病源夫渴利者。随饮小便是也。由少服乳石。石热盛时。房室过度。致令肾气虚耗。下
焦生热。热则肾燥。肾燥则渴。然肾虚又不能传制水液。故随饮小便也。其病变多发痈疽。
以其内热而小便利故也。小便利则津液竭。津液竭则经络涩。经络涩则营卫不行。营卫不行
则热气留滞。故成痈脓也。（出第五卷中）
千金疗下焦虚热注脾胃。从脾注肺。好渴利方。
小麦（一升） 竹叶（三升） 麦门冬（四两去心） 茯苓（四两） 甘草（三两炙） 大
枣（三
十枚去核） 生姜（五两） 栝蒌（五两） 地骨皮（一升）
上九味切。先以水三斗。煮小麦取一斗。去滓澄清。取八升。去上沫。取七升。煮药取
三升。分三服。忌海藻菘菜酢物。
又疗渴利虚热。引饮不止。消热止渴。茯神汤方。
茯神（四两） 石膏（八两碎） 地骨皮（一升） 竹叶（三升） 栝蒌（五两） 葳
蕤（四两） 麦门冬（二升去心） 知母（四两） 生地黄（一升） 宿姜（四两）
上十味切。以水一斗二升。下大枣三十枚擘。并药煮取四升。分为四服。忌芜荑。
又消渴利方。
生栝蒌根（三十斤）
上一味切。以水一石。煮取一斗半去滓。以牛脂五合。煎取水尽。以暖酒先食后服如鸡
子大。日三服。
又方
葵根五升盘大两束切
上一味。以水五升。煮取三升。宿不食。平旦一服三升。
又疗渴小便利复非淋方。
榆白皮二斤（去黑皮切）
上一味。以水一斗。煮取五升。一服三合。日三服。
又方
小豆藿一把。捣取汁。顿服。日三。（肘后文仲同）
又渴利方。
栝蒌粉和鸡子。日曝干更捣。水服方寸匕。日三丸服亦得。
又疗虚热。四体羸瘦。渴热不止。茯神消渴补虚。煮散方。
茯神（四两） 石斛（八两） 栝蒌（五两） 甘草（三两炙） 五味子（三两） 苁
蓉（四两）
知母（三两） 黄连（八两） 丹参（五两） 人参（三两） 当归（三两） 小麦（三升）
葳蕤（四
两）
上十三味捣筛为散。取三寸匕。以水三升。煮取一升。绢袋贮煮之。日再。一煮为一
服。忌猪肉醋物海藻菘菜。（出第二十二卷中）
崔氏疗消渴瘦中焦热渴方。
苦参（一大斤） 黄连（六分） 栝蒌（五两） 知母（五两） 牡蛎粉（五两） 麦
门冬（五
两去心）
上六味各捣筛为散。以牛乳和。并手捻为丸。如梧子大。曝干。日再服。饱食讫。以浆
水下之。服二十丸。如微利减十丸。如食热面酒等。即加服
广济疗脾胃中虚热消渴。小便数。骨肉日渐消瘦方。
麦门冬（十二分去心） 苦参（八分） 栝蒌（八分） 知母（八分） 茯神（八分） 土
瓜根（
八分） 甘草（六分炙） 人参（六分）
上八味捣筛蜜和丸。每食少时。煮芦根大麦饮服。如梧子二十丸。日再。渐加至三十丸
。忌海藻菘菜猪肉大酢。（一方有黄连十二分出第一卷中）
肘后疗消渴。肌肤羸瘦。或虚热转筋。不能自止小便数方。
栝蒌（六分） 黄连（六分） 汉防己（六分） 铅丹（六分研）
上四味捣筛为散。每食后取酢一合。水二合。和服方寸匕。日三服。当强饮水。须臾恶
水。不复饮矣。（陶氏广济文仲同千金翼同分两小别出第十卷中）
【病因病机】
所谓渴利（消渴多尿），是指饮水后立即排尿。这是由于长期服用乳石类药物，在药性燥热之时，房事过度，导致肾气虚损耗竭。下焦产生内热，热盛则肾阴干燥，肾燥则引发口渴。然而，肾虚又无法制约和传输水液，因此出现饮水即排出的症状。此类病变容易并发痈疽，是因为体内有热且小便频数所致。小便频数会导致津液枯竭，津液枯竭则经络运行涩滞，经络涩滞则营卫之气不能正常运行，营卫不行则热气留滞积聚，从而形成痈脓。（出自第五卷中）
【方剂一】千金疗下焦虚热注脾胃。从脾注肺。好渴利方。
小麦（一升） 竹叶（三升） 麦门冬（四两，去心） 茯苓（四两） 甘草（三两，炙） 大枣（三十枚，去核） 生姜（五两） 栝蒌（五两） 地骨皮（一升）
以上九味药切碎。先用水三斗，煮小麦至剩一斗时，滤去渣滓并澄清。取八升药液，撇去上浮的泡沫，取七升，再放入其他药物煎煮，取汁三升。分三次服用。忌食海藻、白菜及醋制食物。
【方剂二】又疗渴利虚热。引饮不止。消热止渴。茯神汤方。
茯神（四两） 石膏（八两，捣碎） 地骨皮（一升） 竹叶（三升） 栝蒌（五两） 葳蕤（四两） 麦门冬（二升，去心） 知母（四两） 生地黄（一升） 宿姜（四两）
以上十味药切碎。用水一斗二升，加入三十枚掰开的大枣，与药物同煮，取汁四升。分四次服用。忌食芜荑。
【方剂三】又消渴利方。
生栝蒌根（三十斤）
以上一味药切碎。用水一石，煎煮至剩一斗半，滤去渣滓。加入牛脂五合，煎至液体收尽。服药前先用暖酒送服，每次如鸡蛋大小，每日三次服用。
【方剂四】又方
葵根五升，盘大两束，切碎
以上一味药。用水五升，煎煮至剩三升。服药前一晚禁食，清晨空腹一次服用三升。
【方剂五】又疗渴小便利复非淋方。
榆白皮二斤（去除黑色外皮后切碎）
以上一味药。用水一斗，煎煮至剩五升。每次服用三合，每日三次。
【方剂六】又方
小豆藿一把，捣取汁液。一次性顿服。每日三次。（《肘后方》文仲本相同）
【方剂七】又渴利方。
栝蒌粉调和鸡蛋，日晒干燥后再捣碎。用水送服一方寸匕。若制成丸剂服用亦可。
【方剂八】又疗虚热。四体羸瘦。渴热不止。茯神消渴补虚。煮散方。
茯神（四两） 石斛（八两） 栝蒌（五两） 甘草（三两，炙） 五味子（三两） 肉苁蓉（四两） 知母（三两） 黄连（八两） 丹参（五两） 人参（三两） 当归（三两） 小麦（三升） 葳蕤（四两）
