万历龙飞二年小春月,予始游苕之东双林。于时,族兄吉泉之友吴小峰与其弟小川俱病目,专
科者愈治愈重。其目始红肿,次加太阳痛,继则白星翳叠出。予不以目科名,而识者称予大方,
因谋于吉泉曰∶医以通变为良,昔秦越人过邯郸,闻贵妇人,则为带下医;过洛阳,闻周人爱
老人,则为耳目痹医。闻东宿君国手也,必能随俗为变,愿一言去吾兄弟目疾。吉泉邀予
,
余曰∶嘉靖间论医者,必首西吴,如周仲仁氏,凌汉章氏,王宾湖氏者,皆擅一时名,其家
世必有传也,何需于予。吉泉曰∶渠家慕弟久矣,且其尊人受博士易,为西吴名家,弟好易
,幸一往,藉此为谈易地,勿逊。诊其脉,小峰
之脉,濡而缓大,两目血缕直贯瞳人,薄暮则疼。小川之脉,皆洪大鼓指,黑珠有浮翳瘼,
隐涩难开,大小便皆不利。故于小峰用补,先以清肝散与之。夏枯草五钱,香附四钱,甘草
一钱五分,细茶五分,以彻其痛。药两进而痛止。继用人参、白茯苓、熟地黄、枸杞子、桂
心、牛膝、破故纸、白蒺藜、牡凡皮。服八日而愈。于小川用泻,内用泻肝汤,及当归龙荟
丸。外用象牙、冰片为末点之,七日痊愈。其尊君我峰翁喜诣余曰∶二目均病,年同齿,染
同时,诸医同治而同不愈,先生一补一泻,而二病均愈,何哉?余曰∶此阴阳虚实之辨也。
经云∶实者正治,虚者从治。令侄之症,惟厥阴肝火炽盛,肝常有余,有余者泻之,正治也
。郎君下虚,又为怒所激,怒则火起于肝,肝为藏血之地,故血丝贯瞳人,而薄暮作痛,方
用夏枯草、香附为君,疏其肝气。经云∶肝苦急,急食甘以缓之,故用甘草为臣。茶能清
头目,用以为使,先为去此痛。经又云∶水
流湿,火就燥,故复用甘温补其下元之虚,俾火得归元,此从治也。若用苦寒降火之剂,不惟
血凝而痛加,抑且激其火而使愈炽矣。我峰闻之,语人曰;孙君本阴阳而治寒热,是用《易
》为医也。故补者补效,攻者攻效。语曰∶不知《易》者,不可以为太医。孙君神于《易》
而于医乎何有,愿于吾苕悬一壶也。余哂之,谓∶昔韩伯休且不欲人间知其名,余又何壶之可悬哉。
万历龙飞二年(1574年)初冬,我开始游览苕溪之东的双林镇。当时,族兄吉泉的朋友吴小峰和他的弟弟吴小川都患有眼疾,专门治疗眼科的医生越治病情越重。他们的眼睛起初红肿,随后出现太阳穴疼痛,接着白睛上长出星状翳膜。我并非以眼科名医自居,但识者称赞我擅长使用大方剂,于是通过吉泉向我请求说:“医学贵在通晓变通,昔日秦越人经过邯郸,听说当地重视妇女,就担任妇科医生;经过洛阳,听说周地人敬爱老人,就担任耳目痹症医生。听说东宿先生您是国手级别的医生,一定能随俗应变,恳请您一句话去除我们兄弟的眼疾。”吉泉邀请我前往,我说:“嘉靖年间谈论医术的人,必定首推西吴地区,像周仲仁、凌汉章、王宾湖这些人,都享有当时的盛名,他们家族一定有传承,何必需要我呢?”吉泉说:“他们家仰慕您很久了,而且他的父亲曾受博士之职,是西吴的名家,您喜好《易经》,希望去一趟,借此作为谈《易》交流的机会,不要推辞。”
诊察他们的脉象:吴小峰的脉象濡缓而大,双眼血丝直贯瞳孔,傍晚时分疼痛加剧。吴小川的脉象洪大有力,黑珠(黑睛)上有浮翳障,隐涩难睁,大小便都不通畅。因此对吴小峰采用补法,先用清肝散给他服用。夏枯草五钱,香附四钱,甘草一钱五分,细茶五分,用来消除疼痛。服药两次后疼痛停止。继而又用人参、白茯苓、熟地黄、枸杞子、桂心、牛膝、破故纸、白蒺藜、牡丹皮。服用八日后痊愈。对吴小川采用泻法,内服泻肝汤及当归龙荟丸。外用象牙、冰片研末点眼,七日后痊愈。吴小峰的父亲我峰翁高兴地说:“两只眼睛同时患病,年龄相同,感染时间一致,众医同治却都没治好,先生一补一泻,而两病均愈,为什么呢?”我说:“这是阴阳虚实的辨别。经书说:实证用正治法,虚证用从治法。令侄的症状,只是厥阴肝火炽盛,肝气常有余,有余则泻之,这是正治法。令弟下元虚弱,又被愤怒所激,怒则肝火起,肝为藏血之地,所以血丝贯瞳人,傍晚作痛,方中用夏枯草、香附为君药,疏泄肝气。经书说:肝苦急,急食甘以缓之,所以用甘草为臣药。茶能清头目,用作使药,先以此去除疼痛。经书又说:水流湿,火就燥,所以再用甘温药补其下元之虚,使火得归元,这是从治法。如果用苦寒降火的药剂,不仅会使血液凝滞而疼痛加重,还会激发火势使其更加炽烈。”我峰翁听后,对人说:“孙君依据阴阳来治疗寒热,这是用《易经》原理行医啊。所以补法有效,攻法也有效。俗话说:不懂《易经》的人,不可以做太医。孙君精通《易经》,对于医术又算什么呢?希望您能在我们苕溪挂壶行医。”我笑了笑说:“昔日韩伯休尚且不想让人间知道他的名字,我又有什么壶可以悬挂呢。”
In the early winter of the second year of Longfei in the Wanli era (1574), I began to tour Shuanglin Town, east of the Tiao Stream. At that time, Mr. Wu Xiaofeng, a friend of my clan brother Jiquan, and his younger brother Wu Xiaochuan were both suffering from eye diseases. Specialists in ophthalmology treated them, but their conditions worsened with each treatment. Their eyes initially became red and swollen, followed by pain in the temporal region, and subsequently, star-shaped nebulae appeared on the white of the eyes. Although I was not known as an ophthalmologist, those who knew me praised my proficiency in using large prescriptions. Through Jiquan, they sought my advice, saying: "Medicine excels in adaptability. In ancient times, when Bian Que passed through Handan and heard that the locals valued women, he served as a gynecologist; when he passed through Luoyang and heard that the people of Zhou revered the elderly, he served as a physician for ear, nose, and bi-syndrome. We have heard that you, Master Dongsu, are a national-level expert capable of adapting to local customs. We beg for your words to cure our brothers' eye disease." Jiquan invited me to visit, but I replied, "During the Jiajing era, medical discussions prioritized the Xiwu region. Figures such as Zhou Zhongren, Ling Hanzhang, and Wang Binhao enjoyed contemporary fame. Their families must have inherited traditions. Why would they need me?" Jiquan said, "They have admired you for a long time. Moreover, his father held the title of Doctor and was a renowned master in Xiwu. You have a fondness for the *I Ching* (Book of Changes). Please make this visit to facilitate a discussion on the *I Ching*. Do not decline."
