杏仁煎 治小儿肺受热邪而患龟胸。
锦大黄（好酒九蒸九晒） 天门冬（去心） 真杏仁（去皮尖，取净仁） 淮木通（各一钱二分） 桑白皮
甜葶苈 熟石膏（各八分）
水煎，临卧时服，加增分两，以蜜为丸，徐服更妙。
松蕊丹 治小儿龟背，姑存之可也。
黄松花 陈枳壳 北防风 川独活（以上各一两） 净麻黄 信前胡 川大黄 青化桂（以上各五钱）
为末蜜丸绿豆大。每服十丸，米饮下。
六味地黄丸 方见卷一胎疾门。
四君子汤 方见卷三疟疾门。
六君子汤 方见卷二类搐门。
小儿鹤膝，因禀受肾虚，血气不充，以致肌肉瘦削，形如鹤膝，外色不变，膝内作痛，屈伸艰难。若 肿色
赤而作脓者，为外因可治；若肿硬色白不作脓者，是属本性难治。属外因者，十全大补汤加苍术、黄柏、防己；
属本性者，以六味地黄丸加鹿茸，补其精血。仍须调补脾胃，以助生化之源。
十全大补汤 方见卷一保产门。此加苍术、黄柏、防己。
六味地黄丸 方见卷一胎疾门。
小儿生后，有五软五硬之证，乃胎元怯弱，禀受先天阳气不足，不耐寒暑，少为六淫所犯，便尔五软见焉。
五软者，头项软、身体软、口软、肌肉软、手足软，是为五软。然头项软肝肾病也，肝主筋，肾主骨，肝肾不
足，故头项软而无力；手足软脾胃病也，脾主四肢，脾胃不足，故手软而懒于握，足软而慵于步也；身体软，
阳衰髓怯，遍身羸弱，而不能强立；口软者，虚舌退场门而懒于言；肌肉软者，肉少皮宽，肌体虚 之象也。总之，
本于先天不足，宜地黄丸以补肝肾。而更所重者在胃，盖胃为五脏六腑之化源，宜补中益气，升举其脾气。倘
得脾胃一旺，则脏气有所禀，诸软之证，其庶几矣。
五硬者，手硬，脚硬、腰硬、肉硬、颈硬也。仰头取气，难以动摇，气壅疼痛，连于胸膈，手心脚心，冰冷
而硬，此阳气不荣四末也，为独阴无阳，难治。若肚筋青急，乃木乘土位，俱宜六君子汤加姜、桂、升麻、柴
胡，以补脾平肝；若面青而小腹硬者，不治。
杏仁煎：治疗小儿因肺受热邪而引发的龟胸（胸骨前突畸形）。
药材组成：锦大黄（用优质酒蒸晒九次）、天门冬（去除心部）、真杏仁（去皮尖，取纯净种仁）、淮木通、桑白皮、甜葶苈、熟石膏（以上各一钱二分）。
用法：加水煎煮，临睡前服用；若增加剂量，可制成蜜丸，缓慢服用效果更佳。
松蕊丹：治疗小儿龟背（脊柱后凸畸形），此处仅存方以备参考。
药材组成：黄松花、陈枳壳、北防风、川独活（以上各一两）；净麻黄、信前胡、川大黄、青化桂（以上各五钱）。
制法与用法：研为细末，用蜂蜜制成如绿豆大小的丸剂。每次服用十丸，米汤送服。
六味地黄丸：方剂详见卷一“胎疾门”。
四君子汤：方剂详见卷三“疟疾门”。
六君子汤：方剂详见卷二类搐门。
小儿鹤膝风：因先天禀受肾虚，气血不充盈，导致肌肉消瘦，膝盖形态如鹤膝，外部颜色无变化，但膝内疼痛，屈伸困难。如果肿胀且色红有脓，属于外因所致，可以治愈；如果肿胀坚硬且色白无脓，属于本性虚弱所致，难以治愈。属于外因的，使用十全大补汤加入苍术、黄柏、防己；属于本性虚弱的，使用六味地黄丸加入鹿茸，以补益精血。同时必须调理补益脾胃，以助生化之源。
十全大补汤：方剂详见卷一“保产门”，此处需加入苍术、黄柏、防己。
六味地黄丸：方剂详见卷一“胎疾门”。
小儿出生后，出现五软五硬的证候，这是由于胎元怯弱，禀受先天阳气不足，不耐寒暑侵袭，稍受六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪）侵犯，便会出现五软症状。
所谓五软，是指头项软、身体软、口软、肌肉软、手足软。其中，头项软弱是肝肾病变，肝主筋，肾主骨，肝肾不足，所以头项软弱无力；手足软弱是脾胃病变，脾主四肢，脾胃不足，所以手软懒得握物，脚软懒得行走；身体软弱，是阳气衰微、骨髓怯弱，全身羸弱，无法挺直站立；口软，表现为舌头松弛下垂，懒得说话；肌肉软弱，表现为肉少皮宽，是肌体虚弱的征象。总之，这些症状根本在于先天不足，适宜用地黄丸来补益肝肾。然而更重视的是胃，因为胃是五脏六腑化生之源，适宜用补中益气汤提升脾气。倘若脾胃旺盛，则脏腑之气有所禀受，各种软弱之症大概就能痊愈了。
所谓五硬，是指手硬、脚硬、腰硬、肉硬、颈硬。患儿仰头呼吸，难以转动，气机壅滞疼痛，牵连胸膈，手心脚心冰冷且僵硬，这是阳气不能荣养四肢末端的表现，属于独阴无阳，难以治愈。如果肚脐周围筋脉青紫紧急，是肝木乘克脾土，均适宜使用六君子汤加入生姜、肉桂、升麻、柴胡，以补脾平肝；如果面色发青且小腹坚硬，则属不治之症。
Xingren Decoction (Apricot Kernel Decoction): Treats torticollis with protruding chest (Guixiong, a deformity characterized by anterior chest wall protrusion) in children caused by heat pathogen affecting the Lung.
