李氏曰∶心主血，故以色红为正，虽不对期，而色正者易调。其色紫者，风也，四物加荆、防、白芷。黑
者热甚也，四物加芩、连、香附。淡白者虚也，有挟痰停水以混之，芎归汤加参、 、白芍、香附。有痰者，二
陈加芎、归。如烟尘水，如屋漏水者，二陈加秦艽、防风、苍术。如豆汁者，四物加芩、连。或带黄混浊者，
湿痰也。成块作片色不变者，气滞也，四物加香附、胡索、枳壳、陈皮。色变紫黑者，血热也。
慎斋按∶以上七条，序经水有先期过期之候，有属热属寒之分，有色黑色淡之辨，凡此皆经候不调之所属
也。
陈良甫曰∶经来腹痛，由风冷客于胞络冲任，或伤手太阳、手少阴二经，用温经汤加桂枝、桃仁。若忧思
气郁而血滞，用桂枝桃仁汤、地黄通经丸。若血结成块，用万病丸。
滑伯仁曰∶有经行前脐腹绞痛如刺，寒热交作，下如黑豆汁，两尺沉涩，余皆弦急，此由下焦寒湿之邪，
抟于冲任。冲为血海，任主胞胎，为妇人之血室。经事来，邪与血争，故作 痛。寒湿生浊，下如豆汁，宜治
下焦，以辛散苦温血药治之。
王海藏曰∶经事欲行，脐腹绞痛者，血涩也，宜八物汤加木香、槟榔、胡索、苦楝。
朱丹溪曰∶经将行腹痛，属气之滞，用香附、青皮、桃仁、胡索、黄连，又用抑气散、四物加胡索、丹皮、
条芩。又曰∶经将来，腹中阵痛，乍作乍止者，血热气实也，四物加黄连、丹皮。
李氏说：心主司血液，所以经血色红为正常，即使月经周期不准，只要颜色正常就容易调理。经血颜色紫的，是风邪所致，用四物汤加入荆芥、防风、白芷。颜色黑的，是热邪极盛，用四物汤加入黄芩、黄连、香附。颜色淡白的，是虚证，若有痰湿或停水混杂其中，用芎归汤加入人参、（此处原文缺字，通常指黄芪或茯苓等补气健脾药，依语境暂略或补全为补气药）、白芍、香附。有痰湿的，用二陈汤加入川芎、当归。经血像烟尘混水、像屋顶漏水的，用二陈汤加入秦艽、防风、苍术。像豆汁一样的，用四物汤加入黄芩、黄连。或者夹杂黄色且浑浊的，是湿痰所致。结成块状、片状而颜色不变的，是气滞，用四物汤加入香附、延胡索、枳壳、陈皮。颜色变为紫黑的，是血热。
慎斋按语：以上七条，叙述了月经先期或后期的情况，有属于热证或寒证的区分，有色黑、色淡的辨别，凡此种种都属于月经不调的范畴。
《甲乙经》说：女子胞中有癥瘕，子门受寒，牵引膝盖和大腿，取水道穴主治。
陈良甫说：经期腹痛，是因为风寒冷邪客居于胞络和冲任二脉，或者损伤手太阳、手少阴两条经脉，使用温经汤加入桂枝、桃仁。如果是忧思导致气机郁结而血行阻滞，使用桂枝桃仁汤、地黄通经丸。如果血液凝结成块，使用万病丸。
滑伯仁说：有人在月经来潮前脐腹绞痛如针刺，寒热交替发作，经血下行如黑豆汁，两尺脉沉涩，其余脉象弦急，这是由下焦寒湿之邪，搏结于冲任二脉所致。冲脉为血海，任脉主胞胎，是妇女的血室。月经来时，邪气与血液相争，所以作痛。寒湿产生浊气，下行如豆汁，应当治疗下焦，用辛散苦温的活血药物治疗。
王海藏说：月经将要来潮时，脐腹绞痛的，是血行涩滞，适宜用八物汤加入木香、槟榔、延胡索、苦楝。
朱丹溪说：月经即将来潮时腹痛，属于气滞，使用香附、青皮、桃仁、延胡索、黄连，又使用抑气散、四物汤加入延胡索、丹皮、黄芩。又说：月经将来时，腹中阵发性疼痛，忽作忽止的，是血热气实，用四物汤加入黄连、丹皮。
Li stated: The Heart governs blood, so a red color is considered normal. Even if the cycle is irregular, if the color is normal, it is easy to regulate. A purple color indicates wind pathogen; add Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) to Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction). A black color indicates extreme heat; add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Lianzi (Coptidis Rhizoma), and Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma) to Siwu Tang. A pale white color indicates deficiency; if mixed with phlegm-dampness or retained water, use Xionggui Tang (Ligusticum and Angelica Decoction) added with Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), [missing character in original, likely Qihuangqi or similar], Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), and Xiangfu. If there is phlegm, use Erchen Tang (Two Aged Things Decoction) added with Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix). If the discharge resembles muddy water or roof leakage, use Erchen Tang added with Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma). If it resembles bean juice, use Siwu Tang added with Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Lianzi (Coptidis Rhizoma). If it is yellowish and turbid, it is due to damp-phlegm. Clots forming pieces without color change indicate qi stagnation; add Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Yuhu (Curcumae Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) to Siwu Tang. A color changing to purple-black indicates blood-heat.
