小儿热证有七∶面腮红，大便秘，小便黄，渴不止，上气急，足心热，眼红赤。此皆实热证，忌用温补。
小儿寒证有七∶面 白，粪青白，肝虚胀，眼珠青，吐泻无热，足胫冷，睡露睛，此皆虚寒，忌用寒凉。
肝者，足厥阴木也，实则目赤大叫，呵欠顿闷，虚则呵欠切牙；有风则目连 ，有热则目直视；成疳则白膜
遮睛；主怒则性急大叫，哭甚则卵肿；热则大小便难，手寻衣领，手乱捻物，甚则撮空摸床，此丧魂病也。儿病
时，目睛视物不转，或目合不开，或目开不合，或哭而无泪，或不哭而泪出，皆肝绝也。
心者，手少阴火也，实则叫哭，发热饮水，虚则困卧，悸动不安；心血足则面色红润易养，心血亏则面色昏
黯难养；热甚则津液干而病渴，神乱而卧不安，喜伏卧，舌破成疮，又为重舌、木舌、舌出不收之病。凡病丹瘤、
斑疹、龙缠、虎骨、虫疥、 疮，皆心之证也。如心病久，汗出发润，或舌出不收，暴喑不语，或神昏溃乱，或
斑疹变黑，此皆心绝也。
脾者，足太阴土也，为水谷之海，实则困睡，身热饮水，虚则吐泻生风，伤湿则为肿为胀，为黄为吐泻。故
脾病则腹痛；脾疳则肚大青筋；脾热则口臭唇疮，饮食不为肌肤，吐舌弄舌，口干饮水，寒则口角流涎，谓之滞颐；
气不和则口频撮。虚则肉削而瘦，不喜饮食；伤食则成积，积久则成疳成癖。如脾久病，大肉消削，肚大青筋或
遍身虚肿，或吐泻不止，饮食不入，或多食而瘦，或虫出于口，或唇蹇而缩，皆脾绝也。
肺者，手太阴金也，实则闷乱喘促，虚则哽气长出。经曰∶寒伤肺（由儿之衣薄受寒也），经曰∶热伤肺（由儿之
衣浓郁热也）。寒热伤肺，则气逆而为喘为咳。肺受风，则喷嚏而流清涕，受寒则鼻塞，呼吸不利，受热则鼻干，
或为衄血，成疳则鼻下赤烂；喘不止则面肿，咳不止则胸骨高，谓之龟胸；燥则渴不止，好饮水，谓之膈消。如
肺久病，咳嗽连绵，喘息不休，或肩息，或龟胸，或咳
血不止，或鼻孔黑燥，或鼻孔开张而喘，或泻痢不休，大孔如筒，或面目虚浮，上喘气逆，皆肺绝也。
肾者，足少阴水也，虚则目畏明，目中白睛多，其颅即解，色 白，骨髓不满，儿必畏寒，多为五软之证。
尻骨不成则坐迟，髁骨不成则行迟，真阳不足则齿迟，血脉不荣则发稀，心气不足则语迟。热则耳中出脓生
疳。如肾病久，身惫，窜目如见鬼状，或骨痿弱，卧不能起，或二便遗失，此肾败也。
小儿的热证有七种表现：面颊和腮部发红，大便干结不通，小便颜色黄，口渴不止，呼吸急促气逆，脚心发热，眼睛红赤。这些都属于实热证，忌讳使用温补药物。
小儿的寒证也有七种表现：面色苍白，粪便呈青白色，因肝虚导致腹部胀满，眼珠发青，呕吐腹泻且无发热，小腿和足部发冷，睡觉时眼睛半睁不闭（露睛）。这些都属于虚寒证，忌讳使用寒凉药物。
肝属于足厥阴经，五行属木。肝实证表现为眼睛红赤、大声叫喊、频繁打哈欠并伴有胸闷；肝虚证表现为打哈欠和咬牙；受风邪则眼球震颤或斜视；受热邪则眼睛直视不动；发展为疳积症则白膜遮盖瞳孔；肝主怒，肝气盛则性格急躁、大声叫喊，哭泣剧烈时睾丸肿胀；肝热则大小便困难，手抓衣领，手指乱捻物品，严重时出现两手虚空抓握或摸床动作，这是魂失所藏的危重病症。小儿患病时，如果眼球转动不灵活，或者眼睛闭合不睁开，或者眼睛睁开却不闭合，或者哭泣却没有眼泪，或者不哭却流泪，这些都是肝气绝的表现。
心属于手少阴经，五行属火。心实证表现为哭闹、发热、想喝水；心虚证表现为疲倦嗜睡、心悸不安。心血充足则面色红润，容易调养；心血亏虚则面色晦暗，难以调养。热邪严重则津液干枯而生病理性口渴，神志混乱而睡眠不安，喜欢趴着睡，舌头破裂生疮，以及重舌、木舌、舌头伸出不能收回等病症。凡是丹毒、瘤肿、斑疹、缠腰火丹（带状疱疹）、虎口疽、虫疥、恶疮等，都是心的病证。如果心病日久，出汗后头发湿润，或者舌头伸出不能收回，突然失音不能说话，或者神志昏迷错乱，或者斑疹变成黑色，这些都是心气绝的表现。
