《巢氏病源》痫候∶痫者，小儿病也。十岁以上为癫，十岁以下为痫。其发之状，或口眼相引而目睛上摇，
或手足掣 ，或背脊强直，或颈项反折。诸方说痫名证不同，大体其发之源，皆因三种。三种者，风痫、惊痫、
食痫是也。风痫者，因衣浓汗出而风入为之。惊痫者，因惊怖大啼乃发。食痫者，因乳哺不节所成。然小儿气
血微弱，易为伤动。因此三种，变作诸痫。凡诸痫正发，手足掣缩，慎勿捉持之，捉则令曲戾不随也。
茅先生小儿生下有中惊痫候∶瞪目，手双搐搦背脊强直，手足掣缩，壮热，数齿，时常发为惊痫。
茅先生小儿有中风痫候∶眼细 ，头项返辄，啼叫螈 ，肚中膨紧，屈指。此候春夏发或四季发，
故为之风痫。惊痫、风痫，凡有此二候，本因母将摄失理；或衣浓而出，腠理开张，风邪乘虚而入。所治者，
才见发时，急用睡惊膏（方见慢惊风门中）一服，半日间通下风涎恶物，便进匀气散（方见胃气不和门中）、醒脾散（有
二方，一方见胃气不和门中，一方见慢脾风门中）。与调，后常服朱砂膏（方见惊积门中）、雄朱散（方见惊痫门中），与
服即愈。
大凡痫病，亦分脏腑。浑身先微热而后发痫，即为腑病。其寸口脉浮，为阳痫，此犹易治。若先体不热，
不因惊触不啼不唤，而得脏病，为阴痫。脉证更。目直，不作声，眼生白障，牙关噤，肚胀不进食，下黑血，
死候不治。
汉东王先生《家宝》∶凡婴孩小儿累受其惊，用药不瘥，变作惊风。十岁以上为癫，十岁以下为痫。
风痫者，因出汗解脱，因风而入，谓之风痫。食痫者，因乳哺失节，多食硬物，致伤脏腑；或失疏利，
结积成块，变成其患。惊痫者，或因惊扑，大人高声叫唤，孩儿血气未成，精神未实，遂发惊痫。如有此三痫，
牙关不开，进药不得，宜先用开关散（方见一切痫门中）揩口两角，口自然开。然后根据次第用药，取效。
《婴音宝鉴》痫病死候∶手足螈 ，脉沉，身体软，不时醒，卧久不寤，腹满转鸣，口噤不进乳，反张强
直脊，吐痢不止，厥痛时起，下血，身热，痉，直视瞳子不动，汗出发热，不时手足螈 ，喜惊。
《惠眼观证》小儿痫候云∶发痫者，只因惊后，取惊气未尽；或当风坐立；或再惊着。其邪愈传归入心脏，
每邪气潮心，故令眼目翻张，非时搐搦。
《秘要指迷》痫候云∶凡痫疾有数般，不可尽述，且说五脏表里受风形状。初受惊痫，目反视，踞坐举头，
唇支青色，面青黄，此乃病传于肝。若唇黑，眼慢，旬日死。风痫口吐白沫，已传受心脏。放齿咬人，或即口
颊手指青黑，或醒而发。若指黑色面青黑，乃五日内死。脐风发痫，面虚肿搐搦，手足摇动，两睑白，病已传
肺。面如土色者，七日而死。搐搦，或梦中啼笑，下齿咬人，乃似慢脾形状。若眉带黑色，病传入肾。肾已绝，
旬日而死。脾痫之状，喉如锯鸣，多睡不进乳，口干唇赤，眼白多，此病旦夕而死。
《诸病源候论》痫病候：痫病，是小儿的疾病。十岁以上的称为癫，十岁以下的称为痫。其发作时的症状，有的口眼歪斜牵引且眼球上翻摇动，有的手足抽搐掣动，有的背脊强直，有的颈项向后反折。各方书对痫病的名称和证候说法不同，但大体上其发病的根源，都因三种原因。这三种就是：风痫、惊痫、食痫。风痫，是因为衣服厚重出汗后受风邪侵入所致。惊痫，是因为受到惊吓恐惧大声啼哭而引发。食痫，是因为哺乳喂养不节制所造成。然而小儿气血微弱，容易受到伤害扰动。因此这三种病因，变化产生各种痫病。凡是各种痫病正在发作时，手足抽搐收缩，千万不要强行捉持拉扯，否则会导致肢体弯曲畸形且活动不灵活。
茅先生论小儿出生后即有中惊痫候：瞪大眼睛，双手搐搦，背脊强直，手足抽搐收缩，高热，牙齿咬合（或磨牙），时常发作惊痫。
茅先生论小儿有中风痫候：眼睛细小眯缝，头项反复转动，啼叫并伴有抽搐，腹部膨隆紧绷，手指屈曲。这种候证在春夏季节发作或在四季任何时间发作，所以称之为风痫。惊痫、风痫，凡是有这两种候证，根本原因在于母亲孕期调摄失当；或者衣着厚重外出，腠理（皮肤毛孔）张开，风邪乘虚而入。治疗时，刚见到发作时，立即服用睡惊膏（方剂见慢惊风门中）一服，半日内通下风涎恶物，随后进服匀气散（方剂见胃气不和门中）、醒脾散（有两个方子，一个见胃气不和门中，一个见慢脾风门中）。配合调理，之后常服朱砂膏（方剂见惊积门中）、雄朱散（方剂见惊痫门中），服用后即可痊愈。
大凡痫病，也分脏腑。浑身先微热而后发作痫病，即为腑病。其寸口脉浮，为阳痫，这还比较容易治疗。如果先身体不发热，不因惊吓触动而不啼不唤，从而得脏病，为阴痫。脉证更复杂。目睛直视，不出声，眼睛生白翳，牙关紧闭，腹胀不进饮食，下黑血，这是死候，无法治疗。
汉东王先生《家宝》：凡是婴孩小儿屡次受到惊吓，用药后不愈，转变为惊风。十岁以上为癫，十岁以下为痫。风痫，是因为出汗脱衣，风邪侵入，称为风痫。食痫，是因为哺乳失去节制，多吃硬物，导致损伤脏腑；或者未能疏利通便，结积成块，变成此患。惊痫，可能是因为惊吓扑跌，大人高声叫唤，孩子血气未成，精神未实，于是发作惊痫。如果有这三种痫病，牙关紧闭不开，无法喂药，宜先用开关散（方剂见一切痫门中）揩擦嘴角两角，口自然张开。然后根据次序用药，以求见效。