以上十三味药捣碎过筛成散剂。取三寸匕大小的药量，用水三升，煎煮至剩一升。用绢袋盛装药渣进行煎煮（或指将药包入袋中煎煮）。每日两次，每次煎煮所得为一服。忌食猪肉、醋制品、海藻、白菜。（出自第二十二卷中）
【方剂九】崔氏疗消渴瘦中焦热渴方。
苦参（一大斤） 黄连（六分） 栝蒌（五两） 知母（五两） 牡蛎粉（五两） 麦门冬（五两，去心）
以上六味药分别捣碎过筛成散剂。用牛奶调和，并用手捻制成丸剂，如梧桐子大小，晒干。每日两次服用。饱食之后，用米浆送服二十丸。如果大便微溏，减少十丸。如果食用了热面、酒类等，则增加服药量。
【方剂十】广济疗脾胃中虚热消渴。小便数。骨肉日渐消瘦方。
麦门冬（十二分，去心） 苦参（八分） 栝蒌（八分） 知母（八分） 茯神（八分） 土瓜根（八分） 甘草（六分，炙） 人参（六分）
以上八味药捣碎过筛，用蜂蜜和丸。每餐稍后，煮芦根大麦饮送服，如梧桐子大小二十丸，每日两次，逐渐加量至三十丸。忌食海藻、白菜、猪肉及大量醋。（另一版本有黄连十二分，出自第一卷中）
【方剂十一】肘后疗消渴。肌肤羸瘦。或虚热转筋。不能自止小便数方。
栝蒌（六分） 黄连（六分） 汉防己（六分） 铅丹（六分，研细）
以上四味药捣碎过筛成散剂。每餐后取醋一合，水二合，调和药散一方寸匕服用，每日三次。应当强行饮水，片刻后会厌恶饮水，便不再想喝了。（陶弘景《广济方》、文仲本、《千金翼方》内容相同，仅分量略有不同，出自第十卷中）
[Pathogenesis]
The condition known as "Ke Li" (Xiao Ke with polyuria) refers to urination immediately after drinking. This is caused by the long-term ingestion of "Ru Shi" (mineral drugs, often containing arsenic or sulfur compounds), combined with excessive sexual activity during the period when the drug's heat nature is predominant. This leads to the deficiency and depletion of Kidney Qi. Heat generates in the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner). Excessive heat causes Kidney Yin dryness, which triggers thirst. However, due to Kidney deficiency, the body loses the ability to control and transport fluids, resulting in immediate urination upon drinking. Such pathological changes frequently develop into carbuncles and sores because internal heat combined with frequent urination depletes Body Fluids (Jin Ye). The depletion of Body Fluids causes stagnation in the meridians; stagnation in the meridians prevents the normal circulation of Ying (Nutritive Qi) and Wei (Defensive Qi); when Ying and Wei fail to circulate, pathogenic heat remains stagnant, eventually forming abscesses and pus. (From Volume 5)
[Formula 1] Qianjin Formula for treating Lower Jiao deficiency heat transmitting to the Spleen and Stomach, then from the Spleen to the Lung, suitable for Ke Li.
Triticum aestivum (Wheat) (1 sheng)
Bambusae Leaves (Zhu Ye) (3 sheng)
Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Men Dong) (4 liang, heart removed)
Poria (Fu Ling) (4 liang)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) (3 liang, honey-fried)