Shen Zhai commented: The above seven points describe conditions of early or delayed menstruation, distinctions between heat and cold patterns, and differences in dark or pale colors. All these belong to the category of irregular menstruation.
The Jia Yi Jing states: When a woman has masses in the uterus and cold at the vaginal opening, causing pain radiating to the patella and thigh, Shuidao (ST28) is indicated for treatment.
Chen Liangfu stated: Abdominal pain during menstruation is caused by wind-cold pathogens invading the uterine collaterals and the Chong and Ren vessels, or damaging the Hand-Taiyang and Hand-Shaoyin meridians. Use Wenjing Tang (Warming the Meridian Decoction) added with Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and Taoren (Prunus Persica Seed). If sorrow and worry cause qi depression and blood stasis, use Guizhi Tao Ren Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Peach Kernel Decoction) or Dihuang Tongjing Wan (Rehmannia Menstruation-Unblocking Pill). If blood coagulates into clots, use Wanbing Wan (Ten Thousand Diseases Pill).
Hua Borén stated: Some women experience colicky, stabbing pain in the umbilical and abdominal region before menstruation, accompanied by alternating chills and fever, and dark bean-jice-like discharge. The radial pulses at both chi positions are deep and choppy, while other pulses are wiry and urgent. This is caused by cold-damp pathogens from the lower jiao binding with the Chong and Ren vessels. The Chong vessel is the Sea of Blood, and the Ren vessel governs conception and pregnancy; together they constitute the blood chamber of women. During menstruation, the pathogen contends with the blood, causing pain. Cold-damp generates turbidity, leading to discharge resembling bean juice. Treatment should focus on the lower jiao using acrid-dispersing and bitter-warm blood-invigorating herbs.
Wang Haicang stated: Colicky pain in the umbilical and abdominal region just before menstruation indicates sluggish blood flow. Bawu Tang (Eight Substances Decoction) added with Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Yuhu (Curcumae Radix), and Koushen (Meliae Cortex) is appropriate.
Zhu Danxi stated: Abdominal pain just before menstruation belongs to qi stagnation. Use Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Taoren (Prunus Persica Seed), Yuhu (Curcumae Radix), and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma). Also use Yiqi San (Qi-Suppressing Powder) or Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Yuhu (Curcumae Radix), Danpi (Moutan Cortex), and Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix). He also stated: Intermittent abdominal pain that comes and goes just before menstruation indicates blood-heat and qi excess. Use Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Danpi (Moutan Cortex).