夫时气病者。是春时应暖而反寒。夏时应热而反冷。秋时应凉而反热。冬时应寒而反温
非其时而有其气。是以一
岁之中。病无少长皆相似者。此则时行之气也。从春分后。其中
无大寒不冰雪。而人有壮热为病者。此则属春时阳气。发于冬时伏寒。变为温病也。从春分
后至秋分前。天有暴寒者。皆为时行伤寒。此是节候有寒伤于人。非触冒之过也。若三月四
月有暴寒。其时阳气尚弱。为寒所折。病热犹轻也。五月六月阳气已盛。为寒所折。病热则
重也。
夫时气病。一日太阳受病。太阳为三阳之首。而主于头项。故得病一日。头项腰脊皆痛
也。
治时气一日头痛壮热。四肢烦疼。宜服解肌散方。
麻黄（一两去根节） 川升麻（一两） 赤芍药（一两） 石膏（一两） 贝齿（三枚）
甘草（
半两炙微赤锉） 杏仁（一两汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服五钱。以水一大盏。入生姜半分。枣三枚。煎至五分。去滓
。不计时候。热服。衣覆取汗。
治时气一日。头痛壮热。骨节疼痛。宜服桂枝散方。
桂枝（三分） 黄芩（三分） 麻黄（三分去根节） 石膏（一两）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服五钱。以水一大盏。入生姜半分。枣三枚。煎至六分。去滓
。不计时候。热服。衣覆取汗。
治时气一日。头项腰脊痛。恶寒。宜服解表石膏散方。
石膏〔三（二）两〕 豉（二合） 麻黄（一两去根节） 葛根（二两锉） 白术（二
两） 桂心
（一两） 白芷（一两） 芎 （一两） 当归（一两锉微炒）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服五钱。以水一大盏。入生姜半分。枣三枚。煎至五分。去滓
。不计时候。热服。衣覆取汗。
治时气一日。壮热。心神烦躁。头痛。四肢不利。宜服葛根散方。
葛根（锉） 赤芍药 麻黄（去根节） 黄芩 石膏（以上各一两） 大青（半两） 甘
草（半
两炙微赤锉）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服五钱。以水一大盏。入生姜半分。枣三枚。煎至五分。去滓
。不计时候。热服。衣覆取汗。
治时气一日。头痛壮热方。
上取生葛根。净洗。捣取汁一大盏。内豉一合。煎至六分。去豉。不计时候。分为二服
有汗即瘥。未得汗。即再服。若心中热。加栀子仁十枚。内葛根汁中同煎。去滓。服之。
治时气一日。初觉。便宜发汗方。
麻黄（二两去根节）
上以水三大盏。煮麻黄。去沫。取汁一盏半。去滓。后入米一匙。豉汁二合。煮为稀粥
。不计时候。顿服。衣覆取汗。
所谓时气病，是指春季应当温暖却反而寒冷，夏季应当炎热却反而凉爽，秋季应当清凉却反而炎热，冬季应当寒冷却反而温暖。在非其时的季节出现了相应的气候异常，因此在一年的时间内，无论年龄大小，患病症状都相似，这就是时行之气（流行性气候致病因素）。从春分之后，如果没有大寒冰雪，而有人出现高热病症，这属于春季的阳气激发了冬季潜伏的寒邪，从而转变为温病。从春分后到秋分前，如果天气突然变冷，都属于时行伤寒，这是节令寒气伤人所致，并非因为个人不慎触冒风寒造成的。如果在三月、四月遇到突发寒冷，此时阳气尚弱，被寒气遏制，所以发热病情较轻；如果在五月、六月遇到突发寒冷，此时阳气已盛，被寒气遏制，所以发热病情较重。
时气病在第一天，太阳经受邪。太阳经是三阳经之首，主要主管头项部位，所以发病第一天，会出现头项及腰脊疼痛的症状。
治疗时气病第一天的头痛、高热、四肢烦痛，适宜服用解肌散方。
药材：麻黄（一两，去根节）、川升麻（一两）、赤芍药（一两）、石膏（一两）、贝齿（三枚）、甘草（半两，炙至微红并切碎）、杏仁（一两，热水浸泡去皮尖及双仁，麸炒至微黄）。
制法与用法：将上述药物捣碎过粗罗筛成散剂。每次服用五钱，加水一大盏，放入生姜半分、大枣三枚，煎煮至剩余五分药液，滤去药渣。不限时候，趁热服用，服药后覆盖衣被以取汗。
治疗时气病第一天，头痛、高热、骨节疼痛，适宜服用桂枝散方。
药材：桂枝（三分）、黄芩（三分）、麻黄（三分，去根节）、石膏（一两）。
制法与用法：将上述药物捣碎过粗罗筛成散剂。每次服用五钱，加水一大盏，放入生姜半分、大枣三枚，煎煮至剩余六分药液，滤去药渣。不限时候，趁热服用，服药后覆盖衣被以取汗。
