（身有虱附）
《巢氏病源》小儿头多虱生疮候∶虱者，按九虫论云，蛲虫多所变化，亦变为虱，而小儿头栉沐不时，则虱生滋长
偏多，啮头遂至生疮，疮处虱聚也，谓之虱巢。然人体性自有偏多虱者。
《婴孺》治小儿头中虱方
水银（一黑豆大，油一枣大。）
上掌中唾和研，涂头皮，令薄遍，帛裹，半日虱除。
《王氏手集》治小儿头并身多有虱者方。
上以百部烂嚼于头上身边搽之，其虱自干死落地。或焙干，水调涂之。或干掺之皆妙。
《巢氏病源》小儿落床损瘀候∶血之在身，随气而行，常无停积。若因堕落损伤，即血行失度，随伤损之处
即停。若流入腹内，亦积聚不散，皆成瘀血。凡瘀血在内，颜色痿黄，气息微喘，涩涩小寒，嗡嗡微热，或时
刺痛也。
《葛氏肘后》若堕落有血壮热，不食乳哺者方。
大黄 黄连 蒲黄（各二分） 芒硝（一分半）
上以水二升煮取一升去滓，内芒硝，分二服，大小便并即愈。
《千金》治小儿落床堕地，如有瘀血腹中阴阴寒热，不肯乳哺，但啼哭叫唤。蒲黄汤方
蒲黄 大黄 黄芩 麦门冬（各十铢） 甘草（炙，八铢） 芒硝（七铢） 黄连（十二铢）
上七味 咀，以水二升煮去一升去滓，内芒硝，分三服消息。视儿羸瘦半之，大小便血即愈，忌冷食。
《千金》当归散 主落马堕车诸伤，腕折臂脚痛不止方。
当归 桂心 蜀椒 附子（炮，去皮脐。各二分） 芎 （六分） 甘草（五分，炙） 泽兰（一分）
上七味并熬令香，治下筛，酒服方寸匕，日三。凡是伤损皆服之，十日愈。小儿亦同。《救急方》云∶治堕马落车，
被打伤腕折臂，叫痛唤声不绝，服此散，呼吸之间不复大痛，十三日筋骨相连。
《千金翼》马蹄散 主被打肠中瘀血方。
上白马蹄烧令烟尽，捣、筛为散，酒服方寸匕，日三夜一。亦主女人病，血消之为水。
《千金翼》蒲黄散 主被打腹中有瘀血方。
蒲黄（一升） 当归 桂心（各二两）
上三味捣，筛为散，酒服方寸匕，日三夜一。
《圣惠》治小儿落床堕地如有瘀血腹中痛。蒲黄散方
蒲黄 川大黄（锉，微炒） 当归（炒） 琥珀 生干地黄 赤芍药（各半两） 桂心（一分）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓，不计时候温服。量儿大小加减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿落床伤于肢节青瘀疼痛。地黄散方
生干地黄（半两） 川大黄 当归（二味各锉炒） 桂心 赤芍药 蒲黄 甜瓜子 桃仁（汤浸，去皮尖、双仁，
麸炒微黄，以上各一分）
上件药捣，细罗为散。每服不计时候，用酒半合，生地黄汁半合相合暖，令温，调下半服。量儿大小加减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿落床体热疼痛。犀角散方
犀角（屑） 赤芍药 芎 当归（锉，微炒） 甘草（炙微赤，锉。各一分） 川大黄（半两，锉，微炒）
上件药捣，粗罗为细散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓，不计时候温服。量儿大小加减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿落床体热惊悸。茯神散方
茯神（半两） 龙胆 人参 子芩 犀角（屑） 麦门冬（去心，焙） 甘草（炙微赤，锉。各一分）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓，不计时候。量儿大小分减温服。
《婴孺》治小儿堕地有瘀血在腹中，天阴则翕翕寒热，不肯乳哺但呼啼方。
蒲黄 大黄 甘草（各十铢） 麦门冬（十五铢） 黄连（十二铢）
上以水二升煮一升，为三服。量儿大小与之。忌生冷、菘菜、冷水。
张涣蒲黄汤方 治打扑或落床堕地至损吐气羸瘦痿黄，或时刺痛游走不定。
蒲黄 生干地黄 当归（洗炒。各一两） 赤芍药 琥珀 桂心（各半两）
上件药捣，罗为细末。每服一钱，水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓，温服。量儿大小加减。
张涣又方茯神丹
茯神 麦门冬（汤浸去心） 当归（洗焙干。各一两） 人参（去芦头） 黄芩 龙胆草（各半两）
以上为细末，次用∶桃仁（汤浸去皮尖，炒香熟，半两）
上件同再细研，拌匀炼蜜和丸黍米大。每服十粒，用生地黄汁少许同酒下。量儿大小加减。
《巢氏病源》中关于小儿头部多生虱子并引发疮疡的论述：虱子，根据《九虫论》记载，蛲虫会发生多种变化，也能变成虱子。如果小儿头部梳洗不及时，虱子就会滋生繁衍，数量偏多，叮咬头部从而导致生疮，疮处聚集的虱子被称为“虱巢”。然而，人体体质本身就有容易多生虱子的情况。
《婴孺》治疗小儿头部生虱子的方剂：
水银（用量如一颗黑豆大小），油（用量如一颗枣大小）。
将上述药物放在手掌中，用唾液调和研磨均匀，涂抹在头皮上，要求薄而均匀地涂遍，然后用丝绸包裹，半天后虱子即可去除。
《王氏手集》治疗小儿头部及全身多处生虱子的方剂：
