病源呕吐者，皆由脾胃虚弱，受于风邪所为也，若风邪在胃则呕，膈间有停饮，胃内有
久寒，则呕而吐，其状长大息，心里淡淡然，或烦满而大便难，或溏泄，并其候，养生方云，
八月勿食姜，一云被霜瓜，向冬发寒热及温病，食欲吐，或心中停饮不消，或为反胃，其汤
熨针石，别有正方补养宣导，令附于后，养生方导引法云，正坐两手向后捉腕，反向拓席，
尽势使腹弦，弦上下七，左右换手亦然，除腹肚冷风宿气，或胃口冷食饮进退吐逆不下，又
云，偃卧展两胫两手，左右跷两足踵，以鼻纳气自极七息，除腹中病食苦呕，又云坐直舒两
足，以两手挽两足，自极十二通，愈肠胃不能受食吐逆，以两手直义两脚底，两脚痛舒，以
头抵膝上，自极十二通，愈肠胃不能受食吐逆。（出第二十一卷中）
仲景伤寒论，呕吐病在膈上，后必思水者，急与之思水，与猪苓散方。
猪苓（去皮） 茯苓 白术
上三味，各等分捣筛，饮汁和服方寸匕，日三服，欲饮水者极与之，本虚与水则哕，攻
其热亦哕。忌桃李雀肉醋物。（千金同出第十六卷中）
必效小麦汤，主呕吐不止方。
小麦（一升洗） 人参（四两） 青竹茹（二两半） 茯苓（三两） 浓朴（四两炙） 甘
草（一
两炙） 生姜（汁三合）
上七味，以水八升，煮取三升，分三服。忌海藻菘菜酢。（千金同）
又凡服汤呕逆不入腹者方。
先单煮炙甘草三小两，以水三升，煮取二升，服之得吐，但更服不吐，益好，消息定然
后服余汤，则流利更不吐也。忌海藻菘菜。（千金同并出第二卷中）
延年人参饮，主吐方。
人参（一两） 橘皮（三两） 生姜（一两）
上三味切，以水四升，煮取一升五合，分温三服。（出第六卷中）
又麦门冬饮，主风邪热气冲心，心闷短气，吐不下食方。
麦门冬（二两去心） 人参（一两） 橘皮（一两） 生姜（三两） 羚羊角（一两屑）
上五味切，以水五升，煮取一升五合，去滓，分温三服。
又甘草饮，主脾肾冷气乘心，痛闷吐利，四肢逆冷，或烦疼方。
甘草（二两炙） 人参（二两） 干姜（四两） 浓朴（二两炙） 白术（二两）
上五味切，以水五升，煮取一升五合，去滓，分温三四服，如人行八九里。忌海藻菘菜
桃李雀肉等。（出第六卷中）
新附近效疗呕逆方。
白油麻一大合，以清酒半升，煎取三合，看冷热得所去油麻以酒顿服之，立验无忌。
又方
麻仁三合熬捣，以水研取汁，着少盐吃，立效。（李谏议用有效）
关于呕吐的病因，都是由于脾胃虚弱，受到风邪侵袭所致。如果风邪停留在胃中，就会引起呕吐；如果膈间有停饮（水液代谢障碍形成的病理产物），胃内有久寒，就会出现既呕又吐的症状。其表现为长叹气，心中感觉淡淡不适，或者烦闷胀满且大便困难，或者出现溏泄（稀便）。这些都属于上述证候。《养生方》中说，八月不要吃生姜，还有一种说法是不要吃经霜的瓜。到了冬天容易发作寒热及温病，食欲减退想吐，或者心中停饮无法消散，或者形成反胃。针对这些情况，汤熨、针刺、砭石等疗法另有专门的方剂。补养和宣导的方法，附在后面。《养生方·导引法》说：端正坐好，双手向后握住手腕，反向用力撑席子，尽力使腹部肌肉绷紧，上下活动七次，左右换手做也一样。这可以消除腹肚中的冷风和宿气。如果是胃口因冷食冷饮导致进退两难、呕吐逆气不下，又说：仰卧伸展双腿和双手，左右交替跷起脚后跟，用鼻子吸气直到极限，共七次呼吸。这可以消除腹中积食引起的痛苦呕吐。又说：坐直舒展双腿，用双手挽住双脚，尽力做十二次动作，可以治愈肠胃不能受纳食物导致的呕吐逆气。用双手伸直按压两脚底，感到疼痛时舒展，用头抵住膝盖上，尽力做十二次动作，也可以治愈肠胃不能受纳食物导致的呕吐逆气。（出自第二十一卷）
张仲景《伤寒论》指出，呕吐病位在膈上，之后必定想喝水的，要赶紧给他喝他想喝的水，使用猪苓散方。
猪苓（去皮） 茯苓 白术
以上三味药，各取等分捣碎过筛，用汁液调和服用一方寸匕，每天三次。如果想喝水，就尽量给他喝。原本体质虚弱而给水则会发生呃逆（哕），攻伐其热邪也会发生呃逆。忌食桃李、雀肉、醋物。（与《千金方》相同，出自第十六卷）
必效小麦汤，主治呕吐不止的方剂。
小麦（一升，洗净） 人参（四两） 青竹茹（二两半） 茯苓（三两） 浓朴（四两，炙） 甘草（一两，炙） 生姜（汁三合）
以上七味药，用水八升，煮取三升，分三次服用。忌海藻、菘菜、醋。（与《千金方》相同）
另外，凡是服用汤药后呕吐逆气不进入腹中的方剂。
先单独煎煮炙甘草三小两，用水三升，煮取二升，服用后如果发生呕吐，但继续服用不再呕吐，这是好事。观察确认确实如此后，再服用其余的汤药，这样药液就能顺利流通，不再呕吐了。忌海藻、菘菜。（与《千金方》相同，并出第二卷）
延年人参饮，主治呕吐的方剂。
人参（一两） 橘皮（三两） 生姜（一两）
以上三味药切碎，用水四升，煮取一升五合，分三次温服。（出自第六卷）
另外麦门冬饮，主治风邪热气冲心，导致心闷短气，呕吐不能进食的方剂。
麦门冬（二两，去心） 人参（一两） 橘皮（一两） 生姜（三两） 羚羊角（一两，锉屑）
以上五味药切碎，用水五升，煮取一升五合，去渣，分三次温服。
另外甘草饮，主治脾肾冷气乘心，导致痛闷吐利，四肢逆冷，或者烦疼的方剂。
甘草（二两，炙） 人参（二两） 干姜（四两） 浓朴（二两，炙） 白术（二两）
以上五味药切碎，用水五升，煮取一升五合，去渣，分三四次温服，间隔时间大约相当于人行走八九里的路程。忌海藻、菘菜、桃李、雀肉等。（出自第六卷）
新近附近有效的治疗呕逆方。
白油麻一大合，用清酒半升，煎取三合，观察冷热适宜，去掉油麻，将酒一次服下，立即见效，没有禁忌。
