疗妊娠尿不知出时，胎满故也。宜服白薇散。
白薇 芍药（各一两）
上为细末，温酒调二钱。
又方∶白矾 牡蛎（等分）
上为细末，温酒调二钱。（亦可治男子）
又方∶用鸡毛灰，末之，酒调方寸匕。（亦见第八卷第四论）
论妊娠尿血者，由劳伤经络，有热在内，热乘于血，血得热则流溢、渗入脬，故令尿血
也。
疗妊娠卒下血及子淋方。（三方并出《外台》）
葵子（一升，研）
上以水五升，煮取二升，分温三服。
又方艾叶酒
生艾叶（一斤，研，冬用茎，干者亦得）
上以酒五升，煮取二升，分三服。
又方地黄酒
生地黄（一升，切）
上以酒四升，煮取二升，分温三服。亦疗落身后血。
续断汤 治妊娠下血及尿血。
当归 生地黄（各一两） 续断（半两） 赤芍药（一分）
上为末，空心，葱白煎汤调下二钱。
疗妊娠尿血。熟地黄汤。
阿胶 熟地黄
上各等分为细末，空心，粥饮调二钱。
（《产乳集》养子论附）
《产宝》论曰∶夫妊娠肿满，由脏气本弱，因产重虚，土不克水，血散入四肢，遂致
腹胀，手足、面目皆浮肿，小便秘涩。陈无择云∶凡妇人宿有风寒、冷湿，妊娠喜脚肿，俗
呼为皱脚。亦有通身肿满，心腹急胀，名曰胎水。
论曰∶凡妊娠之人，无使气极。若心静气和，则胎气安稳；若中风寒邪气及有所触犯，
则随邪而生病也。凡妊娠，经血壅闭以养胎。若忽然虚肿，乃胎中挟水，水血相搏。脾胃
恶湿，主身之肌肉。湿渍气弱，则肌肉虚；水气流溢，故令身肿满也。然其由有自，或因泄
泻下痢，脏腑虚滑，耗损脾胃；或因寒热疟疾，烦渴引饮太过，湿渍脾胃，皆能使头面或手
足浮肿也。然水渍于胞，儿未成形，则胎多损坏。及其临产日脚微肿，乃胞脏水少血多，水
出于外，故现微肿，则易生也。宿有寒气，因寒冷所触，故能令腹胀肿满也。
《产乳集》养子论
妊娠自三月成胎之后，两足自脚面渐肿腿膝以来，行步艰辛，以至喘闷，饮食不美，似
水气状。至于脚指间有黄水出者，谓之子气，直至分娩方消。此由妇人素有风气，或冲任经
有血风，未可妄投汤药。亦恐大段甚者，虑将产之际费力，有不测之忧，故不可不治于未产
之前也。古方论中少有言者。按《名医录》云∶宋少主元徽与徐文伯微行学针法，文伯见一
娠妇足肿不能行。少主脉之，此女形也。文伯诊之曰∶此男胎也，在左则胎黑色。少主怒欲
破之，文伯恻然曰∶臣请针之。胎遂堕，男形而色黑。此妊娠足肿之说见于古者。今《巢氏
病源》中，但有子烦之论，《千金》并《产宝》亦略言之。刘禹锡《续传广信方》以谓妊妇
有水气而成胎，《太平圣惠》亦言之，皆非也。元丰中，淮南陈景初，名医也，独有方论治
此病。方名初谓之香附散，李伯时易名曰天仙藤散也。
治疗妊娠期间小便不通的症状，这是因为胎儿胀满压迫所致。适宜服用白薇散。
白薇、芍药（各一两）
将上述药材研成细末，用温酒调服二钱。
另一个方子：白矾、牡蛎（等量）
将上述药材研成细末，用温酒调服二钱。（此方也可用于治疗男性患者）
又一个方子：使用鸡毛灰，研成粉末，用酒调和，取一方寸匕的量服用。（此方也见于第八卷第四论）
论述妊娠尿血的原因，是由于劳累损伤经络，体内有热，热气侵袭血液，血液受热则流动溢出，渗入膀胱，从而导致尿血。
治疗妊娠突然下血及子淋的方剂。（以下三个方子均出自《外台秘要》）
葵子（一升，研磨）
用水五升，煮至取汁二升，分三次温服。
另一个方子：艾叶酒
生艾叶（一斤，研磨，冬季用茎，干品也可以）
用酒五升，煮至取汁二升，分三次服用。
又一个方子：地黄酒
生地黄（一升，切碎）
用酒四升，煮至取汁二升，分三次温服。此方也治疗产后恶露不尽之出血。
续断汤：治疗妊娠下血及尿血。
当归、生地黄（各一两）、续断（半两）、赤芍药（一分）
将上述药材研成粉末，空腹时，用葱白煎汤调服二钱。
治疗妊娠尿血的熟地黄汤。
阿胶、熟地黄
将上述药材各等分为细末，空腹时，用米粥饮调服二钱。
（出自《产乳集》养子论附）
《产宝》论述道：妊娠肿胀，是因为脏腑之气原本虚弱，加上生产后更加虚损，脾土不能克制肾水，血液散入四肢，导致腹部胀满，手足、面目全部浮肿，小便困难涩滞。陈无择说：凡是妇女素有风寒、冷湿邪气，怀孕后喜欢脚肿，俗称皱脚。也有全身肿胀，心腹急胀的，名叫胎水。
论述道：凡是孕妇，不要让情绪过于激动或气机郁结至极。如果心境平静、气息平和，那么胎气就会安稳；如果感受风寒风邪以及有所触犯，就会随着邪气而生病。大凡妊娠期间，经血闭止以滋养胎儿。如果忽然出现虚肿，乃是胎中挟带水湿，水与血相互搏结。脾胃厌恶湿气，主管身体的肌肉。湿气浸渍导致气弱，则肌肉虚弱；水流溢于肌肤，所以导致身体肿胀。然而其成因各有不同，有的因为腹泻痢疾，脏腑虚滑，耗损脾胃；有的因为寒热疟疾，烦渴饮水过多，湿气浸渍脾胃，都能导致头面或手足浮肿。然而如果水湿浸渍胞宫，胎儿尚未成形，则胎儿多会损坏。等到临产之日，脚部轻微肿胀，这是胞脏水少血多，水液出于体外，所以呈现轻微肿胀，这就容易分娩了。素来有寒气，因寒冷触动，所以能导致腹部胀满肿胀。