将百部嚼烂，涂抹在头部和身体周围，虱子自然会干枯死亡掉落。或者将百部焙干，用水调匀后涂抹。或者直接干撒粉末，效果都很好。
《巢氏病源》中关于小儿从床上跌落导致瘀血的论述：血液在体内，随着气运行，通常不会停滞积聚。如果因坠落损伤，就会导致血行失常，随着受伤的部位停留下来。如果流入腹内，也会积聚不散，都形成瘀血。凡是体内有瘀血，面色萎黄，气息轻微喘息，感觉微微发冷，伴有轻微发热，有时会出现刺痛感。
《葛氏肘后方》治疗因坠落导致瘀血、壮热、不吃奶的方剂：
大黄、黄连、蒲黄（各二分），芒硝（一分半）。
以上药物用水二升煮取一升，去渣，加入芒硝，分两次服用，大小便通畅后即可痊愈。
《千金方》治疗小儿从床上或地上跌落，腹部如有瘀血，感到隐隐寒热，不肯吃奶，只是啼哭叫唤的蒲黄汤方：
蒲黄、大黄、黄芩、麦门冬（各十铢），甘草（炙，八铢），芒硝（七铢），黄连（十二铢）。
以上七味药切碎，用水二升煮取一升，去渣，加入芒硝，分三次服用，根据病情调整。如果患儿消瘦羸弱，剂量减半，待大小便出血症状消失即愈，忌食冷食。
《千金方》当归散，主治落马、堕车等各种外伤，手腕骨折、手臂腿部疼痛不止的方剂：
当归、桂心、蜀椒、附子（炮制，去皮脐，各二分），川芎（六分），甘草（五分，炙），泽兰（一分）。
以上七味药一起熬至香气溢出，捣碎过筛，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次。凡是伤损都可以服用，十日可愈。小儿同样适用。《救急方》记载：治疗坠马落车，被打伤手腕骨折手臂，叫声痛苦不停，服用此散，呼吸之间不再剧烈疼痛，十三日筋骨连接愈合。
《千金翼方》马蹄散，主治被打导致肠中有瘀血的方剂：
取白马蹄烧至烟尽，捣碎、过筛制成散剂，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次，夜间一次。也主治妇女疾病，血消解化为水液的情况。
《千金翼方》蒲黄散，主治被打导致腹中有瘀血的方剂：
蒲黄（一升），当归、桂心（各二两）。
以上三味药捣碎、过筛制成散剂，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次，夜间一次。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿从床上跌落，腹部如有瘀血疼痛的蒲黄散方：
蒲黄、川大黄（锉碎，微炒）、当归（炒）、琥珀、生干地黄、赤芍药（各半两），桂心（一分）。
以上药物捣碎，粗罗制成散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，煎至五分，去渣，不限时候温服。根据患儿大小加减剂量服用。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿从床上跌落，肢体关节青紫瘀血疼痛的地黄散方：
生干地黄（半两），川大黄、当归（这两味药各锉碎炒制），桂心、赤芍药、蒲黄、甜瓜子、桃仁（汤浸，去皮尖、双仁，麸炒微黄，以上各一分）。
以上药物捣碎，细罗制成散剂。每次服用不限时候，用酒半合，生地黄汁半合混合加热至温，调服半服。根据患儿大小加减剂量服用。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿从床上跌落，身体发热疼痛的犀角散方：
犀角（屑），赤芍药，川芎，当归（锉碎，微炒），甘草（炙微赤，锉碎，各一分），川大黄（半两，锉碎，微炒）。
以上药物捣碎，粗罗制成细散。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，煎至五分，去渣，不限时候温服。根据患儿大小加减剂量服用。
《圣惠方》治疗小儿从床上跌落，身体发热惊悸的茯神散方：
茯神（半两），龙胆，人参，子芩，犀角（屑），麦门冬（去心，焙干），甘草（炙微赤，锉碎，各一分）。
以上药物捣碎，粗罗制成散剂。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，煎至五分，去渣，不限时候。根据患儿大小分次减量温服。
《婴孺》治疗小儿跌落地，腹中有瘀血，阴天则忽冷忽热，不肯吃奶只是呼啼的方剂：
蒲黄、大黄、甘草（各十铢），麦门冬（十五铢），黄连（十二铢）。
以上药物用水二升煮取一升，分为三次服用。根据患儿大小给予剂量。忌食生冷、白菜、冷水。
张涣蒲黄汤方，治疗打扑或落床跌地导致损伤，呕吐气息，身体羸瘦萎黄，有时刺痛游走不定：
蒲黄、生干地黄、当归（洗炒，各一两），赤芍药、琥珀、桂心（各半两）。
以上药物捣碎，罗制成细末。每次服用一钱，用水一小盏，煎至五分，去渣，温服。根据患儿大小加减剂量。
张涣又方茯神丹：
茯神、麦门冬（汤浸去心）、当归（洗焙干，各一两），人参（去芦头），黄芩、龙胆草（各半两）。
以上药物制成细末，另外准备：桃仁（汤浸去皮尖，炒香熟，半两）。
