膀胱象水。旺于冬。足太阳其经也。肾之腑也。五谷五味之津液。悉归于膀胱。气化。
分入血脉。以成骨髓也。而津液之余者入胞。则为小便。其气
盛为有余。则病热。胞涩小便不通。小腹偏肿痛。是为膀胱气之实也。则宜泻之膀胱气不足
则寒气客之。胞滑。小便数而多也。面色黑。是膀胱之气虚也。则宜补之。
三焦者。上焦中焦下焦是也。上焦之气。出于胃上口。并咽以贯鬲。布胸内。走腋。循
太阴
之分而行。上至舌。下至足阳明。常与营卫俱行。主纳而不出也。中焦之气。亦并于胃口。
出上焦之后。此受气者。泌糟粕。承津液。化为精微。上注于肺脉。乃化而为血。主不上不
下也。下焦之气。别回肠。注于膀胱而渗入焉。主出而不纳。故水谷常并居于胃。成糟
粕而俱下于大肠也。谓此三气。焦干水谷。分别清浊。故名三焦。三焦为水谷之道路。气之
所终始也。三焦气盛为有余。则胀。气满于皮肤内。轻轻然而不牢。或小便涩。或大便难。
是为三焦之实也。则宜泻之。三焦之气不足。则寒气客之。病遗尿。或泻利。或胸满。或食
不消。是三焦之气虚也。则宜补之。诊其寸口脉迟。上焦有寒。尺脉迟。下焦有寒。尺脉浮
者。客阳在下焦。
肝虚者。陈皮、生姜之类补之。虚则补其母。肾者肝之母也。以熟地、黄柏补之。如无
他
症。六味地黄丸主之。实则白芍泻之。如无他症。泻青丸主之。实则泻其子。以甘草泻心汤
主之。心者肝之子也。
心虚者。炒盐补之。虚则补其母。肝者心之母。生姜补之。如无他症。以安神丸主之。
实则甘草泻之。如无他症。重则泻心汤。轻则导赤散主之。
脾虚者。甘草、大枣之类补之。虚则补其母。心乃脾之母。以炒盐补之。实则泻其子。
肺乃脾之子。以桑白皮主之。又云。实则黄连、枳实泻之。如无他症。益黄散主之。
肺虚者。五味子补之。实则桑白皮泻之。如无他症。阿胶散。虚则补其母。脾乃肺之母
以甘草、大枣补脾。实则泻其子。肾乃肺之子。以泽泻泻肾。
肾虚者。熟地、黄柏补之。肾无实不可泻。钱仲阳止有补肾地黄丸。无泻肾药。虚则补
其母。肺乃肾之母。以五味子补肺。
膀胱象水。旺于冬。足太阳其经也。肾之腑也。五谷五味之津液。悉归于膀胱。气化。分入血脉。以成骨髓也。而津液之余者入胞。则为小便。其气盛为有余。则病热。胞涩小便不通。小腹偏肿痛。是为膀胱气之实也。则宜泻之膀胱气不足则寒气客之。胞滑。小便数而多也。面色黑。是膀胱之气虚也。则宜补之。
膀胱如同水，在冬季旺盛。足太阳膀胱经是其经脉，是肾的腑。五谷五味的津液，都汇聚到膀胱。经过气化作用，分流进入血脉，从而形成骨髓。而多余的津液流入膀胱（此处“胞”指膀胱），就变成小便。如果膀胱气盛属于有余，就会发生热病，膀胱涩滞导致小便不通，小腹部偏向一侧肿胀疼痛，这是膀胱气的实证，就应该用泻法。如果膀胱气不足，寒气就会侵袭它，膀胱松弛，小便频数且量多，面色发黑，这是膀胱气虚证，就应该用补法。
三焦者。上焦中焦下焦是也。上焦之气。出于胃上口。并咽以贯鬲。布胸内。走腋。循太阴之分而行。上至舌。下至足阳明。常与营卫俱行。主纳而不出也。中焦之气。亦并于胃口。出上焦之后。此受气者。泌糟粕。承津液。化为精微。上注于肺脉。乃化而为血。主不上不下也。下焦之气。别回肠。注于膀胱而渗入焉。主出而不纳。故水谷常并居于胃。成糟粕而俱下于大肠也。谓此三气。焦干水谷。分别清浊。故名三焦。三焦为水谷之道路。气之所终始也。三焦气盛为有余。则胀。气满于皮肤内。轻轻然而不牢。或小便涩。或大便难。是为三焦之实也。则宜泻之。三焦之气不足。则寒气客之。病遗尿。或泻利。或胸满。或食不消。是三焦之气虚也。则宜补之。诊其寸口脉迟。上焦有寒。尺脉迟。下焦有寒。尺脉浮者。客阳在下焦。
三焦分为上焦、中焦、下焦。上焦的气，从胃的上口发出，沿着咽喉贯穿膈肌，散布在胸腔内，走向腋下，沿着手太阴肺经的分布区域运行，向上到达舌头，向下连接足阳明胃经，经常与营气、卫气一起运行，主要功能是受纳而不外泄。中焦的气，也汇聚于胃脘部，位于上焦之后，这是接受水谷之气的部位，它分离糟粕，承接津液，将其转化为精微物质，向上注入肺脉，进而化生为血液，主要功能是不上不下的中间状态。下焦的气，分别自回肠分出，注入膀胱并渗透其中，主要功能是排出而不受纳。所以水谷通常同时存在于胃中，消化后成为糟粕一起下行进入大肠。称这三种气能“焦”干水谷（意指通过气化作用使水谷干燥分解），分别清浊，所以称为三焦。三焦是水谷运行的道路，也是气开始和终结的地方。如果三焦气盛属于有余，就会出现胀满，气充满在皮肤之内，感觉轻浮而不坚实，或者小便涩滞，或者大便困难，这是三焦的实证，就应该用泻法。如果三焦气不足，寒气就会侵袭它，出现遗尿，或者腹泻痢疾，或者胸部胀满，或者食物不消化，这是三焦气虚证，就应该用补法。诊察寸口脉象迟缓，说明上焦有寒；尺脉迟缓，说明下焦有寒；尺脉浮的，说明客阳停留于下焦。