《婴音宝鉴》痫病死候：手足抽搐，脉沉，身体软，不时清醒，躺久了不醒来，腹部胀满转鸣，牙关紧闭不进乳，角弓反张强直脊背，吐痢不止，厥痛时起，下血，身热，痉病，直视瞳孔不动，汗出发热，不时手足抽搐，易受惊吓。
《惠眼观证》小儿痫候说：发作痫病，只是因为受惊后，取惊气未尽；或者当风坐立；或者再次受惊。邪气逐渐传入归入心脏，每当邪气潮涌于心，所以令眼睛翻张，非时抽搐。
《秘要指迷》痫候说：凡是痫疾有好几种，不能尽述，暂且说五脏表里受风的形状。初受惊痫，眼睛反视，蹲坐举头，嘴唇支棱青色，面色青黄，这是病传于肝。如果嘴唇黑，眼神迟缓，十日死。风痫口吐白沫，已传受心脏。放齿咬人，或者口颊手指青黑，或者醒后发作。如果手指黑色面青黑，乃五日内死。脐风发痫，面部虚肿抽搐，手足摇动，两眼睑白，病已传肺。面色如土色者，七日而死。抽搐，或者梦中啼笑，下齿咬人，乃似慢脾风形状。如果眉带黑色，病传入肾。肾已绝，十日而死。脾痫之状，喉如锯鸣，多睡不进乳，口干唇赤，眼白多，此病旦夕而死。
*Chao Yuan-fang's "General Treatise on the Causes and Manifestations of Diseases"* (Niao Shi Bing Yuan), Epilepsy Syndrome: Epilepsy is a disease of children. Those over ten years old are termed Dian (Manic Epilepsy); those under ten years old are termed Xian (Childhood Epilepsy). During an attack, symptoms may include deviation of the mouth and eyes with upward rolling of the eyeballs, spasmodic jerking of the hands and feet, rigidity of the back and spine, or retrocollis (backward bending of the neck). Various medical texts differ in their names and descriptions of epilepsy, but generally, the source of its onset stems from three causes. These three are: Wind Epilepsy (Feng Xian), Shock Epilepsy (Jing Xian), and Food Epilepsy (Shi Xian). Wind Epilepsy arises when heavy clothing induces sweating, allowing wind pathogen to enter. Shock Epilepsy is triggered by fright, terror, and loud crying. Food Epilety results from irregular breastfeeding or feeding. However, infants and young children have weak Qi and Blood, making them susceptible to injury and disturbance. Consequently, these three causes transform into various forms of epilepsy. When any form of epilepsy is actively attacking, with spasmodic contraction of the hands and feet, one must strictly avoid grasping or pulling the limbs, as this will cause deformity and loss of mobility.
Master Mao discusses the syndrome of newborns suffering from Shock Epilepsy: Staring eyes, bilateral spasms of the hands, rigidity of the back and spine, spasmodic contraction of the hands and feet, high fever, teeth grinding/clenching, and frequent attacks of shock epilepsy.