以上药物一同再次细研，拌匀，用炼蜜和丸，做成黍米大小的药丸。每次服用十粒，用少许生地黄汁同酒送下。根据患儿大小加减剂量。
(Infestation of Lice on the Body)
From *Chao Shi Bing Yuan* (Source of Diseases by Chao Yuanfang), regarding the condition of infants and children with many lice on the head causing sores: Lice, according to the *Jiu Chong Lun* (Treatise on Nine Parasites), are said to undergo various transformations from pinworms (Ascaris lumbricoides/variations) and can also become lice. If an infant's or child's head is not combed and washed in a timely manner, lice will breed and multiply, becoming numerous. Their biting on the head leads to sores; the accumulation of lice at the sore site is called a "louse nest" (Shi Chao). However, some individuals naturally have a constitution prone to lice infestation.
From *Ying Ru*, a prescription for treating head lice in infants and children:
Mercury (amount equal to one black bean), Oil (amount equal to one jujube).
Place the above ingredients in the palm, mix and grind with saliva until uniform. Apply thinly and evenly over the scalp, wrap with silk cloth, and leave for half a day to remove lice.
From *Wang Shi Shou Ji*, a prescription for treating lice on the head and body of infants and children:
Mash *Radix Stemona* (Baibu) and apply it to the head and surrounding body areas; the lice will dry up, die, and fall off. Alternatively, bake *Radix Stemona* until dry, mix with water for application, or sprinkle the dry powder directly. All methods are effective.
From *Chao Shi Bing Yuan*, regarding the condition of bruising and blood stasis after an infant falls from a bed: Blood circulates with Qi throughout the body and usually does not stagnate. If injury occurs due to falling, blood circulation becomes irregular and stagnates at the site of injury. If it flows into the abdomen, it accumulates and does not disperse, forming blood stasis (Yu Xue). In cases of internal blood stasis, the complexion may appear sallow (Wei Huang), breath may be slightly panting, there may be a sensation of slight chills, low-grade fever, or occasional stabbing pain.