肝虚者。陈皮、生姜之类补之。虚则补其母。肾者肝之母也。以熟地、黄柏补之。如无他症。六味地黄丸主之。实则白芍泻之。如无他症。泻青丸主之。实则泻其子。以甘草泻心汤主之。心者肝之子也。
肝脏虚弱时，用陈皮、生姜之类的药物来补益。根据“虚则补其母”的原则，肾是肝的母亲，所以用熟地黄、黄柏来补益。如果没有其他症状，以六味地黄丸为主治方剂。肝脏实证时，用白芍来泻实。如果没有其他症状，以泻青丸为主治方剂。根据“实则泻其子”的原则，用甘草泻心汤来主治。因为心是肝的子脏。
心虚者。炒盐补之。虚则补其母。肝者心之母。生姜补之。如无他症。以安神丸主之。实则甘草泻之。如无他症。重则泻心汤。轻则导赤散主之。
心脏虚弱时，用炒盐来补益。根据“虚则补其母”的原则，肝是心的母亲，所以用生姜来补益。如果没有其他症状，以安神丸为主治方剂。心脏实证时，用甘草来泻实。如果没有其他症状，病情重的用泻心汤，病情轻的用导赤散主治。
脾虚者。甘草、大枣之类补之。虚则补其母。心乃脾之母。以炒盐补之。实则泻其子。肺乃脾之子。以桑白皮主之。又云。实则黄连、枳实泻之。如无他症。益黄散主之。
脾脏虚弱时，用甘草、大枣之类的药物来补益。根据“虚则补其母”的原则，心是脾的母亲，所以用炒盐来补益。脾脏实证时，要泻其子脏。肺是脾的子脏，所以用桑白皮来主治。又说，脾脏实证时用黄连、枳实来泻实。如果没有其他症状，以益黄散为主治方剂。
肺虚者。五味子补之。实则桑白皮泻之。如无他症。阿胶散。虚则补其母。脾乃肺之母以甘草、大枣补脾。实则泻其子。肾乃肺之子。以泽泻泻肾。
肺脏虚弱时，用五味子来补益。肺脏实证时，用桑白皮来泻实。如果没有其他症状，用阿胶散。根据“虚则补其母”的原则，脾是肺的母亲，所以用甘草、大枣来补脾。肺脏实证时，要泻其子脏。肾是肺的子脏，所以用泽泻来泻肾。
肾虚者。熟地、黄柏补之。肾无实不可泻。钱仲阳止有补肾地黄丸。无泻肾药。虚则补其母。肺乃肾之母。以五味子补肺。
肾脏虚弱时，用熟地黄、黄柏来补益。肾脏没有实证，不可以用泻法。钱乙（字仲阳）只有补肾地黄丸，没有治疗肾脏实证的药物。根据“虚则补其母”的原则，肺是肾的母亲，所以用五味子来补肺。
Bladder is analogous to water. It flourishes in winter. The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian (Zú Tàiyáng Pángguāng Jīng) is its meridian, and it is the Fu organ of the Kidney. The fluids from the five grains and five flavors all converge into the Bladder. Through Qi transformation (Qì Huà), they are divided and enter the blood vessels to form bone marrow. The surplus fluids enter the bladder (referred to as "bao" here), becoming urine. If the Qi of the Bladder is excessive, it constitutes a Fullness syndrome, leading to heat diseases. The bladder becomes obstructed, causing urinary retention, and swelling and pain on one side of the lower abdomen; this is the Excess syndrome of Bladder Qi, which should be treated with draining methods. If the Qi of the Bladder is deficient, cold pathogenic factors invade it. The bladder becomes lax, resulting in frequent and profuse urination, and a dark complexion; this is the Deficiency syndrome of Bladder Qi, which should be treated with tonifying methods.
