诸风掉眩。皆属肝木。
掉。摇也。眩。昏乱旋运也。风主动故也。所以风气盛而头目眩晕者。由风木旺。必是
金衰
不能制木。而木复生火。风火皆属阳。多为兼化。阳主乎动。两动相搏。则为之旋转。故火
本动也。焰得风自然旋转。如春分至小满。而为二之气分。风火相搏。则多起飘风。俗谓旋
风是也。四时皆有之。由五运六气。千变万化。冲荡击搏。推之无穷。安得失时而便谓之无
也。但有微甚而已。人或乘车跃马。登舟环舞。其动不止。而左右纡曲。经曰曲直动摇。风
之用也。眩晕而呕吐者。风热甚故也。
诸痛痒疮疡。皆属心火。
人近火气者。微热则痒。热甚则痛。附近则灼而为疮。皆火之用也。或痒痛如针轻刺者
犹
飞迸火星灼之然也。痒者美疾也。故火旺于夏。而万物蕃鲜荣美也。炙之以火。渍之以汤。
而痒转甚者。微热之所使也。因而痒去者。热令皮肤宽缓。腠理开通。阳气得泄。热散而去
故也。或夏月皮肤痒。而以冷水沃之不去者。寒能收敛。腠理闭密。阳气郁结。不能散越。
怫热内作故也。痒得爬而解者。爬为火化。微则亦能令痒。爬令皮肤辛辣。而属金化。辛能
散。故金化见而火力分解矣。或云痛为实。痒为虚。非谓虚为寒也。正谓热之微甚也。或疑
疮疡。皆属火热。而反腐出脓水者何也。犹谷肉菜果。热极则腐烂而溃为污水。溃而腐烂。
水之化也。盖所谓五行之理。过极则胜己者反来制之。故火热过极。则反兼于水化。又如盐
能固物。令不腐烂者。咸寒水化。制其火热。使不过极。故得久固也。万物皆然。
诸湿肿满。皆属脾土。
地之体也。土湿过极。则痞塞肿满。物湿亦然。故长夏属土。则庶物隆盛也。
诸气 郁。病痿。皆属肺金。
谓 满也。郁谓奔迫也。痿谓手足痿弱。无力以运动也。大抵肺主气。气为阳。阳主
轻清
而升。故肺居上部。病则其气 满奔迫。不能上升。至于手足痿弱无力运动者。由肺金本燥
燥之为病也。血液衰少。不能荣养百骸故也。经曰。目得血而能视。掌得血而能握。指得
血而能摄。足得血而能步。故秋金旺。则雾气蒙郁而草萎落。病之象也。（萎犹痿也）
诸寒收引。皆属肾水。
收敛引急。寒之用也。故冬寒则拘缩矣。
各种风病引起的肢体震颤、头晕目眩，都归属于肝木系统。
“掉”，是指摇动；“眩”，是指昏乱、旋转的感觉。这是因为风性主动的缘故。所以风气旺盛导致头目眩晕的人，是由于风木之气过旺，必然伴随金气衰弱，不能制约木气，而木气又生发火气。风和火都属于阳，往往相互兼化。阳主司运动，两种动势相互搏击，就会产生旋转感。因此火本性就是动的，火焰遇到风自然就会旋转。比如从春分到小满这段时间，属于二之气阶段，风与火相互搏击，就容易产生旋风，也就是俗称的旋风。这种情况四季都有，是由五运六气的千变万化、冲荡击搏、推演无穷所致，怎么能因为不在其时就说没有呢？只是有轻微和严重之分罢了。有人乘车骑马、登船跳舞，身体不停晃动且左右弯曲，经书说：“曲直动摇，是风的作用。”如果眩晕伴有呕吐，是因为风热太盛。
各种疼痛、瘙痒、疮疡，都归属于心火系统。
人靠近火气，感觉微热时会痒，热甚则会痛，离火很近则会被灼伤形成疮疡，这都是火的作用。或者痒痛像针轻轻刺一样，就像飞迸的火星灼烧那样。痒是一种美好的疾病表现，所以火气在夏季旺盛，万物繁茂鲜艳美丽。用火烧炙、用热水浸泡，如果痒感反而加重，这是微热作用的结果。如果因此痒感消失，是因为热使皮肤宽缓，腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）开通，阳气得以宣泄，热散而去。或者夏天皮肤痒，用冷水浇洗却不去除，是因为寒性能收敛，使腠理闭密，阳气郁结在内，不能发散，导致热气在体内作祟。抓挠后痒感解除，是因为抓挠产生了火化的效应，轻微时也能致痒；但抓挠使皮肤感到辛辣，这属于金化，辛能发散，所以当金化显现时，火的力量就被分解了。有人说痛是实证，痒是虚证，这里说的虚并非指寒证，而是指热的程度轻重不同。有人疑惑：疮疡都属火热，为什么有的溃烂流出脓水呢？这就好比谷物、肉类、蔬菜、水果，热极则腐烂溃烂成污水。溃烂腐烂，是水的气化表现。大概五行之理，事物发展到极端，克制自己的元素反而会来制约它。所以火热过极，就会反过来兼有水的气化。又如盐能固定物体，使其不腐烂，这是因为咸寒的水气化，制约了火热，使其不过于极端，所以能长久保存。万物都是如此。
各种湿邪引起的肿胀、痞满，都归属于脾土系统。
这是大地的本体特性。湿气过极，就会导致痞塞、肿胀、痞满，物体受潮也是如此。所以长夏季节属土，此时万物隆盛。
各种气机郁滞、痿证，都归属于肺金系统。
“”指胀满，“郁”指气机奔迫急迫，“痿”指手足痿弱无力，无法运动。大体上肺主气，气属阳，阳主轻清上升，所以肺位于上部。生病时气机胀满奔迫，不能上升。至于手足痿弱无力运动，是因为肺金本燥，燥邪致病，导致血液衰少，不能滋养全身骨骼经脉。经书说：“眼睛得到血的滋养就能视物，手掌得到血的滋养就能握持，手指得到血的滋养就能摄取，脚得到血的滋养就能行走。”所以秋季金气旺盛时，雾气蒙郁，草木枯萎掉落，这是疾病的征象。（萎通痿）
Various wind diseases causing tremors and dizziness all belong to the Liver Wood system.
