薛主斋曰∶徐用诚云,带下白属气,赤属血。东垣云,血崩久则亡阳,故白滑之物下流,未必全拘于带脉。
窃谓前证,或因六淫七情,或因醉饱房劳,或因膏粱浓味,或燥剂所致,脾胃亏损,阳气下陷,或湿痰下注,
蕴积而成,故言带也。凡此皆当壮脾胃升阳为主,佐以各经见证之药。色青属肝,小柴胡加山栀、防风。湿热
壅滞,小便赤涩,龙胆泻肝汤。肝血不足,或燥热风热,六味丸。色赤属心,小柴胡加黄连、山栀、当归。思
虑过伤,妙香散。色白属肺,补中汤加山栀。色黄属脾,六君子加山栀、柴胡;不应,用归脾汤。色黑属肾,
六味丸。气血俱虚,八珍汤。阳气下陷,补中汤。湿痰下注,补中加茯苓、半夏、苍术、黄柏。气虚痰饮下注,
四七汤送六味丸。不可拘肥人多痰,瘦人多火,而以燥湿泻火之药轻治之也。
慎斋按∶以上七条,序治带下之大法也。带下有寒冷湿热虚实之不同,故诸家治法,有攻下温补之不一。如
子和、太无、洁古,用攻下之法也。丹溪、约之、宗浓,用攻补兼施之法也。至杨仁斋、薛立斋,以浓脾壮胃
立论,与东垣、仲淳之旨,为共贯矣。吴梅坡以补肾固本为治,与养葵之旨,有先得矣。此皆探本穷源之学,
与张、刘之燥湿清热,丹溪之消痰升涩,又有标本内外之殊。读者当会通之。
薛主斋说:徐用诚认为,白带属于气分病变,赤带属于血分病变。李东垣说,血崩日久会导致亡阳,因此白滑的分泌物下流,未必完全局限于带脉(环绕腰腹、约束诸经的经脉)的病机。
我私下认为,上述证候,可能是因为六淫(风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪)或七情(喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊七种情志变化),也可能是因为醉酒饱食或房劳过度,或者是由于饮食过于肥甘厚味,以及服用燥烈药物所致。这些因素导致脾胃亏损,阳气下陷,或者湿痰下注,蕴结积聚而成,所以称为“带下”。凡此种种,都应当以补益脾胃、升举阳气为主,辅以针对各经见证的药物。若颜色发青,属肝经病变,用小柴胡汤加山栀、防风;若湿热壅滞,小便赤涩,用龙胆泻肝汤;若肝血不足,或有燥热风热,用六味丸;若颜色发赤,属心经病变,用小柴胡汤加黄连、山栀、当归;若思虑过度损伤心神,用妙香散;若颜色发白,属肺经病变,用补中益气汤加山栀;若颜色发黄,属脾经病变,用六君子汤加山栀、柴胡;若无效,用归脾汤;若颜色发黑,属肾经病变,用六味丸;若气血俱虚,用八珍汤;若阳气下陷,用补中益气汤;若湿痰下注,在补中益气汤基础上加茯苓、半夏、苍术、黄柏;若气虚导致痰饮下注,用四七汤送服六味丸。不可拘泥于“肥人多痰,瘦人多火”的说法,而轻易使用燥湿或泻火的药物治疗。
慎斋按语:以上七条,是论述治疗带下病的大法。带下有寒冷、湿热、虚、实等不同性质,所以各家治法,有攻下、温补等不一。如张子和、太无、洁古,采用攻下的方法。朱丹溪、约之、宗浓,采用攻补兼施的方法。至于杨仁斋、薛立斋,以健脾壮胃为立论基础,与李东垣、缪仲淳的主旨,是一脉相承的。吴梅坡以补肾固本为治疗方法,与养葵的主旨,有先见之明。这些都是探求本源、穷尽源头的学问,与张元素、刘完素的燥湿清热,朱丹溪的消痰升提收敛,又有标本内外之别。读者应当融会贯通。
Xue Zhuzhai stated: Xu Yongcheng said that leukorrhea that is white belongs to Qi pathology, while that which is red belongs to Blood pathology. Li Dongyuan said that prolonged blood flooding (profuse uterine bleeding) leads to Yang collapse; therefore, the discharge of slippery white substances does not necessarily adhere strictly to the pathology of the Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel).
I humbly believe that the aforementioned syndromes may arise from the Six Excesses (Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) or Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Pensive anxiety, Sorrow, Fear, Fright), or from excessive drinking and overeating, sexual indiscretion, rich and greasy dietary habits, or the use of drying agents. These factors cause damage to the Spleen and Stomach, sinking of Yang Qi, or downward pouring of Damp-Phlegm, accumulating to form the condition known as "Leukorrhea." All such cases should be treated primarily by strengthening the Spleen and Stomach and raising Yang Qi, supplemented by herbs targeting the specific meridian manifestations. If the color is green, it relates to the Liver; use Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with Shan Zhi (Gardeniae Fructus) and Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix). If Damp-Heat is congested and stagnant, causing red and scanty urination, use Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction). If Liver Blood is insufficient, or there is Dryness-Wind or Wind-Heat, use Liu Wei Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). If the color is red, it relates to the Heart; use Xiao Chai Hu Tang with Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Shan Zhi, and Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix). If excessive pensive anxiety causes injury, use Miao Xiang San (Wonderful Fragrance Powder). If the color is white, it relates to the Lung; use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) with Shan Zhi. If the color is yellow, it relates to the Spleen; use Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six-Gentlemen Decoction) with Shan Zhi and Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix); if ineffective, use Gui Pi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction). If the color is black, it relates to the Kidney; use Liu Wei Wan. If both Qi and Blood are deficient, use Ba Zhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction). If Yang Qi is sinking, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. If Damp-Phlegm pours downward, add Fu Ling (Poria), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), and Huang Bai (Phellodendri Cortex) to Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. If Qi deficiency leads to Phlegm-Fluid pouring downward, use Si Qi Tang (Four-Seven Decoction) to administer Liu Wei Wan. One must not rigidly adhere to the notion that "fat people have much Phlegm, thin people have much Fire," and thus lightly treat them with drying-dampness or draining-fire herbs.
Shenzhai’s commentary: The above seven points outline the general principles for treating leukorrhea. Leukorrhea varies in nature into Cold-Damp, Damp-Heat, Deficiency, and Excess; hence, various schools’ treatments differ between purgation, warming, and tonification. For instance, He Jianzi (Zhang Hehe), Taiwu, and Jiegu (Jin Suo) employed purgative methods. Danxi (Zhu Zhenheng), Yuozhi, and Zongnong used a combination of attacking and tonifying. Regarding Yang Renzhai and Xue Lizhai, they established their theories on strengthening the Spleen and Stomach, aligning with the principles of Dongyuan (Li Dongyuan) and Zhongchun (Miao Fu). Wu Meipo treated by tonifying the Kidney and consolidating the root, anticipating the ideas of Yangkui. These all represent profound scholarship that explores the root and source. They differ in terms of root vs. branch and interior vs. exterior from the drying-dampness and clearing-heat approaches of Zhang Yuansu and Liu Wansu, and Danxi’s phlegm-resolving, ascending, and astringing methods. Readers should integrate these concepts comprehensively.