《产乳集》养子论
妊娠自三个月形成胎儿之后，双足从脚面逐渐肿胀至腿膝，行走艰难，甚至气喘胸闷，饮食不佳，症状类似水气病。直到脚趾间有黄水流出，称为子气，直到分娩才消退。这是由于妇人素来有风气，或者冲任经脉有血风，不可随意投予汤药。但也担心病情特别严重的，考虑到临产之际费力，可能有意外之忧，所以在未生产之前必须治疗。古代方论中很少有关于此病的记载。据《名医录》记载：宋少主元徽与徐文伯微服私访学习针灸法，徐文伯见到一位孕妇脚肿无法行走。少主为她诊脉，认为这是女胎。徐文伯诊断说：这是男胎，在左侧则胎儿呈黑色。少主愤怒想要打破它，徐文伯怜悯地说：请允许我针刺它。胎儿随即堕下，是男胎且颜色黑。这是妊娠足肿的说法见于古代的例证。如今《巢氏病源》中，只有子烦的论述，《千金方》和《产宝》也简略提及。刘禹锡《续传广信方》认为孕妇有水气而成胎，《太平圣惠方》也这样说，都不正确。元丰年间，淮南的陈景初，是一位名医，唯独他有方论治疗此病。方名起初叫香附散，李伯时改名为天仙藤散。
Treats the condition of inability to urinate during pregnancy, caused by the fullness of the fetus. It is suitable to take Baiwei San (White Violet Powder).
Baiwei (Radix Cynanchi Atrati), Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) (each 1 liang).
Grind the above into a fine powder, mix with warm wine, and take 2 qian.
Another prescription: Baifan (Alumen), Muli (Concha Ostreae) (equal parts).
Grind the above into a fine powder, mix with warm wine, and take 2 qian. (This can also be used to treat men.)
Yet another prescription: Use ash from chicken feathers, grind it into powder, mix with wine, and take one fangcun bi (a measure roughly equivalent to a square inch spoonful). (Also found in Volume 8, Discourse 4).
Regarding hematuria during pregnancy, it is caused by fatigue damaging the meridians, with heat residing internally. The heat affects the blood; when blood gets hot, it flows and overflows, seeping into the bladder (Pao), thus causing hematuria.
Prescriptions for sudden bleeding and Zi Lin (Stranguria of Pregnancy) during pregnancy. (The following three prescriptions are all from *Waitai Miyao*).
Kuizi (Abelmoschi Fructus, 1 sheng, ground).
Add 5 sheng of water, boil to obtain 2 sheng of decoction, divide into three warm doses.
Another prescription: Aiye Jiu (Mugwort Wine).
Sheng Aiye (Fresh Folium Artemisiae Argyi, 1 jin, ground; stems in winter, dried ones are also acceptable).
Add 5 sheng of wine, boil to obtain 2 sheng of liquid, divide into three doses.
Yet another prescription: Dihuang Jiu (Rehmannia Wine).