Jujubae Fructus (Da Zao) (30 pieces, pits removed)
Zingiberis Rhizoma (Sheng Jiang) (5 liang)
Trichosanthis Radix (Gua Lou) (5 liang)
Cortex Lycii (Di Gu Pi) (1 sheng)
Cut the above nine ingredients. First, use 3 dou of water to boil the wheat until 1 dou remains. Strain the dregs and clarify the liquid. Take 8 sheng, skim off the foam on the surface, and take 7 sheng. Then add the remaining herbs and boil to obtain 3 sheng of decoction. Divide into three doses. Avoid consuming Algae (Hai Zao), Chinese Cabbage (Song Cai), and vinegar-preserved foods.
[Formula 2] Another formula for treating Ke Li with deficiency heat, incessant craving for drinking, clearing heat and relieving thirst. Fushen Tang.
Polyporus (Fu Shen) (4 liang)
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shi Gao) (8 liang, crushed)
Cortex Lycii (Di Gu Pi) (1 sheng)
Bambusae Leaves (Zhu Ye) (3 sheng)
Trichosanthis Radix (Gua Lou) (5 liang)
Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Wei Ru) (4 liang)
Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Men Dong) (2 sheng, heart removed)
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu) (4 liang)
Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Sheng Di Huang) (1 sheng)
Old Ginger (Su Jiang) (4 liang)
Cut the above ten ingredients. Use 1 dou 2 sheng of water, add 30 cracked Jujubae Fructus (Da Zao), and boil together with the herbs to obtain 4 sheng of decoction. Divide into four doses. Avoid consuming Chrysanthemi Fructus (Wu Yi).
[Formula 3] Another formula for Xiao Ke Li.
Raw Trichosanthis Radix (Sheng Gua Lou Gen) (30 jin)
Cut the single ingredient. Use 1 dan of water, boil until 1 dan 5 sheng remain, strain the dregs. Add 5 he of Ox Fat (Niu Zhi), and simmer until the liquid is fully absorbed. Before eating, take a dose the size of a chicken egg with warm wine. Take three times daily.
[Formula 4] Another formula.
Abutilon Root (Kui Gen) (5 sheng, two large bundles, cut)
Take the single ingredient. Use 5 sheng of water, boil until 3 sheng remain. Fast overnight. Take 3 sheng at dawn on an empty stomach.
[Formula 5] Another formula for treating Ke Li with frequent urination but not strangury.
