经云∶心生血，肝藏血，脾统血，气引血行，血随气转，荣养四肢百骸，灌溉五脏六腑。故目得血而能视，耳得血
而能听，手得血而能握，足得血而能行。大人失血，心肝二经受病者多；小儿失血，脾胃受伤者多。亦有跌扑内伤者。
怒甚气逆，血出于肝，呕血亦出于肝；咯血出于肾；衄血亦出于肺；舌衄出于心，吐血亦出于心，溺血亦出于心；便血
出于脾；肠风出于大肠；血淋出小肠，牙宣出于胃。血者神气也，持之则存，失之则亡。凡治此症，视何经受病，先以
顺气为主，降火次之。气顺则血归于经，火降则血自止。小儿纯阳之体，不可妄补，亦不可便用止剂。失血之脉，沉细
者生，浮大牢实者重。手足逆冷者死。
凉血地黄汤 治吐血、衄血、便血、溺血并效。
当归 生地 熟地（各一钱） 知母（盐水炒） 黄柏（盐水炒） 槐花 青皮（各七分）
水煎。在上食后服，在下食前服。吐血加茅草根、韭菜汁，衄血加茅花、侧柏叶；便血加阿胶（炒）、
黄芩；溺血加发
灰、琥珀；咯血加款花、百合；咳嗽有红加款花、贝母。
犀角地黄汤 治症同前，加减亦如前法。
犀角 生地 当归 牡丹皮 黄连 黄芩 山栀
水煎。临服入藕汁半合，韭汁、生姜汁各少许服。如无上二味，入童便亦效。便秘加大黄、槟榔。
琼玉膏 治劳伤，一切血症。小儿减用。
生地黄（二斤，用河水十斤，砂锅煮一昼夜，约汁四五斤） 加人参（三两） 茯苓（三两。共为末） 荆芥（烧
灰存性，一两）
三味同汁和匀；置地上，去火毒。每服三钱，米汤下。
二蓟饮 治便血、溺血、血淋，治诸血并效。
苦参（酒焙干） 荷叶（连蒂焙干）
大蓟小蓟各三钱，煎汤。大者二钱，小者一钱，调下。
当归和血散 治便血，治诸血并效。
槐花 青皮（各六钱） 当归 升麻（各二钱） 荆芥 熟地 白术 川芎（各一钱）
为末。每服二钱，米汤调下。
小蓟饮 治下焦蕴热，溺血、血淋。
生地 小蓟 滑石 甘草 蒲黄 当归 山栀 通草 藕节（各等分）
淡竹叶二十片、灯心二十寸，水煎。此方加琥珀末五分更效。
肠风便血方
当归 生地 白术（炒。各一钱） 地榆 秦艽 防风 柴胡 枳壳 槐花（炒。各七分） 升麻 黄芩（酒炒。
各六分）
水煎。
三黄饮 治血痢，兼治酒毒便血。
黄连（一钱） 黄柏 黄芩 白芍 枳壳 苍术 浓朴 陈皮（各七分） 甘草（五分） 木香（三分）
水煎。
经验良方 余便血诸药不效，此方一服效，二服永不发。济人无不效者，儿分三剂用。
当归（五钱） 川芎（三钱） 白芍（二钱，酒炒） 淮地（五钱） 白芷（一钱） 祁艾（二钱，醋炒） 阿胶
（五钱，蛤粉炒） 茅草根（三钱，捣） 侧柏叶（三钱，矾水浸一宿，炒黄）
合一大剂，水三碗，煎二碗。频频顿温服。
三黄苦参丸 治症同前。
黄连（姜汁炒） 黄柏（酒炒） 黄芩（酒炒） 槐花（炒） 荆芥 苦参（酒炒） 甘草（各一两）
为末，蜜丸。白滚汤下，米汤亦可。
槐花散 治如前症。
槐花（炒） 柏叶（矾水炒） 荆芥 枳壳（麸炒）
为末。每服一钱，米汤下。
苦参饮
苦参（三钱，酒炒） 甘草（五钱）
水煎。露一宿，空心热服。
槐角丸 治症同前。
黄柏（一两） 槐角 白芷 熟地黄（各五钱）
为末，糊丸。米汤下。
得效方 治便血，并痔疮脏毒，下血。
柿饼（十个，五个烧存性） 槐花（一两，炒） 乌梅（一两，饭上蒸熟）
乌梅捣烂为丸，白滚汤下。
单方 柿饼（烧灰存性，柿饼煎汤下，一钱效）。
脏连丸 治一切便血。
黄连（一斤为末）
用猪脏头粗，将连末装入，两头扎紧，煮熟捣丸，随意不拘引服、
止血三奇方
石榴皮（为末） 粪前下血，茄枝煎汤服一钱。
五倍子（为末） 粪后下血，艾叶煎汤服一钱。
茄蒂（烧灰为末） 粪中下血，米汤调服一钱。
医经中说：心主生血，肝主藏血，脾主统摄血液，气推动血液运行，血随气的流转而循环，以此荣养四肢百骸，灌溉五脏六腑。所以眼睛得到血的滋养就能视物，耳朵得到血的滋养就能听声，手得到血的滋养就能握持，脚得到血的滋养就能行走。成年人出现失血症状，多因心和肝两经受邪所致；小儿出现失血症状，多因脾胃受损所致。也有因跌打损伤导致内出血的情况。
大怒会导致气机逆乱，血液从肝溢出，呕血也源于肝；咯血（咳出带血痰）源于肾；鼻衄（鼻出血）源于肺；舌衄（舌出血）源于心，吐血也源于心，尿血也源于心；便血源于脾；肠风（大便下血，血色鲜红如溅）源于大肠；血淋（小便涩痛带血）源于小肠；牙宣（牙龈出血萎缩）源于胃。血是神气的物质基础，保持住则生命存续，失去则生命终结。凡是治疗这类病症，要观察是哪一经受病，首先以顺气为主，降火为辅。气机顺畅则血液回归经脉，火势下降则出血自止。小儿属于纯阳之体，不可随意进补，也不可立即使用收敛止血的药物。失血病人的脉象，沉细的预后良好，浮大牢实的病情严重。手足逆冷的预后不良，属死证。
凉血地黄汤：治疗吐血、衄血、便血、尿血均有效。
配方：当归、生地、熟地（各一钱），知母（用盐水炒制），黄柏（用盐水炒制），槐花，青皮（各七分）。
