小儿惊痫者。世俗之总名。须分轻重也，轻者但身热面赤。睡眠不安。悸惕上窜。不发摇者。此名惊也。重
者上视身强。手足拳。发
搐者。此名痫也。其发搐之病，最为重大。必有因渐。亦有将发之候。以明之也。养小儿之家。若能辨之。求治
于未发之前。不惟易愈。又不至于危殆。今集欲发搐候下项。
目上视喜惕者。欲发搐也。身热项强。常汗出者。欲发搐也。手足喜振掉者。欲发搐也。摇头弄舌者。欲发
搐也。喜欠目直面青者。欲发搐也。潮热或壮热不歇者。欲发搐也。睡中时笑。或狂语言。手足摇动者。欲发搐
也。鼻中燥。大便小便不利者。欲发搐也。发上逆。啼。面暗色不变者。欲发搐也。身热吐 喘粗者。欲发搐
也。噫气下而妄怒者。欲发搐也。鼻口青。喜忪悸者。欲发搐也。切牙甚者。欲发搐也。目直色赤或青者。欲发
搐也。瞳子卒大异常者。欲发搐也。面色青黄。上窜气急者。欲发搐也。眼斜视者。欲发搐也。咽乳不和或
噎乳。唇舌紧者。欲发搐也。涎盛膈壅。呀呷有声者。欲发搐也。卧而不安。身热不乳。数惕跳者。欲发搐也。
体热口中气亦热。面目青。呵欠顿闷者。欲发搐也。掌中赤。印内青筋见。怕物生涎者。欲发搐也。吐痢不止。
厥痛时起者。欲发搐也。唇口颊腮青。手足心皆热喜冷者。欲发搐也。目痴昏闷。撮口吐
舌者。欲发搐也。身热小便难。或目直视。或视不精。皆欲发搐也。
孙真人曰。小儿眠睡不稳。或身热之时。见有诸小惊之证。辄紫丸微下之。减其盛气。令终不病痫发搐也。
月用一次甚佳。（方已在前变蒸门中）
小儿惊痫，是世俗对这类疾病的统称。必须区分其轻重程度：轻症仅表现为身体发热、面色红赤、睡眠不安稳、心悸惊恐且向上窜动，但不发生肢体摇动抽搐的，称为“惊”。重症则表现为眼球上翻、身体僵硬、手足握拳、头发竖起并伴有抽搐的，称为“痫”。其中，“发搐”（抽搐）这一病症最为严重，必定有逐渐形成的病因，也有即将发作的先兆征候，需要加以阐明。养育小儿的家庭，如果能够辨识这些先兆，在抽搐尚未发作之前寻求治疗，不仅容易治愈，而且可以避免病情危重危险。现在汇集“欲发搐”（即将发生抽搐）的各种征候如下：
眼睛向上看且喜欢惊恐的，是即将发生抽搐。身体发热、颈部僵硬、经常出汗的，是即将发生抽搐。手脚喜欢震颤抖动的，是即将发生抽搐。摇头弄舌的，是即将发生抽搐。喜欢打哈欠、眼睛直视、面色发青的，是即将发生抽搐。潮热或高热不退的，是即将发生抽搐。睡觉时时常发笑，或者胡言乱语、手足摇动的，是即将发生抽搐。鼻孔干燥、大小便不利的，是即将发生抽搐。气逆上冲、啼哭、面色晦暗不变的，是即将发生抽搐。身体发热、呕吐、呼吸粗重的，是即将发生抽搐。嗳气向下而无故发怒的，是即将发生抽搐。鼻口周围发青、喜欢惊慌心悸的，是即将发生抽搐。咬牙严重的，是即将发生抽搐。眼睛直视、面色红赤或发青的，是即将发生抽搐。瞳孔突然变大异常的，是即将发生抽搐。面色青黄、气急上窜的，是即将发生抽搐。眼睛斜视的，是即将发生抽搐。吃奶不协调或呛奶、嘴唇舌头紧绷的，是即将发生抽搐。唾液增多、胸膈壅塞、呼吸有声的，是即将发生抽搐。躺卧不安稳、身体发热、不吃奶、频繁惊恐跳动的，是即将发生抽搐。身体发热、口中气息也热、面目发青、打哈欠且感到困闷的，是即将发生抽搐。手掌心发红、掌心纹路内青色筋脉显现、害怕物体且流口水的，是即将发生抽搐。呕吐腹泻不止、四肢厥冷疼痛不时发作的，是即将发生抽搐。嘴唇、口角、脸颊、腮部发青、手心脚心都发热且喜欢冷的，是即将发生抽搐。眼神呆滞昏沉、撮口吐舌的，是即将发生抽搐。身体发热、小便困难，或者眼睛直视、或者视力模糊不清的，都是即将发生抽搐。
孙思邈说：小儿睡眠不稳，或者身体发热的时候，见到有各种轻微惊风的证候，就用紫丸稍微通下，以削弱其亢盛的病气，从而保证最终不会患上痫病和抽搐。（该方剂已在前面“变蒸”章节中列出）。
Pediatric "Jing Xian" (Startle and Epilepsy) is a general term used by the common people for such diseases. It is necessary to distinguish between mild and severe cases. In mild cases, there is only body heat, redness of the face, restless sleep, palpitations with startle and upward gazing movements, but without limb shaking or convulsions; this is called "Jing" (Startle). In severe cases, there is upward gazing of the eyes, rigidity of the body, clenched fists and toes, raised hair, and convulsions; this is called "Xian" (Epilepsy). Among these, the condition of "Fa Chu" (Convulsion) is the most critical. It must have a gradual cause, and there are also prodromal signs before onset that need to be clarified. Families raising children, if they can identify these signs and seek treatment before the convulsion occurs, will not only find it easier to cure but also avoid critical danger. The following are collected as the prodromal signs of impending convulsion:
Eyes looking upward with frequent startle indicates impending convulsion. Body heat, neck stiffness, and frequent sweating indicate impending convulsion. Frequent trembling or shaking of hands and feet indicates impending convulsion. Shaking the head and playing with the tongue indicates impending convulsion. Frequent yawning, staring straight ahead, and bluish complexion indicate impending convulsion. Tidal fever or persistent high fever indicates impending convulsion. Laughing frequently during sleep, or speaking deliriously with shaking hands and feet indicates impending convulsion. Dry nose and difficulty in urination or defecation indicate impending convulsion. Qi rebelling upward, crying, and unchanging dull complexion indicate impending convulsion. Body heat, vomiting, and coarse breathing indicate impending convulsion. Belching downward with irrational anger indicates impending convulsion. Bluish color around the nose and mouth, with frequent palpitations and startle indicates impending convulsion. Severe teeth grinding indicates impending convulsion. Staring eyes with red or bluish complexion indicates impending convulsion. Sudden abnormal enlargement of the pupils indicates impending convulsion. Bluish-yellow complexion with rapid breathing and upward qi movement indicates impending convulsion. Strabismus (deviated gaze) indicates impending convulsion. Difficulty in suckling or choking on milk, with tight lips and tongue indicates impending convulsion. Excessive saliva, chest diaphragm congestion, and noisy breathing indicate impending convulsion. Restless lying down, body heat, refusal to nurse, and frequent startled jumping indicate impending convulsion. Body heat, hot breath from the mouth, bluish face and eyes, yawning accompanied by drowsiness indicates impending convulsion. Red palms, visible blue veins in the palm creases, fear of objects, and excessive salivation indicate impending convulsion. Unstopping vomiting and diarrhea, with intermittent cold limbs and pain indicates impending convulsion. Bluish lips, corners of the mouth, cheeks, and jaw, with hot palms and soles and preference for cold indicates impending convulsion. Dull and confused eyes, puckering the mouth and protruding the tongue indicates impending convulsion. Body heat with difficult urination, or staring eyes, or blurred vision, all indicate impending convulsion.
Sun Simiao said: When infants have unstable sleep or body heat, and exhibit various minor signs of startle, one should use Zi Wan (Purple Pill) to slightly induce purgation, thereby reducing the excess pathogenic qi, ensuring that epilepsy and convulsions do not ultimately develop. Using it once a month is very effective. (The formula has been listed earlier in the section on Bian Zheng).