Upon examining their pulses: Mr. Xiaofeng's pulse was soggy, slow, and large. Red blood threads in both eyes extended directly into the pupils, with pain intensifying at dusk. Mr. Xiaochuan's pulse was surging, large, and forceful against the fingers. There were floating nebulae on the black pearls (cornea), causing a feeling of obstruction and difficulty opening the eyes. Both had difficulties with urination and defecation. Therefore, for Mr. Xiaofeng, I employed a tonification method, first prescribing Qinggan San (Clear Liver Powder). The prescription consisted of 5 qian of Prunella vulgaris (Xiakucao), 4 qian of Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu), 1.5 qian of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), and 0.5 qian of fine tea, to alleviate the pain. After two doses, the pain ceased. Subsequently, I prescribed Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Poria (Baifuling), Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudihuang), Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guixin), Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi), Psoraleae Fructus (Poguzhi), Tribuli Fructus (Bajili), and Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi). He recovered after eight days. For Mr. Xiaochuan, I employed a purgation method, internally administering Xiegan Tang (Drain Liver Decoction) and Danggui Longhui Wan (Angelica Dahurica and Gardenia Pill). Externally, I applied powder made from Ivory (Xiangya) and Borneolum Syntheticum (Bingpian) to the eyes. He recovered after seven days.
Mr. Xiaofeng's father, Wofeng Weng, joyfully visited me and said: "Both eyes were diseased simultaneously, they were of the same age, contracted at the same time, and treated by various physicians without success. Yet, with your one tonification and one purgation, both illnesses were cured. Why is this?" I replied: "This is the differentiation of Yin-Yang and Deficiency-Excess. The Classics state: 'Treat excess with standard methods; treat deficiency with following methods.' Your nephew's condition involves only blazing fire of the Jueyin Liver channel, where Liver Qi is often in excess. To purge what is in excess is the standard method. Your other grandson has deficiency in the lower burner, exacerbated by anger. Anger causes fire to arise in the Liver. Since the Liver stores blood, blood threads penetrate the pupils, and pain occurs at dusk. In the formula, Prunella vulgaris and Cyperi Rhizoma serve as the sovereign herbs to soothe Liver Qi. The Classics state: 'When the Liver suffers from tension, use sweet flavors to relieve it.' Thus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma serves as the minister herb. Tea clears the head and eyes, serving as the envoy herb, to first remove this pain. The Classics also state: 'Water flows to dampness, fire moves toward dryness.' Therefore, I again used sweet-warm herbs to tonify the deficiency of the lower burner, allowing the fire to return to its origin. This is the following method. If bitter-cold fire-draining agents were used, not only would blood coagulate and pain increase, but the fire would be激ated and become even more intense."
Hearing this, Wofeng said to others: "Master Sun treats cold and heat based on Yin-Yang principles; thus, he practices medicine using the *I Ching*. Hence, tonification yields results, and attack yields results. It is said: 'One who does not know the *I Ching* cannot serve as a Grand Physician.' Master Sun is divine in the *I Ching*; how much more so in medicine? We wish for you to hang your pot and practice in our Tiao Stream area." I smiled and said: "In the past, Han Boxiu did not wish for his name to be known in the world. How could I possibly hang a pot?"