicate a straight Gallbladder; ugly nails with black color and signs of decay indicate Gallbladder knotting.
Bian Que said: The Foot-Jueyin and Foot-Shaoyang meridians are exterior-interior pairs. The exterior is clear, and the interior is turbid. If the disease is excess, extreme heat will damage the spirit, causing spiritual unrest and instability in sleeping and waking. If the disease is deficiency, it leads to contraction of cold pathogens, causing fear, aversion to cold, dizziness, and inability to lie alone. If it develops into Xuan Shui (deep swelling/edema), the root lies in the Gallbladder, starting from the head and face and extending down to the feet. (Prescriptions can be found in the chapter on treating water diseases.)
When the Gallbladder is diseased, the eyebrows may tilt. If the patient's eyebrow roots are tilted, death will occur within seven days.
When the Foot-Shaoyang meridian undergoes pathological changes, it causes bitter taste, frequent sighing, pain in the heart and hypochondrium, and inability to turn over. In severe cases, the face appears dusty, the body lacks luster, and the lateral aspect of the foot becomes abnormally hot, known as Yang Jue (Yang reversal). This meridian governs diseases arising from the bones, including headache, temporal and mandibular pain, pain at the outer canthus of the eye, swelling and pain in the supraclavicular fossa, axillary swelling, mar knife and xiying (types of scrofula), sweating, chills, and malaria. Pain may also occur in the chest, hypochondrium, thigh, lateral knee, up to the Jiegu (fibular head), anterior to the lateral malleolus, and in various joints, with dysfunction of the little toe and the second toe. When the pulse is vigorous, the Renying (carotid) pulse is larger than the Cun Kou (radial) pulse by one degree...