用法：水煎服。病位在上者饭后服，病位在下者饭前服。若为吐血，加茅草根、韭菜汁；若为衄血，加茅花、侧柏叶；若为便血，加阿胶（炒）、黄芩；若为尿血，加发灰、琥珀；若为咯血，加款冬花、百合；若咳嗽且痰中带血，加款冬花、贝母。
犀角地黄汤：治疗的症候与前述相同，加减法也同上。
配方：犀角、生地、当归、牡丹皮、黄连、黄芩、山栀。
用法：水煎服。服药时加入藕汁半合，韭汁和生姜汁各少许。如果没有上述两种汁液，加入童便（儿童尿液）也有效。若便秘，加大黄、槟榔。
琼玉膏：治疗劳伤引起的各种血症。小儿用量减半。
配方：生地黄（二斤，用河水十斤，在砂锅中煮一昼夜，约剩汁液四五斤），加入人参（三两）、茯苓（三两，共研为末），荆芥（烧成炭保留药性，一两）。
用法：将三味药与地黄汁混合均匀；放置在地上以去除“火毒”。每次服用三钱，用米汤送服。
二蓟饮：治疗便血、尿血、血淋，对各类出血均有疗效。
配方：苦参（酒焙干）、荷叶（连蒂焙干）、大蓟和小蓟各三钱，煎汤。其中大蓟二钱，小蓟一钱，调服。
当归和血散：治疗便血，对各类出血均有疗效。
配方：槐花、青皮（各六钱），当归、升麻（各二钱），荆芥、熟地、白术、川芎（各一钱）。
用法：研为细末。每次服用二钱，用米汤调服。
小蓟饮：治疗下焦蕴热导致的尿血、血淋。
配方：生地、小蓟、滑石、甘草、蒲黄、当归、山栀、通草、藕节（各等分）。
用法：加淡竹叶二十片、灯心草二十寸，水煎。此方加入五分琥珀末效果更佳。
肠风便血方：
配方：当归、生地、白术（炒，各一钱），地榆、秦艽、防风、柴胡、枳壳、槐花（炒，各七分），升麻、黄芩（酒炒，各六分）。
用法：水煎服。
三黄饮：治疗血痢，兼治因饮酒过量导致的便血。
配方：黄连（一钱），黄柏、黄芩、白芍、枳壳、苍术、浓朴、陈皮（各七分），甘草（五分），木香（三分）。
用法：水煎服。
经验良方：如果之前治疗便血的各种药物无效，此方服用一次见效，两次服用后永不复发。救济他人无不有效，此处分为三剂给小儿服用。
配方：当归（五钱），川芎（三钱），白芍（二钱，酒炒），淮地（五钱），白芷（一钱），祁艾（二钱，醋炒），阿胶（五钱，蛤粉炒），茅草根（三钱，捣碎），侧柏叶（三钱，矾水浸泡一夜，炒黄）。
用法：合并为一剂，用水三碗，煎至二碗。频频温服。
三黄苦参丸：治疗的症候与前述相同。
配方：黄连（姜汁炒），黄柏（酒炒），黄芩（酒炒），槐花（炒），荆芥，苦参（酒炒），甘草（各一两）。
用法：研为细末，蜂蜜炼制成丸。用白开水送服，米汤亦可。
槐花散：治疗前述症候。
配方：槐花（炒），柏叶（矾水炒），荆芥，枳壳（麸炒）。
用法：研为细末。每次服用一钱，用米汤送服。
苦参饮：
配方：苦参（三钱，酒炒），甘草（五钱）。
用法：水煎。露天放置一夜，空腹热服。
槐角丸：治疗的症候与前述相同。
配方：黄柏（一两），槐角、白芷、熟地黄（各五钱）。
用法：研为细末，糊状物泛丸。用米汤送服。
得效方：治疗便血，以及痔疮脏毒、下血。
配方：柿饼（十个，五个烧成炭保留药性），槐花（一两，炒），乌梅（一两，在饭上蒸熟）。
用法：将乌梅捣烂制成丸剂，用白开水送服。
单方：柿饼（烧成炭保留药性，用柿饼煎成的汤送服，一钱即效）。
脏连丸：治疗一切便血。
配方：黄连（一斤研为末）。
用法：取猪大肠一段，将黄连末装入肠中，两头扎紧，煮熟后捣烂制成丸剂，不拘泥于特定的引经药，随意服用。
止血三奇方：
石榴皮（研为末）：粪前下血（排便开始时出血），用茄枝煎汤送服一钱。
五倍子（研为末）：粪后下血（排便结束后出血），用艾叶煎汤送服一钱。
茄蒂（烧成炭研为末）：粪中下血（排便过程中出血），用米汤调服一钱。
The medical classics state: The Heart generates blood, the Liver stores blood, and the Spleen controls blood. Qi guides the movement of blood, and blood follows the transformation of Qi, thereby nourishing the four limbs and hundred bones, and irrigating the five Zang and six Fu organs. Therefore, the eyes can see when nourished by blood, the ears can hear when nourished by blood, the hands can grasp when nourished by blood, and the feet can walk when nourished by blood. In adults, loss of blood is often due to pathology in the Heart and Liver meridians; in children, it is often due to damage to the Spleen and Stomach. There are also cases caused by internal injury from falls or blows.