治疗时气病第一天，头项腰脊疼痛、恶寒，适宜服用解表石膏散方。
药材：石膏（三两）、豉（二合）、麻黄（一两，去根节）、葛根（二两，切碎）、白术（二两）、桂心（一两）、白芷（一两）、川芎（一两）、当归（一两，切碎微炒）。
制法与用法：将上述药物捣碎过粗罗筛成散剂。每次服用五钱，加水一大盏，放入生姜半分、大枣三枚，煎煮至剩余五分药液，滤去药渣。不限时候，趁热服用，服药后覆盖衣被以取汗。
治疗时气病第一天，高热、心神烦躁、头痛、四肢活动不利，适宜服用葛根散方。
药材：葛根（切碎）、赤芍药、麻黄（去根节）、黄芩、石膏（以上各一两）、大青（半两）、甘草（半两，炙至微红并切碎）。
制法与用法：将上述药物捣碎过粗罗筛成散剂。每次服用五钱，加水一大盏，放入生姜半分、大枣三枚，煎煮至剩余五分药液，滤去药渣。不限时候，趁热服用，服药后覆盖衣被以取汗。
治疗时气病第一天的头痛、高热方。
制法与用法：取新鲜葛根，洗净，捣烂取汁一大盏，加入豆豉一合，煎煮至剩余六分药液，滤去豆豉。不限时候，分为两次服用。若有汗出则病愈；若未出汗，则再次服用。若心中烦热，加栀子仁十枚，与葛根汁一同煎煮，滤去药渣，服用。
治疗时气病第一天，刚察觉不适，适宜立即发汗方。
药材：麻黄（二两，去根节）。
制法与用法：用水三大盏，煮麻黄，去除浮沫，取汁一盏半，滤去药渣。随后加入米一匙、豆豉汁二合，煮成稀粥。不限时候，一次性服下，服药后覆盖衣被以取汗。
The so-called "Shiqi Bing" (Seasonal Epidemic Disease) refers to conditions where spring should be warm but is cold, summer should be hot but is cool, autumn should be cool but is hot, and winter should be cold but is warm. When the climate does not correspond to the season, it causes illnesses throughout the year that are similar in symptoms regardless of age or gender; this is due to the "Shixing Zhi Qi" (Epidemic Climate Pathogenic Factor). After the Spring Equinox, if there is no severe cold or ice/snow, yet people suffer from high fever, this belongs to the Yang Qi of spring stimulating latent cold pathogens from winter, transforming into "Wen Bing" (Warm Disease). From after the Spring Equinox to before the Autumn Equinox, sudden cold weather constitutes "Shixing Shanghan" (Seasonal Epidemic Cold Damage); this is caused by seasonal cold injuring the human body, not merely due to personal negligence in avoiding wind and cold. If sudden cold occurs in the third or fourth lunar months, when Yang Qi is still weak and suppressed by cold, the feverish illness is mild. If sudden cold occurs in the fifth or sixth lunar months, when Yang Qi is already abundant but suppressed by cold, the feverish illness is severe.