Sheng Dihuang (Fresh Radix Rehmanniae, 1 sheng, cut).
Add 4 sheng of wine, boil to obtain 2 sheng of liquid, divide into three warm doses. This also treats postpartum bleeding due to retained lochia.
Xuduan Tang (Teasel Root Decoction): Treats lower bleeding and hematuria during pregnancy.
Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Sheng Dihuang (Fresh Radix Rehmanniae) (each 1 liang); Xuduan (Radix Dipsaci, half liang); Chi Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra, 1 fen).
Grind the above into powder. On an empty stomach, take 2 qian mixed with decoction made from white parts of scallion (Congbai).
Shudihuang Tang (Prepared Rehmannia Decoction): Treats hematuria during pregnancy.
Ejiao (Corium Corii Asini), Shudihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata).
Grind each into equal parts as a fine powder. On an empty stomach, take 2 qian mixed with rice gruel drink.
(From *Chanru Ji*, Supplementary Discourse on Nurturing Children)
*Chanbao* states: Pregnancy edema and fullness occur because the qi of the zang-fu organs is originally weak, becoming even more deficient after childbirth. Earth fails to control Water, blood scatters into the four limbs, leading to abdominal distension, swelling of hands, feet, face, and eyes, and difficult, scanty urination. Chen Wuyue said: Whenever women have pre-existing wind-cold or cold-dampness, they tend to have swollen feet during pregnancy, commonly called "wrinkled feet." There are also cases of whole-body swelling and urgent abdominal distension, named Taishui (Fetal Water).
It is stated: Pregnant women should avoid extreme emotional agitation or qi stagnation. If the mind is calm and qi is harmonious, the fetal qi will be stable; if exposed to wind-cold pathogenic factors or subjected to physical/emotional trauma, illness will arise following the pathogen. Generally, during pregnancy, menstrual blood is closed off to nourish the fetus. If sudden generalized swelling occurs, it is because the fetus carries water dampness, and water and blood contend with each other. The Spleen and Stomach dislike dampness and govern the muscles of the body. When dampness infiltrates and weakens the qi, the muscles become deficient; when water flow overflows, it causes whole-body swelling. However, the causes vary: some result from diarrhea or dysentery, causing deficiency and slipping of the zang-fu, depleting the Spleen and Stomach; others result from cold-heat malaria or excessive drinking due to irritability and thirst, where dampness infiltrates the Spleen and Stomach, all leading to swelling of the head, face, hands, or feet. However, if water infiltrates the uterus (Bao) before the fetus has formed, the fetus is often damaged. When approaching delivery, slight swelling of the feet indicates that there is less water and more blood in the uterine organ, with water exiting outward, hence presenting slight swelling, which facilitates easy delivery. Pre-existing cold qi, triggered by cold exposure, can cause abdominal distension and swelling.
*Chanru Ji*, Discourse on Nurturing Children
After the fetus forms at three months of pregnancy, both feet gradually swell from the dorsum of the foot up to the legs and knees, making walking difficult, leading to panting and chest oppression, and poor appetite, resembling symptoms of water qi disease. When yellow fluid oozes from between the toes, it is called Ziqi (Fetal Qi), which persists until delivery. This is due to the woman having pre-existing wind pathogens, or wind-blood in the Chong and Ren meridians. One should not recklessly administer herbal decoctions. However, if the condition is severe, concern arises regarding the exertion during labor and potential unforeseen dangers; therefore, treatment is necessary before delivery. Ancient prescriptions rarely discuss this. According to *Mingyi Lu*: Emperor Yuanhui of Song and Xu Wenbo went incognito to study acupuncture. Xu Wenbo saw a pregnant woman whose feet were swollen so much she could not walk. The Emperor palpated her pulse and concluded it was a female fetus. Xu Wenbo diagnosed: "This is a male fetus; if on the left, the fetus is black." The Emperor, angry, wanted to abort it forcibly. Xu Wenbo, feeling pity, said: "Please allow me to needle it." The fetus was expelled via needling; it was a male fetus and black. This is an ancient example of pregnancy foot swelling. Currently, *Chao Shi Bing Yuan* only discusses Zifen (Fetal Restlessness); *Qianjin Fang* and *Chanbao* mention it briefly. Liu Yuxi in *Xu Zhuan Guangxin Fang* claimed that pregnant women develop fetuses due to water qi, and *Taiping Shenghui Fang* agrees, but both are incorrect. During the Yuanfeng era, Chen Jingchu of Huainan, a famous physician, uniquely had prescriptions and discourses for treating this disease. The prescription was initially named Xiangfu San (Cyperi Rhizoma Powder), and Li Boshi renamed it Tianxianteng San (Akebiae Caulis Powder).