Ulmus Cortex (Yu Bai Pi) (2 jin, remove black outer bark and cut)
Take the single ingredient. Use 1 dou of water, boil until 5 sheng remain. Take 3 ge per dose, three times daily.
[Formula 6] Another formula.
Young Soybean Sprouts (Xiao Dou Huo) (one handful), crush to extract juice. Take in one dose. Three times daily. (Same as Wen Zhong's edition of Zhou Hou Fang)
[Formula 7] Another formula for Ke Li.
Trichosanthis Powder mixed with Chicken Egg, sun-dried and pounded again. Take with water, one fang cun bi (square inch spoonful). Taking it as pills is also acceptable.
[Formula 8] Another formula for treating deficiency heat, emaciation of the four limbs, incessant thirst and heat. Fushen Xiao Ke Bu Xu Zhu San.
Polyporus (Fu Shen) (4 liang)
Dendrobii Caulis (Shi Hu) (8 liang)
Trichosanthis Radix (Gua Lou) (5 liang)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) (3 liang, honey-fried)
Schisandrae Fructus (Wu Wei Zi) (3 liang)
Cynomorii Herba (Rou Cong Rong) (4 liang)
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu) (3 liang)
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huang Lian) (8 liang)
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Dan Shen) (5 liang)
Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen) (3 liang)
Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Dang Gui) (3 liang)
Triticum aestivum (Wheat) (3 sheng)
Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Wei Ru) (4 liang)
Pound and sieve the above thirteen ingredients into powder. Take three cun bi. Use 3 sheng of water, boil to obtain 1 sheng. Store in a silk bag for boiling (or boil the bagged herbs). Twice daily. One boiling constitutes one dose. Avoid pork, vinegar products, algae, and Chinese cabbage. (From Volume 22)
[Formula 9] Cui Shi's Formula for treating Xiao Ke with emaciation, Middle Jiao heat, and thirst.
Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix (Ku Shen) (1 da jin)
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huang Lian) (6 fen)
Trichosanthis Radix (Gua Lou) (5 liang)
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu) (5 liang)
Ostreae Concha (Mu Li Fen) (5 liang)
Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Men Dong) (5 liang, heart removed)
Pound and sieve each of the above six ingredients separately. Mix with cow's milk and knead by hand into pills the size of wu zi (wu-tzu seeds/loquat seeds). Sun-dry. Take twice daily. After a full meal, swallow with rice gruel (jiang shui). Take 20 pills. If there is slight diarrhea, reduce by 10 pills. If consuming hot noodles, alcohol, etc., increase the dosage accordingly.
[Formula 10] Guang Ji Formula for treating Spleen and Stomach deficiency heat, Xiao Ke, frequent urination, and gradual emaciation of bones and flesh.
Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Men Dong) (12 fen, heart removed)
Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix (Ku Shen) (8 fen)
Trichosanthis Radix (Gua Lou) (8 fen)
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhi Mu) (8 fen)
Polyporus (Fu Shen) (8 fen)
Benincasae Semen Exocarpium (Tu Gua Gen) (8 fen)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) (6 fen, honey-fried)
Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen) (6 fen)
Pound and sieve the above eight ingredients, mix with honey to form pills. A short time after each meal, take with decoction of Phragmitis Rhizome (Lu Gen) and Hordeum vulgare (Da Mai). Take 20 pills the size of wu zi, twice daily. Gradually increase to 30 pills. Avoid algae, Chinese cabbage, pork, and large amounts of vinegar. (Another version contains Huang Lian 12 fen, from Volume 1)
[Formula 11] Zhou Hou Formula for treating Xiao Ke, emaciated skin and flesh, or deficiency heat causing muscle cramps, and uncontrollable frequent urination.
Trichosanthis Radix (Gua Lou) (6 fen)
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huang Lian) (6 fen)
Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Han Fang Ji) (6 fen)
Minii Preparatum (Qian Dan) (6 fen, finely ground)
Pound and sieve the above four ingredients into powder. After each meal, mix with 1 he of vinegar and 2 he of water, and take one fang cun bi of the powder. Take three times daily. Force oneself to drink water; shortly after, one will feel aversion to water and no longer desire to drink. (Tao Hongjing's Guang Ji, Wen Zhong's edition, and Qian Jin Yi Fang have the same content, with slight differences in dosages, from Volume 10)