The Sanjiao (Triple Burner) consists of the Upper, Middle, and Lower Burners. The Qi of the Upper Burner originates from the upper opening of the stomach, travels along the pharynx through the diaphragm, spreads within the chest, moves to the axilla, follows the distribution of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, ascends to the tongue, and descends to connect with the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It often moves together with Ying-Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei-Qi (Defensive Qi), primarily responsible for receiving and retaining without excreting externally. The Qi of the Middle Burner also converges at the stomach region, emerging after the Upper Burner. This is where food qi is received; it separates dregs, receives fluids, transforms them into fine essences, and directs them upward to the lung vessels, where they transform into blood. Its function is neither ascending nor descending but intermediate. The Qi of the Lower Burner diverges from the ileum, pours into the bladder, and permeates it. Its function is excretion without reception. Thus, food and drink usually reside together in the stomach, become dregs, and descend together into the large intestine. These three types of Qi "scorch" or process food and drink, separating the clear from the turbid, hence named Sanjiao. The Sanjiao is the pathway for food and drink, and the beginning and end of Qi. If the Qi of the Sanjiao is excessive, distension occurs. Qi fills the interior of the skin, feeling light and unstable, or there may be difficult urination or constipation; this is the Excess syndrome of Sanjiao, which should be treated with draining methods. If the Qi of the Sanjiao is deficient, cold pathogenic factors invade it, leading to enuresis, diarrhea or dysentery, chest fullness, or indigestion; this is the Deficiency syndrome of Sanjiao Qi, which should be treated with tonifying methods. Palpating the Cun Kou pulse: if slow, there is cold in the Upper Burner; if the Chi pulse is slow, there is cold in the Lower Burner; if the Chi pulse is floating, there is wandering Yang residing in the Lower Burner.
When the Liver is deficient, use drugs such as Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) and Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) to tonify. According to the principle "tonify the mother when deficient," since the Kidney is the mother of the Liver, use Shudi (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) to tonify. If there are no other symptoms, Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) is the primary formula. When the Liver is excess, use Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) to drain. If there are no other symptoms, Xieqing Wan (Drain-Green Pill) is the primary formula. According to the principle "drain the child when excess," use Gancao Xiexin Tang (Licorice Decoction for Draining the Heart) as the primary treatment, because the Heart is the child of the Liver.
When the Heart is deficient, use fried salt to tonify. According to the principle "tonify the mother when deficient," since the Liver is the mother of the Heart, use Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) to tonify. If there are no other symptoms, Anshen Wan (Calming Spirit Pill) is the primary formula. When the Heart is excess, use Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) to drain. If there are no other symptoms, for severe cases use Xiexin Tang (Drain-the-Heart Decoction); for mild cases, use Daochi San (Guide Out Red Powder).
When the Spleen is deficient, use drugs such as Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) to tonify. According to the principle "tonify the mother when deficient," since the Heart is the mother of the Spleen, use fried salt to tonify. When the Spleen is excess, drain its child. The Lung is the child of the Spleen, so use Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex) as the primary treatment. It is also said that for Spleen excess, use Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) to drain. If there are no other symptoms, Yihuang San (Benefit-Yellow Powder) is the primary formula.
When the Lung is deficient, use Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) to tonify. When the Lung is excess, use Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex) to drain. If there are no other symptoms, use Ejiao San (Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder). According to the principle "tonify the mother when deficient," since the Spleen is the mother of the Lung, tonify the Spleen with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus). When the Lung is excess, drain its child. The Kidney is the child of the Lung, so use Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) to drain the Kidney.
When the Kidney is deficient, use Shudi (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) to tonify. The Kidney has no excess conditions and cannot be drained. Qian Zhongyang (Qian Yi) only had Bushen Dihuang Wan (Tonify-Kidney Rehmannia Pill) and no drugs for draining the Kidney. According to the principle "tonify the mother when deficient," since the Lung is the mother of the Kidney, use Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) to tonify the Lung.