In the first day of Shiqi Bing, the Taiyang Meridian (Taiyang Channel) is affected. As the head of the Three Yang channels, it governs the head and neck; thus, on the first day of illness, pain occurs in the head, neck, waist, and spine.
For treating headache, high fever, and painful limbs on the first day of Shiqi Bing, Jieji San (Muscle-Relieving Powder) is suitable.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (1 liang, remove root nodes), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Chuan Shengma, 川升麻) (1 liang), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao, 赤芍药) (1 liang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (1 liang), Dentalis Testis (Beichi, 贝齿) (3 pieces), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (0.5 liang, honey-fried until slightly red and chopped), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁) (1 liang, soaked in hot water, skin and tip removed, double-kernel bran-fried until slightly yellow).
Preparation and Administration: Crush the above herbs and sieve through a coarse mesh to make a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1 zhen of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, and 3 jujubes. Decoct until 0.5 zhen remains, strain, and drink hot at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweating.
For treating headache, high fever, and bone/joint pain on the first day of Shiqi Bing, Guizhi San (Cinnamon Twig Powder) is suitable.
Ingredients: Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) (3 fen), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) (3 fen), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (3 fen, remove root nodes), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Crush the above herbs and sieve through a coarse mesh to make a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1 zhen of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, and 3 jujubes. Decoct until 0.6 zhen remains, strain, and drink hot at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweating.
For treating headache, neck/waist/spine pain, and aversion to cold on the first day of Shiqi Bing, Jiabiao Shigao San (Exterior-Resolving Gypsum Powder) is suitable.
Ingredients: Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (2-3 liang), Sojae Preparata (Chi, 豉) (2 he), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (1 liang, remove root nodes), Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (2 liang, chopped), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) (2 liang), Cinnamomi Cortex (Guixin, 桂心) (1 liang), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, 白芷) (1 liang), Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Xiong, 川芎) (1 liang), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 当归) (1 liang, chopped and lightly fried).
Preparation and Administration: Crush the above herbs and sieve through a coarse mesh to make a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1 zhen of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, and 3 jujubes. Decoct until 0.5 zhen remains, strain, and drink hot at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweating.
For treating high fever, mental restlessness, headache, and limb stiffness on the first day of Shiqi Bing, Gegen San (Kudzu Root Powder) is suitable.
Ingredients: Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (chopped), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao, 赤芍药), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (remove root nodes), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (1 liang each), Qingdai (Daqing, 大青) (0.5 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (0.5 liang, honey-fried until slightly red and chopped).
Preparation and Administration: Crush the above herbs and sieve through a coarse mesh to make a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1 zhen of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, and 3 jujubes. Decoct until 0.5 zhen remains, strain, and drink hot at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweating.
For treating headache and high fever on the first day of Shiqi Bing:
Preparation and Administration: Take fresh Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 葛根), wash clean, crush, and extract 1 zhen of juice. Add Sojae Preparata (Chi, 豉) (1 he) and decoct until 0.6 zhen remains. Strain out the Chi. Divide into two doses to be taken at any time. If sweat appears, the disease resolves. If no sweat, take again. If there is heat in the heart/chest, add ten Gardenia seeds (Zhizi Ren, 栀子仁) and decoct together with the Gegen juice. Strain and take.
For treating Shiqi Bing on the first day, immediately upon initial sensation, a diaphoretic formula is suitable:
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (2 liang, remove root nodes).
Preparation and Administration: Use 3 zhen of water to boil Mahuang, skim off the foam, and collect 1.5 zhen of juice. Strain. Then add one spoonful of rice and 2 he of Sojae Preparata juice, and cook into a thin porridge. Take all at once at any time. Cover with clothing to induce sweating.