Extreme anger causes Qi to rebel, leading to blood escaping from the Liver; vomiting blood also originates from the Liver; hemoptysis (coughing up blood-stained sputum) originates from the Kidney; epistaxis (nosebleed) originates from the Lung; lingual bleeding originates from the Heart, as does hematemesis (vomiting blood); hematuria (blood in urine) also originates from the Heart; melena (blood in stool) originates from the Spleen; wind-intestinal bleeding (fresh red blood in stool) originates from the Large Intestine; bloody strangury (painful urination with blood) originates from the Small Intestine; gingival bleeding and recession originate from the Stomach. Blood is the substance basis of Shen-Qi (Spirit and Vital Energy); maintaining it ensures life, while losing it leads to death. In treating such conditions, one must observe which meridian is affected, prioritizing the regulation of Qi first, followed by the descent of Fire. When Qi flows smoothly, blood returns to the vessels; when Fire descends, bleeding stops spontaneously. Children possess a "Pure Yang" constitution; they should not be blindly tonified, nor should astringent hemostatic agents be used immediately. Regarding the pulse in blood-loss conditions, a deep and fine pulse indicates a favorable prognosis, while a floating, large, firm, and excess pulse indicates severe illness. Cold extremities indicate a fatal prognosis.
Liangxue Dihuang Tang (Cooling Blood Rehmannia Decoction): Effective for hematemesis, epistaxis, melena, and hematuria.
Ingredients: Danggui Radix Angelicae Sinensis (1 qian), Shengdihuang Rhizoma Rehmanniae Recens (1 qian), Shudihuang Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparata (1 qian), Zhimu Cortex Anemarrhenae (salt-fried), Huangbai Cortex Phellodendri (salt-fried), Huaihua Flos Sophorae (0.7 fen), Qingpi Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (0.7 fen).