Regarding the etiology of vomiting, it is all caused by the deficiency and weakness of the Spleen and Stomach, combined with invasion by Wind pathogen. If the Wind pathogen remains in the Stomach, it causes vomiting; if there is retained fluid (pathological accumulation of fluids) between the diaphragm, and chronic cold within the Stomach, both vomiting and spitting up occur. The presentation includes long sighing, a feeling of emptiness or discomfort in the heart region, or irritability, fullness, and difficulty in defecation, or loose stools. These are all manifestations of this syndrome. *Yangsheng Fang* states that one should not eat ginger in the eighth month; another view suggests avoiding melons that have been frosted. In winter, one may develop alternating chills and fever or warm diseases, loss of appetite with nausea, or unresolved retained fluid in the heart region, or even reverse regurgitation. For these conditions, therapies such as hot compresses, acupuncture, and bian stone therapy have separate specific formulas. Methods for nourishment and qigong guidance are attached below. *Yangsheng Fang: Dao Yin Fa* states: Sit upright, grasp your wrists with both hands behind your back, and push against the mat in the opposite direction, striving to tense the abdominal muscles fully. Perform this up-and-down movement seven times, and repeat by switching hands. This eliminates cold wind and stagnant qi in the abdomen. If the stomach is affected by cold food or drink leading to difficulty in digestion and upward rebellion of qi without expulsion, it is further stated: Lie supine, extend both legs and arms, alternate lifting the heels, inhale deeply through the nose until maximum capacity, repeating for seven breaths. This eliminates painful vomiting caused by retained food in the abdomen. It is also stated: Sit straight, extend both legs, grasp both feet with both hands, and perform the movement to its limit twelve times. This cures vomiting and rebellion due to the intestines and stomach's inability to accept food. Press the soles of both feet firmly with both hands until pain is felt, then relax; press your head against your knees and perform the movement to its limit twelve times. This also cures vomiting and rebellion due to the intestines and stomach's inability to accept food. (From Volume 21)
Zhang Zhongjing’s *Shanghan Lun* indicates that if vomiting occurs with the pathology located above the diaphragm, and the patient subsequently desires water, provide water immediately according to their desire, using the Zhu Ling San formula.
