阴阳者是气于血也。气者卫也。血者荣也。荣行脉中。卫行脉外。相并周流。循环
无端。莫知其纪。一日一夜一百刻。凡气行一万三千五百息。脉行八百一十丈。是其常也。
气为阳热。滞于气。固无寒滞也。血为阴寒。滞于血。固无热滞也。气得热则行速而太过。
血得寒则凝迟而不及。人之居处。七情之偏。五
味之过。六气之胜。感之则气血凝塞。隧道不通。升降有妨。运化失宜。如气为滞则津液
稠粘。为饮为痰。渗入脉内。血为所乱。因而为泣。或为沸腾。此阴滞于阳也。正是血滞
于气也则为疽也。如血为滞。隧道壅塞日增。溢出脉外。升降有碍。运化失令。此阳滞于阴
也。正是气滞于血也。则为壅也。病分寒热者。是人素禀之偏。虚邪杂染。岂可以阳为热。
阴为寒耶。浮洪弦数者。乃气病之脉。岂可遽作热论。沉细弱涩。乃血病之脉。岂可遽作
寒论。虽万病莫越于此。岂止痈疽疔肿乎。余熟推评至此悉矣。
夫疮之五善者。即疮之五吉也。七恶者。即疮之七凶也。五吉见三则瘥。七凶见四则危。
言其一善者。动息自宁。饮食如常是也。二善者。便利调匀。无诸痛苦也。三善者。服药
灵应。肿消脓少是也。四善者。神气清爽。语音清亮是也。五善者。气体和平。起居如旧
是也。一恶者。烦躁渴甚。腹痛时嗽。泄利无度。小便如淋是也。二恶者。脓血大泻。肿
痛甚腐臭
坏。广烂难禁是也。三恶者。喘粗短气。恍惚嗜卧是也。四恶者。黑睛紧小。白睛青赤。
斜视或上视也。五恶者。四肢不便。神昏色暗也。六恶者。不能饮食。亦不能服药。口不
知味也。七恶者。声嘶色败。面浮肢肿。唇鼻青黑。滞气也。然疮有七恶。而观其皮肤紧
急。脉无止数。微有神气善能会调摄者。亦可保其生命。此凶中变吉也。然疮虽有五善。
见其皮肤肉缓。又不能善会调养。多欲多劳。亦伤生命。此吉内生凶。后学人不可不知也矣。
阴阳，指的是气与血的关系。气属于卫气。血属于营气。营气运行在脉管之中。卫气运行在脉管之外。二者相互结合，周流全身，循环往复，没有尽头，难以计数。一昼夜共一百刻。气在一昼夜中运行一万三千五百息。血脉在一昼夜中运行八百一十丈。这是正常的生理状态。
气具有阳热的性质。如果气发生阻滞，必然表现为寒性阻滞。血具有阴寒的性质。如果血发生阻滞，必然表现为热性阻滞。气遇到热则运行加速而太过；血遇到寒则凝滞迟缓而不及。人的居住环境、七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）的偏颇、五味的过度摄入、六气（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）的胜复，一旦感受邪气，就会导致气血凝塞，经络隧道不通，升降功能受阻，运化功能失常。例如，气若被阻滞，津液就会变得稠粘，形成饮邪或痰饮，渗入脉内，扰乱血液，导致血液泣滞不行，或者沸腾妄行。这就是阴气阻滞于阳气之中，正是血滞于气，从而形成疽病。如果血被阻滞，经络隧道日益壅塞，血液溢出脉外，升降受到阻碍，运化失去常度。这就是阳气阻滞于阴血之中，正是气滞于血，从而形成壅肿。疾病分为寒证和热证，是因为人体素禀体质有偏颇，加上虚邪杂染，怎么能简单地认为阳就是热、阴就是寒呢？脉象浮、洪、弦、数，是气病的脉象，怎么能立刻断定是热证？脉象沉、细、弱、涩，是血病的脉象，怎么能立刻断定是寒证？虽然万病都不超出这个范围，但岂止是痈疽疔肿这些病呢？我仔细推究评论至此，已经非常详尽了。
所谓疮疡的五善，就是疮疡的五种吉兆。七恶，就是疮疡的七种凶兆。出现三种吉兆则病情好转。出现四种凶兆则病情危重。说第一种善症：呼吸平稳安宁，饮食如常。第二种善症：大小便调匀，没有各种痛苦。第三种善症：服药后疗效显著，肿胀消退，脓液减少。第四种善症：神气清爽，语音清亮。第五种善症：身体气息平和，起居如旧。
第一种恶症：烦躁口渴严重，腹痛时常咳嗽，泄泻无度，小便像淋证一样涩痛。第二种恶症：脓血大量排出，肿痛剧烈，腐烂发臭，溃烂面积广泛难以控制。第三种恶症：气喘粗重，短气，神志恍惚，嗜睡。第四种恶症：黑睛紧缩变小，白睛呈现青色或赤色，眼球斜视或向上凝视。第五种恶症：四肢活动不便，神志昏迷，面色晦暗。第六种恶症：不能进食，也不能服药，口不知味。第七种恶症：声音嘶哑，神色败坏，面部浮肿，肢体肿胀，嘴唇鼻子青黑，气机滞涩。然而，疮疡虽然有七种恶症，但如果观察患者皮肤紧绷，脉搏虽快但没有歇止，尚存一点神气且善于调养，也可以保全生命。这是从凶险中转为吉祥。然而，疮疡虽然有五种善症，但如果看到患者皮肤肌肉松弛，又不能善于调养，多欲多劳，也会损伤生命。这是从吉祥中生发凶险，后来的学者不可不知道啊。
Yin and Yang refer to the relationship between Qi (Vital Energy) and Blood. Qi corresponds to Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). Blood corresponds to Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi). Ying Qi circulates within the vessels. Wei Qi circulates outside the vessels. They combine and flow throughout the body, circulating endlessly without a fixed beginning or end, making them difficult to count. In one day and night, there are one hundred ke (time units). Qi circulates 13,500 breaths (xi) in this period. The vessels circulate 810 zhang (a unit of length) in this period. This is the normal physiological state.