From *Ge Shi Zhou Hou Fang*, a prescription for treating high fever, refusal to suckle, and blood stasis caused by falling:
*Rhizoma et Radix Rhei* (Dahuang), *Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis* (Huanglian), *Sporae Pteridis* (Puhuang) (each 2 fen), *Natrii Sulfas* (Mangxiao) (1.5 fen).
Boil the first three ingredients in two sheng of water to obtain one sheng, strain, add Mangxiao, and divide into two doses. Recovery occurs when urination and defecation normalize.
From *Qian Jin Fang*, Puhuang Decoction for treating infants who have fallen from beds or ground, presenting with abdominal blood stasis, vague alternating cold and heat sensations, refusal to suckle, and constant crying/wailing:
*Sporae Pteridis* (Puhuang), *Rhizoma et Radix Rhei* (Dahuang), *Cortex Scutellariae* (Huangqin), *Fructus Ophiopogonis* (Maimendong) (each 10 zhu), *Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata* (Gancao, prepared) (8 zhu), *Natrii Sulfas* (Mangxiao) (7 zhu), *Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis* (Huanglian) (12 zhu).
Coarsely crush the seven herbs, boil in two sheng of water to obtain one sheng, strain, add Mangxiao, and divide into three doses, adjusting based on the condition. If the child is emaciated, halve the dose. Recovery is indicated by the cessation of bloody stool/urine. Avoid cold food.
From *Qian Jin Fang*, Danggui San, primarily for injuries from falling off horses or carts, such as wrist fractures or persistent arm/leg pain:
*Radix Angelicae Sinensis* (Danggui), *Cortex Cinnamomi* (Guixin), *Pericarpium Zanthoxyli* (Shujiao), *Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata* (Fuzi, processed, skin and lateral roots removed, each 2 fen), *Radix Chuanxiong* (Xiongnu) (6 fen), *Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata* (Gancao, prepared) (5 fen), *Herba Lycopi* (Zelan) (1 fen).
Roast the seven herbs until fragrant, crush, sieve, and take one fangcun bi with wine, three times daily. This can be taken for all types of injuries, with recovery in ten days. Applicable to children as well. *Jiuji Fang* states: For falls from horses/carts, bruises, wrist/arm fractures with continuous cries of pain, taking this powder reduces severe pain almost instantly, and bone/tendon connection heals in thirteen days.
From *Qian Jin Yi Fang*, Matihong San, primarily for intestinal blood stasis caused by beating:
Burn white horse hooves until smoke ceases, crush, sieve into powder, and take one fangcun bi with wine, three times daily and once at night. Also treats women's diseases involving blood dissolving into fluid.
From *Qian Jin Yi Fang*, Puhuang San, primarily for abdominal blood stasis caused by beating:
*Sporae Pteridis* (Puhuang) (1 sheng), *Radix Angelicae Sinensis* (Danggui), *Cortex Cinnamomi* (Guixin) (each 2 liang).
Crush and sieve the three herbs into powder, take one fangcun bi with wine, three times daily and once at night.
From *Sheng Hui Fang*, Puhuang San for treating abdominal pain due to blood stasis after an infant falls from a bed:
*Sporae Pteridis* (Puhuang), *Rhizoma et Radix Rhei* (Chuan Dahuang, crushed, lightly stir-fried), *Radix Angelicae Sinensis* (Danggui, stir-fried), *Electrum* (Hupo), *Radix Rehmanniae Preparata* (Sheng Gan Dihuang), *Radix Paeoniae Rubra* (Chishao Yao) (each 0.5 liang), *Cortex Cinnamomi* (Guixin) (1 fen).
Crush and coarsely sieve the herbs into powder. Take one qian per dose, decoct in one small cup of water until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain, and take warm at any time. Adjust dosage based on the child's age/size.