Ingredients: Jin Dahuang (Cortex Rhei Preparata, steamed and sun-dried nine times with high-quality wine), Tiandongmen (Radix Asparagi, heart removed), Zhen Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum, skin and tip removed, pure kernel taken), Hua Mutong (Caulis Akebiae), Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori), Tiantingli (Semen Lepidii et Descurainiae), Shu Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum) — each 1 qian 2 fen.
Administration: Decoct in water and take before going to bed. If the dosage is increased, it can be made into honey pills for slow administration, which is more effective.
Songrui Dan (Pine Stamen Pill): Treats gibbus (Guibei, kyphosis/spinal curvature) in children; this formula is retained for reference only.
Ingredients: Huang Songhua (Pine Pollen), Chen Zhike (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae aged), Bei Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Chuan Duohuo (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) — each 1 liang; Jing Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae), Xin Qianhu (Radix Peucedani), Chuan Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Qing Huagui (Ramulus Cinnamomi) — each 5 qian.
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder, form into pills the size of mung beans using honey. Take 10 pills per dose, washed down with rice drink.
Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill): See Formula in Volume 1, Section on Congenital Diseases.
Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction): See Formula in Volume 3, Section on Malaria.
Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction): See Formula in Volume 2, Section on Convulsions.
Crane’s Knee Wind (Hexi Feng): Caused by congenital Kidney deficiency and insufficient Qi and Blood, leading to emaciated muscles and knees resembling those of a crane. The external color remains unchanged, but there is pain inside the knee and difficulty in flexion and extension. If swelling is red and suppurates, it is due to external causes and is treatable; if swelling is hard, white, and does not suppurate, it is due to constitutional weakness and is difficult to treat. For cases due to external causes, use Shiquan Dabu Tang (Ten Complete Tonifying Decoction) added with Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Huangbai (Cortex Phellodendri), and Fangji (Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae). For cases due to constitutional weakness, use Liuwei Dihuang Wan added with Lurong (Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum) to tonify Essence and Blood. It is also necessary to regulate and tonify the Spleen and Stomach to aid the source of transformation and production.
Shiquan Dabu Tang: See Formula in Volume 1, Section on Protecting Childbirth; add Cangzhu, Huangbai, and Fangji.
Liuwei Dihuang Wan: See Formula in Volume 1, Section on Congenital Diseases.
After birth, infants may present with the syndromes of Five Softnesses and Five Stiffnesses. This results from weak fetal origin and insufficiency of congenital Yang Qi, making them unable to withstand cold or heat. A slight invasion by the Six Exogenous Pathogens (Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) leads to the manifestation of the Five Softnesses.
The Five Softnesses refer to softness of the head and neck, body, mouth, muscles, and hands and feet. Softness of the head and neck is a disorder of the Liver and Kidney; the Liver governs tendons and the Kidneys govern bones. Insufficiency of Liver and Kidney results in weak head and neck control. Softness of hands and feet is a disorder of the Spleen and Stomach; the Spleen governs the four limbs. Insufficiency of Spleen and Stomach results in hands that are reluctant to grasp and feet that are sluggish in walking. Body softness indicates declining Yang Qi and weak marrow, causing general emaciation and inability to stand upright. Mouth softness manifests as a relaxed tongue protruding from the mouth and reluctance to speak. Muscle softness presents as scant flesh and loose skin, indicating vacuity of the muscular system. In summary, these conditions stem from congenital insufficiency and should be treated with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill) to tonify the Liver and Kidney. However, greater emphasis should be placed on the Stomach, as it is the source of transformation for the five Zang and six Fu organs. Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) should be used to raise Spleen Qi. If the Spleen and Stomach become robust, the Qi of the Zang organs will be nourished, and the various softness syndromes will likely resolve.
The Five Stiffnesses refer to stiffness of the hands, feet, waist, muscles, and neck. The infant extends the head to breathe, has difficulty moving, experiences Qi stagnation and pain radiating to the chest and diaphragm, and has cold, stiff palms and soles. This indicates Yang Qi failing to nourish the extremities, representing a state of solitary Yin without Yang, which is difficult to treat. If the abdominal veins are blue and tense, it indicates Liver Wood overacting on Spleen Earth; in such cases, Liujunzi Tang added with Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), Rougui (Cortex Cinnamomi), Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), and Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri) should be used to tonify the Spleen and soothe the Liver. If the face is cyanotic and the lower abdomen is hard, the condition is incurable.