Qi possesses the nature of Yang and Heat. If Qi becomes stagnant, it inevitably manifests as Cold stagnation. Blood possesses the nature of Yin and Cold. If Blood becomes stagnant, it inevitably manifests as Heat stagnation. When Qi encounters Heat, its movement accelerates excessively. When Blood encounters Cold, it coagulates and moves slowly, failing to reach its destination. Factors such as living environment, emotional imbalances (Seven Emotions: Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Sorrow, Fear, Fright), excessive intake of Five Flavors, and pathogenic influences of Six Qi (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) can cause Qi and Blood to coagulate and block, leading to obstruction of the meridians and collaterals. This hinders ascending and descending functions and disrupts transformation and transportation. For instance, if Qi is stagnant, body fluids become thick and sticky, forming Yin fluid or Phlegm, which seep into the vessels, disturbing the Blood. This causes Blood to stagnate or boil recklessly. This is Yin stagnating within Yang, specifically Blood stagnating within Qi, resulting in Ju (deep-seated abscesses/necrosis). Conversely, if Blood is stagnant, the meridians and collaterals become increasingly obstructed, causing Blood to extravasate from the vessels. This hinders ascending and descending functions and disrupts transformation and transportation. This is Yang stagnating within Yin, specifically Qi stagnating within Blood, resulting in Yong (swelling/abscesses). Diseases are classified into Cold and Heat patterns due to individual constitutional predispositions and mixed pathogenic factors. One cannot simply equate Yang with Heat and Yin with Cold. Pulse characteristics such as Floating, Surging, String-taut, and Rapid belong to Qi diseases; they cannot be immediately diagnosed as Heat patterns. Pulse characteristics such as Deep, Fine, Weak, and Choppy belong to Blood diseases; they cannot be immediately diagnosed as Cold patterns. Although all diseases fall within this framework, it applies not only to carbuncles, sores, and furuncles. I have carefully deduced and commented on this matter exhaustively.
The "Five Goods" (Wu Shan) of sores refer to five auspicious signs indicating a favorable prognosis. The "Seven Evils" (Qi E) refer to seven ominous signs indicating a poor prognosis. If three of the Good signs appear, the condition will improve. If four of the Evil signs appear, the condition becomes critical. The first Good sign is calm breathing and regular appetite. The second Good sign is regular bowel movements and urination, free from pain. The third Good sign is effective response to medication, with reduced swelling and pus. The fourth Good sign is clear spirit and bright voice. The fifth Good sign is balanced physical energy and normal daily routine.
The first Evil sign is severe irritability and thirst, abdominal pain with occasional coughing, uncontrolled diarrhea, and dysuria resembling strangury. The second Evil sign is profuse discharge of pus and blood, severe swelling and pain, foul-smelling necrosis, and extensive ulceration that is difficult to contain. The third Evil sign is coarse and rapid breathing, shortness of breath, mental confusion, and lethargy. The fourth Evil sign is constriction of the black pupil, cyanosis or erythema of the white sclera, strabismus, or upward gaze. The fifth Evil sign is immobility of the limbs, coma, and dark complexion. The sixth Evil sign is inability to eat or take medicine, and loss of taste sensation. The seventh Evil sign is hoarseness, deteriorated complexion, facial edema, limb swelling, cyanosis of the lips and nose, and Qi stagnation. However, even if a sore presents with the Seven Evils, if the skin is tight, the pulse is rapid but without intermittent pauses, and the patient retains some Shen Spirit (Spirit/Mind) and practices proper self-care, life can still be preserved. This represents a transformation from Ominous to Auspicious. Conversely, even if a sore presents with the Five Goods, if the skin and muscles are lax, the patient fails to practice proper care, indulges in desires, and overworks, life may still be endangered. This represents the generation of Ominous outcomes from an Auspicious base. Students of later generations must be aware of this.