Zhu Ling (Poria, peeled) Fu Ling (Poria) Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)
These three herbs are ground into powder in equal proportions. Mix with liquid and take one fangcun bi (a square-inch measure) per dose, three times daily. If the patient desires water, give it freely. If the underlying constitution is deficient and administering water leads to hiccups (yue), attacking the heat will also cause hiccups. Avoid peaches, plums, sparrow meat, and vinegar products. (Same as *Qianjin Fang*, from Volume 16)
Bixiao Xiaomai Tang, a formula for treating persistent vomiting.
Xiao Mai (Tritici Fructus, one sheng, washed) Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, four liang) Qing Zhu Ru (Bambusa Textilis Caulis interior, two and a half liang) Fu Ling (Poria, three liang) Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, four liang, processed with bran) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, one liang, processed) Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, juice three he)
These seven herbs are decocted in eight sheng of water to obtain three sheng of liquid. Divide into three doses. Avoid seaweed, Chinese cabbage, and vinegar. (Same as *Qianjin Fang*)
Another formula for cases where ingested decoctions are vomited up and do not enter the abdomen.
First, decoct alone Zhi Gan Cao (Processed Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) three small liang in three sheng of water to obtain two sheng of liquid. Take this dose. If vomiting occurs but subsequent doses do not induce vomiting, this is favorable. Observe to confirm this pattern, then administer the remaining decoction. The medication will then flow smoothly without causing vomiting. Avoid seaweed and Chinese cabbage. (Same as *Qianjin Fang*, and from Volume 2)
Yannian Renshen Yin, a formula for treating vomiting.
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, one liang) Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, three liang) Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, one liang)
These three herbs are cut into pieces and decocted in four sheng of water to obtain one sheng five he of liquid. Divide into three warm doses. (From Volume 6)
Another formula, Maidong Yin, for treating wind-heat pathogen rushing to the Heart, causing chest oppression, shortness of breath, vomiting, and inability to eat.
Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix, two liang, heart removed) Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, one liang) Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, one liang) Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, three liang) Ling Yang Jiao (Saiga Tatarica Cornu, one liang, crushed)
These five herbs are cut into pieces and decocted in five sheng of water to obtain one sheng five he of liquid. Strain and divide into three warm doses.
Another formula, Gancao Yin, for treating cold qi from the Spleen and Kidney invading the Heart, causing pain, oppression, vomiting, diarrhea, cold limbs, or irritability and pain.
Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, two liang, processed) Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, two liang) Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, four liang) Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, two liang, processed) Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, two liang)
These five herbs are cut into pieces and decocted in five sheng of water to obtain one sheng five he of liquid. Strain and divide into three or four warm doses, spaced at intervals equivalent to walking eight or nine li. Avoid seaweed, Chinese cabbage, peaches, plums, sparrow meat, etc. (From Volume 6)
Newly effective nearby formula for treating vomiting and rebellion.
Take one da he of Bai You Ma (Sesami Semen Album), decoct in half sheng of clear wine to obtain three he. Check that the temperature is suitable, remove the sesame seeds, and consume the wine in one dose. Effect is immediate, with no contraindications.
Another formula
Take three he of Ma Ren (Semen Cannabis), stir-fry and crush. Grind with water to extract the juice, add a little salt, and consume. Effect is immediate. (Effective when used by Censor Li Jian)