"Diao" refers to shaking; "Xuan" refers to a sensation of vertigo and disorientation. This is because Wind has the nature of movement. Therefore, in cases where excessive Wind causes dizziness and vertigo, it is due to an excess of Wind-Wood Qi, inevitably accompanied by a deficiency of Metal Qi that fails to control Wood, leading Wood to generate Fire. Both Wind and Fire belong to Yang, often transforming together. Yang governs movement; when two dynamic forces clash, rotation occurs. Thus, Fire inherently moves, and flames naturally rotate when encountering Wind. For instance, from the Spring Equinox to Minor Fullness (the second Qi phase), the interaction between Wind and Fire often generates whirlwinds, commonly known as tornadoes. This phenomenon occurs in all four seasons, resulting from the infinite variations and interactions of the Five Movements and Six Qi. How can one deny its existence simply because it does not occur at its typical season? There are only degrees of severity. When people ride horses or boats, or dance in circles, their bodies move continuously and curve left and right. The Classics state: "Bending and straightening, shaking and moving, are the functions of Wind." If dizziness is accompanied by vomiting, it is due to severe Wind-Heat.
Various pains, itching, sores, and ulcers all belong to the Heart Fire system.
When humans approach fire, slight heat causes itching, intense heat causes pain, and close proximity causes burning and ulceration; these are all functions of Fire. Itching and pain resembling light needle pricks are like flying sparks burning the skin. Itching is considered a manifestation of a benign condition; thus, when Fire is prosperous in summer, all things flourish and appear beautiful. Applying heat via moxibustion or hot water immersion may exacerbate itching due to mild heat. If itching subsides subsequently, it is because heat relaxes the skin, opens the Couli (skin pores and interstices), allows Yang Qi to dissipate, and clears the heat. However, if cold water applied to itchy skin in summer fails to relieve symptoms, it is because Cold causes contraction, closing the Couli, trapping Yang Qi internally, leading to stagnation and internal heat generation. Scratching relieves itching because scratching generates Fire transformation; mild scratching can induce itching, but it also creates a pungent sensation on the skin, which belongs to Metal transformation. Pungency disperses, so when Metal transformation appears, the Fire force is decomposed. Some argue that pain indicates Excess and itching indicates Deficiency, but here "Deficiency" does not mean Cold; rather, it refers to the degree of Heat. One might question why sores and ulcers, attributed to Fire-Heat, sometimes suppurate and discharge pus. This is analogous to grains, meats, vegetables, and fruits rotting into liquid when heat reaches its extreme. Rotting and ulceration represent Water transformation. According to the principles of the Five Elements, when a factor reaches its extreme, the element that controls it counteracts it. Thus, when Fire-Heat is extreme, it assumes characteristics of Water. Similarly, salt preserves food by preventing rot because its salty-cold Water nature controls Fire-Heat, preventing extremity, thereby ensuring longevity. This applies to all things.
Various dampness-induced swellings and fullness all belong to the Spleen Earth system.
This reflects the nature of the earth. When Dampness is excessive, it causes obstruction, swelling, and distension, just as objects become swollen when wet. Therefore, the Late Summer corresponds to Earth, during which all things flourish abundantly.
Various Qi stagnation and Wei syndrome all belong to the Lung Metal system.
"" refers to distension; "Yu" refers to urgent rushing Qi; "Wei" refers to flaccidity and weakness of the limbs, inability to move. Generally, the Lung governs Qi. Qi is Yang, and Yang is light, clear, and ascending; thus, the Lung resides in the upper jiao. In disease, Qi becomes distended and rushes without ascending. Flaccidity and weakness of the limbs result from the inherent dryness of Lung Metal. Dryness pathology leads to blood deficiency, failing to nourish the bones and sinews. The Classics state: "The eyes see when nourished by blood; the palms grasp when nourished by blood; the fingers hold when nourished by blood; the feet walk when nourished by blood." Therefore, when Autumn Metal Qi is strong, misty fog stagnates, and grass and trees wither and fall, which is a sign of disease. ("Wei" is synonymous with "Wei" [flaccidity]).
Various cold-induced contraction and pulling/tightness all belong to the Kidney Water system.
Contraction and pulling tightness are the functions of Cold. Thus, in winter cold, the body becomes contracted and stiff.