Master Mao discusses the syndrome of Wind Epilepsy in children: Narrowed eyes, repetitive turning of the head and neck, crying accompanied by convulsions, abdominal distension and tightness, and flexion of the fingers. This syndrome occurs in spring and summer or throughout the four seasons; hence it is called Wind Epilepsy. For both Shock Epilepsy and Wind Epilepsy, if these syndromes are present, the root cause often lies in improper maternal care during pregnancy; such as going out with heavy clothing while pores (Cou Li) are open, allowing wind pathogen to invade due to deficiency. Upon the first sign of an attack, immediately administer Shui Jing Gao (Sleeping Shock Paste) [Formula see Section on Slow Convulsion] one dose. Within half a day, wind-phlegm and foul matter should be purged downwards. Subsequently, administer Yun Qi San (Harmonizing Qi Powder) [Formula see Section on Stomach Qi Disharmony] and Xing Pi San (Awakening Spleen Powder) [Two formulas exist: one in Section on Stomach Qi Disharmony, one in Section on Slow Spleen Wind]. After coordinating treatment, regularly administer Zhu Sha Gao (Cinnabar Paste) [Formula see Section on Shock Accumulation] and Xiong Zhu San (Realgar-Cinnabar Powder) [Formula see Section on Shock Epilepsy]. Administration leads to recovery.
Generally, epilepsy is also categorized by Zang-Fu organs. If the whole body feels slightly hot before the onset of epilepsy, it is a Fu organ disease. A floating pulse at the Cun Kou position indicates Yang Epilepsy, which is relatively easy to treat. If there is no initial body heat, and the child does not cry or respond to calls without prior fright or stimulation, it is a Zang organ disease, known as Yin Epilepsy. The pulse and signs become more complex. Symptoms include fixed staring, silence, white opacity in the eyes, locked jaw, abdominal distension with refusal to eat, passage of black blood. These are signs of death and are untreatable.
Mr. Wang of Handong, in *Jia Bao*: Whenever infants repeatedly suffer from fright and medication fails to cure, it transforms into Convulsive Disorder. Over ten years old is Dian; under ten is Xian. Wind Epilepsy occurs when sweat is released upon undressing, allowing wind to enter, thus named Wind Epilepsy. Food Epilepsy results from irregular feeding, excessive consumption of hard foods, damaging the Zang-Fu organs; or failure to promote bowel movement, leading to accumulation and mass formation, causing this affliction. Shock Epilepsy may arise from sudden fright or falls, or adults shouting loudly. Since the child's Qi and Blood are undeveloped and Spirit is not solid, Shock Epilepsy ensues. If any of these three epilepsies occur with a locked jaw preventing medication intake, first use Kai Guan San (Open Gate Powder) [Formula see Section on All Epilepsies] to rub the corners of the mouth until it opens naturally. Then proceed with sequential medication to achieve efficacy.
*Yin Yin Bao Jian*, Death Signs of Epilepsy: Spasms of hands and feet, deep pulse, soft body, intermittent consciousness, prolonged unresponsiveness after lying down, abdominal fullness with borborygmus, locked jaw refusing milk, opisthotonos (rigid arching of the back), continuous vomiting and diarrhea, recurring colic pain, hematochezia, fever, tetany, fixed gaze with immobile pupils, sweating with fever, intermittent spasms, and irritability/easily startled.
*Hui Yan Guan Zheng* states regarding childhood epilepsy: Onset of epilepsy is solely due to residual shock qi after fright; or sitting/standing exposed to wind; or repeated fright. The pathogen gradually transmits and enters the Heart. Whenever pathogenic qi surges into the Heart, it causes eye rolling and non-timed spasms.
*Mi Yao Zhi Mi* states regarding epilepsy: There are several types of epilepsy, too numerous to list completely. Here we describe the manifestations of wind invasion in the interior and exterior of the Five Zang organs. Initial Shock Epilepsy presents with eyes looking backward, squatting with head raised, protruding cyan lips, and yellowish-cyan complexion; this indicates transmission to the Liver. If lips are black and eyes are sluggish, death occurs in ten days. Wind Epilepsy presenting with foaming at the mouth indicates transmission to the Heart. Biting others, or cyan-black coloration of cheeks/fingers, or onset upon waking. If fingers are black and face is cyan-black, death occurs within five days. Umbilical Wind causing epilepsy with facial edema and spasms, shaking hands and feet, and white eyelids indicates transmission to the Lung. Earth-colored complexion indicates death in seven days. Spasms, laughing/crying in dreams, biting with lower teeth resembling Slow Spleen Wind. Black eyebrows indicate transmission to the Kidney. With Kidney exhaustion, death occurs in ten days. Spleen Epilepsy manifests as saw-like sounds in the throat, excessive sleepiness refusing milk, dry mouth with red lips, and prominent whites of the eyes; death comes soon (morning or evening).