Preparation: Decoct in water. Take after meals for upper body lesions, before meals for lower body lesions. For hematemesis, add Maocaogen Rhizoma Imperatae and Jiucuiju Juice Allii Tuberosi; for epistaxis, add Maohua Flower Bud Sophorae and Ceboye Folium Platycladi; for melena, add Ejiao Colla Asini (fried) and Huangqin Radix Scutellariae; for hematuria, add Fa Hui Ash Capillaris and Hupo Succinum; for hemoptysis, add Kuandonghua Flos Farfarae and Baihe Bulbus Lilii; for cough with blood-tinged sputum, add Kuandonghua Flos Farfarae and Beimu Bulbus Fritillariae.
Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn Rehmannia Decoction): Treats the same conditions as above, with modifications as previously described.
Ingredients: Xijiao Cornu Rhinocerotis, Shengdihuang Rhizoma Rehmanniae Recens, Danggui Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Mudanpi Cortex Moutan, Huanglian Rhizoma Coptidis, Huangqin Radix Scutellariae, Shanzhi Fructus Gardeniae.
Preparation: Decoct in water. Before taking, add Ouzhi Juice Nymphaeae Nelumbinis (half he), Jiucaiju Juice Allii Tuberosi, and Shengjiangju Juice Zingiberis Recens (small amounts). If the latter two juices are unavailable, Tongbian Ur Pueri (child's urine) is effective. For constipation, add Dahuang Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Binglang Semen Arecae.
Qiongyu Gao (Jade Essence Paste): Treats consumptive injuries and all types of blood disorders. Use half dose for children.
Ingredients: Shengdihuang Rhizoma Rehmanniae Recens (2 jin, boiled in 10 jin of river water in a clay pot for one day and night, yielding approx. 4-5 jin of juice), Renren Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (3 liang), Fuling Sclerotium Poria (3 liang, both ground into powder), Jingjie Herba Schizonepetae (charred but retaining efficacy, 1 liang).
Preparation: Mix the three powders evenly with the juice; place on the ground to remove "fire toxicity." Take 3 qian per dose, washed down with rice soup.
Erji Yin (Two Sieves Decoction): Effective for melena, hematuria, bloody strangury, and various other bleeding disorders.
Ingredients: Kushen Radix Sophorae (baked with wine), Heye Folium Nelumbinis (baked with peduncle), Taiji Herba Leonuri (2 qian), Xiaoji Herba Leonuri (1 qian).
Preparation: Decoct Taiji and Xiaoji in water. Take the resulting decoction to wash down the prepared Taiji and Xiaoji powders.
Danggui Hexue San (Angelica Blood-Harmonizing Powder): Effective for melena and various bleeding disorders.
Ingredients: Huaihua Flos Sophorae (6 qian), Qingpi Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (6 qian), Danggui Radix Angelicae Sinensis (2 qian), Shengma Rhizoma Cimicifugae (2 qian), Jingjie Herba Schizonepetae (1 qian), Shudihuang Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparata (1 qian), Baizhu Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (1 qian), Chuanxiong Rhizoma Chuanxiong (1 qian).
Preparation: Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with rice soup.
Xiaoji Yin (Small Sieve Decoction): Treats heat accumulation in the Lower Jiao causing hematuria and bloody strangury.
Ingredients: Shengdihuang Rhizoma Rehmanniae Recens, Xiaoji Herba Leonuri, Huashi Talcum, Gancao Radix Glycyrrhizae, Puhuang Pollen Typhae, Danggui Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Shanzhi Fructus Gardeniae, Tongcao Medulla Tetrapanacis, Oujie Node Nelumbinis (equal parts).
Preparation: Add 20 leaves of Danzhuye Folium Phyllostachydis and 20 cun of Dengxin Caulis Junci, then decoct in water. Adding 5 fen of Hupo Succutum powder enhances efficacy.
Changfeng Bianxue Fang (Intestinal Wind Melena Formula):
Ingredients: Danggui Radix Angelicae Sinensis (1 qian), Shengdihuang Rhizoma Rehmanniae Recens (1 qian), Baizhu Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (fried, 1 qian), Diyu Radix Sanguisorbae (0.7 fen), Qinjiao Rhizoma Gentianae Macrophyllae (0.7 fen), Fangfeng Radix Saposhnikoviae (0.7 fen), Chaihu Radix Bupleuri (0.7 fen), Zhiqiao Fructus Aurantii (0.7 fen), Huaihua Flos Sophorae (fried, 0.7 fen), Shengma Rhizoma Cimicifugae (0.6 fen), Huangqin Radix Scutellariae (wine-fried, 0.6 fen).