From *Sheng Hui Fang*, Dihuang San for treating bruising, pain, and swelling in limbs/joints after an infant falls from a bed:
*Radix Rehmanniae Preparata* (Sheng Gan Dihuang) (0.5 liang), *Rhizoma et Radix Rhei* (Chuan Dahuang), *Radix Angelicae Sinensis* (Danggui) (these two crushed and stir-fried), *Cortex Cinnamomi* (Guixin), *Radix Paeoniae Rubra* (Chishao Yao), *Sporae Pteridis* (Puhuang), *Semen Cucurbitae Glanduliferae* (Tian Guazi), *Semen Persicae* (Taoren, soaked in water, skin and pointed end removed, double-kernel removed, bran-stir-fried until slightly yellow, each 1 fen).
Crush and finely sieve the herbs into powder. Take at any time, mixing half a he of wine with half a he of fresh *Radix Rehmanniae* juice, warm, and take half a dose. Adjust dosage based on the child's age/size.
From *Sheng Hui Fang*, Xijiao San for treating body heat and pain after an infant falls from a bed:
*Cornu Bubali* (Xijiao, powdered), *Radix Paeoniae Rubra* (Chishao Yao), *Radix Chuanxiong* (Xiongnu), *Radix Angelicae Sinensis* (Danggui) (crushed, lightly stir-fried), *Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata* (Gancao, prepared until slightly red, crushed, each 1 fen), *Rhizoma et Radix Rhei* (Chuan Dahuang) (0.5 liang, crushed, lightly stir-fried).
Crush and coarsely sieve into fine powder. Take one qian per dose, decoct in one small cup of water until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain, and take warm at any time. Adjust dosage based on the child's age/size.
From *Sheng Hui Fang*, Fushen San for treating body heat and palpitations/fright after an infant falls from a bed:
*Poria Cum Radice Pinelli* (Fushen) (0.5 liang), *Radix Gentianae* (Longdan), *Radix Ginseng* (Renshen), *Cortex Scutellariae* (Zi Qin), *Cornu Bubali* (Xijiao, powdered), *Fructus Ophiopogonis* (Maimendong, heart removed, baked), *Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata* (Gancao, prepared until slightly red, crushed, each 1 fen).
Crush and coarsely sieve into powder. Take one qian per dose, decoct in one small cup of water until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain, and take warm at any time. Divide and reduce dosage based on the child's age/size.
From *Ying Ru*, a prescription for abdominal blood stasis after an infant falls, presenting with vague cold/heat sensations on cloudy days, refusal to suckle, and crying:
*Sporae Pteridis* (Puhuang), *Rhizoma et Radix Rhei* (Dahuang), *Radix Glycyrrhizae* (Gancao) (each 10 zhu), *Fructus Ophiopogonis* (Maimendong) (15 zhu), *Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis* (Huanglian) (12 zhu).
Boil in two sheng of water to obtain one sheng, divide into three doses. Administer based on the child's size. Avoid raw/cold foods, Chinese cabbage, and cold water.
Zhang Huan's Puhuang Tang, for treating injuries from blows or falls resulting in vomiting, Qi deficiency, emaciation, sallow complexion, or wandering stabbing pain:
*Sporae Pteridis* (Puhuang), *Radix Rehmanniae Preparata* (Sheng Gan Dihuang), *Radix Angelicae Sinensis* (Danggui, washed and stir-fried, each 1 liang), *Radix Paeoniae Rubra* (Chishao Yao), *Electrum* (Hupo), *Cortex Cinnamomi* (Guixin) (each 0.5 liang).
Crush and sieve into fine powder. Take one qian per dose, decoct in one small cup of water until reduced to 0.5 cup, strain, and take warm. Adjust dosage based on the child's size.
Zhang Huan's another formula, Fushen Dan:
*Poria Cum Radice Pinelli* (Fushen), *Fructus Ophiopogonis* (Maimendong, soaked and heart removed), *Radix Angelicae Sinensis* (Danggui, washed and dried, each 1 liang), *Radix Ginseng* (Renshen, rhizome removed), *Cortex Scutellariae* (Huangqin), *Radix Gentianae* (Longdan Cao) (each 0.5 liang).
Grind these into fine powder. Separately prepare: *Semen Persicae* (Taoren, soaked, skin/point removed, stir-fried until fragrant, 0.5 liang).
Grind all together again finely, mix well, and bind with refined honey into pills the size of millet seeds. Take ten pills per dose with a little fresh *Radix Rehmanniae* juice and wine. Adjust dosage based on the child's size.