Preparation: Decoct in water.
Sanhuang Yin (Three Yellows Decoction): Treats bloody dysentery and melena caused by alcohol toxicity.
Ingredients: Huanglian Rhizoma Coptidis (1 qian), Huangbai Cortex Phellodendri (0.7 fen), Huangqin Radix Scutellariae (0.7 fen), Baishao Radix Paeoniae Alba (0.7 fen), Zhiqiao Fructus Aurantii (0.7 fen), Cangzhu Rhizoma Atractylodis (0.7 fen), Nongpo Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (0.7 fen), Chenpi Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (0.7 fen), Gancao Radix Glycyrrhizae (0.5 fen), Muxiang Radix Aucklandiae (0.3 fen).
Preparation: Decoct in water.
Experience Prescription: If previous medicines for melena fail, this prescription works after one dose and prevents recurrence after two doses. It is universally effective; divide into three doses for pediatric use.
Ingredients: Danggui Radix Angelicae Sinensis (5 qian), Chuanxiong Rhizoma Chuanxiong (3 qian), Baishao Radix Paeoniae Alba (2 qian, wine-fried), Huaidi Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparata (5 qian), Baizhi Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (1 qian), Qi'ai Folium Artemisiae Argyi (2 qian, vinegar-fried), Ejiao Colla Asini (5 qian, fried with Ge Fen), Maocaogen Rhizoma Imperatae (3 qian, crushed), Ceboye Folium Platycladi (3 qian, soaked in alum water overnight, fried yellow).
Preparation: Combine into one large dose, add 3 bowls of water, decoct to 2 bowls. Take frequently in warm portions.
Sanhuang Kushen Wan (Three Yellows Sophora Root Pill): Treats the same conditions as above.
Ingredients: Huanglian Rhizoma Coptidis (ginger juice-fried), Huangbai Cortex Phellodendri (wine-fried), Huangqin Radix Scutellariae (wine-fried), Huaihua Flos Sophorae (fried), Jingjie Herba Schizonepetae, Kushen Radix Sophorae (wine-fried), Gancao Radix Glycyrrhizae (1 liang each).
Preparation: Grind into powder, form pills with honey. Take with plain boiling water or rice soup.
Huaihua San (Sophora Flower Powder): Treats the aforementioned conditions.
Ingredients: Huaihua Flos Sophorae (fried), Bo Ye Folium Platycladi (alum-water fried), Jingjie Herba Schizonepetae, Zhiqiao Fructus Aurantii (bran-fried).
Preparation: Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, washed down with rice soup.
Kushen Yin (Sophora Root Decoction):
Ingredients: Kushen Radix Sophorae (3 qian, wine-fried), Gancao Radix Glycyrrhizae (5 qian).
Preparation: Decoct in water. Leave exposed to the night air overnight. Take hot on an empty stomach.
Huaijiao Wan (Sophora Fruit Pill): Treats the same conditions as above.
Ingredients: Huangbai Cortex Phellodendri (1 liang), Huaijiao Fructus Sophorae (5 qian), Baizhi Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (5 qian), Shudihuang Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparata (5 qian).
Preparation: Grind into powder, form pills with paste. Take with rice soup.
Effective Formula: Treats melena, hemorrhoids, visceral toxin, and lower bleeding.
Ingredients: Shibing Dried Persimmon (10 pieces, 5 charred), Huaihua Flos Sophorae (1 liang, fried), Wumei Fructus Mume (1 liang, steamed over rice until cooked).
Preparation: Mash Wumei into a paste to form pills. Take with plain boiling water.
Single Herb Prescription: Shibing Dried Persimmon (charred to ash, taken with decoction of dried persimmon, 1 qian is effective).
Zanglian Wan (Viscera-Linked Pill): Treats all types of melena.
Ingredients: Huanglian Rhizoma Coptidis (1 jin, ground into powder).
Preparation: Take a thick section of pig intestine, stuff with Huanglian powder, tie both ends tightly, boil until cooked, then mash into pills. Take freely without specific guiding herbs.
Hemostasis Three Miracles Formula:
Shiliupi Pericarpium Granati (powder): For blood appearing at the beginning of defecation, take 1 qian with eggplant branch decoction.
Wubeizi Galla Chinensis (powder): For blood appearing at the end of defecation, take 1 qian with mugwort leaf decoction.
Qiaodi Pedunculus Nelumbinis (charred to ash): For blood mixed within the stool, take 1 qian mixed with rice soup.