脾属于足太阴经，五行属土，是饮食水谷汇聚的海。脾实证表现为疲倦嗜睡、身体发热、想喝水；脾虚证表现为呕吐腹泻并引发肝风（惊风），感受湿邪则导致水肿和腹胀，出现黄疸、呕吐和腹泻。所以脾病会导致腹痛；脾疳症表现为肚子大、腹壁青筋暴露；脾热表现为口臭、嘴唇生疮，吃进去的食物不能转化为肌肉营养，吐舌弄舌，口干想喝水；脾寒则嘴角流口水，称为“滞颐”；脾气不和则频繁撮唇。脾虚则肌肉消瘦、身体瘦弱，不喜欢饮食；伤食则形成积滞，积滞久了则形成疳积或癖块。如果脾病日久，大块肌肉消瘦，肚子大、腹壁青筋暴露或全身虚肿，或者呕吐腹泻不止，饮食无法进入，或者吃得多却瘦弱，或者有虫子从口中吐出，或者嘴唇僵硬萎缩，这些都是脾气绝的表现。
肺属于手太阴经，五行属金。肺实证表现为胸闷烦躁、气喘急促；肺虚证表现为抽噎、长叹气。医经说：寒邪伤肺（是因为婴儿衣服单薄受寒），又说：热邪伤肺（是因为婴儿衣服过于厚重闷热）。寒热邪气伤肺，导致气机上逆而引发喘咳。肺受风邪，则打喷嚏、流清鼻涕；受寒邪则鼻塞，呼吸不畅；受热邪则鼻干，或者发生鼻出血；发展为疳积症则鼻子下方红肿溃烂；喘个不停则面部浮肿，咳个不停则胸骨高耸，称为“龟胸”；燥邪伤肺则口渴不止，喜欢喝水，称为“膈消”。如果肺病日久，咳嗽连绵不断，喘息不停，或者耸肩呼吸，或者龟胸，或者咳血不止，或者鼻孔黑而干燥，或者鼻孔张开而喘息，或者泻痢不止，肛门像筒一样直出，或者面目虚浮，上气喘逆，这些都是肺气绝的表现。
肾属于足少阴经，五行属水。肾虚表现为怕光，眼中白多黑少，囟门迟闭（颅骨不合），面色㿠白，骨髓不充盈，婴儿必定畏寒，多表现为五软证（头项、口、手、足、肌肉软弱无力）。尾椎骨发育不全则坐得晚，踝骨发育不全则走得晚，真阳不足则牙齿长得晚，血脉不荣养则头发稀疏，心气不足则说话晚。肾热则耳朵流脓、生疳。如果肾病日久，身体疲惫，眼球外突如见鬼状，或者骨骼痿弱，躺下不能起身，或者大小便失禁，这是肾气败绝的表现。
There are seven manifestations of heat syndromes in infants: redness of the cheeks and malar region, dry and constipated stool, yellow urine, incessant thirst, rapid breathing with Qi rebellion, heat in the soles of the feet, and red eyes. These all belong to Excess Heat syndromes, and warm tonification is contraindicated.
There are also seven manifestations of cold syndromes in infants: pale complexion, greenish-white stool, abdominal distension due to Liver deficiency, bluish eye whites, vomiting and diarrhea without fever, cold calves and feet, and sleeping with eyes partially open (exposed eyes). These all belong to Deficiency Cold syndromes, and cold-cooling agents are contraindicated.
The Liver belongs to the Foot Jueyin meridian and corresponds to Wood. In an Excess state, it manifests as red eyes, loud crying, frequent yawning accompanied by chest oppression; in a Deficiency state, it manifests as yawning and teeth grinding. When affected by Wind, the eyes may twitch or deviate; when affected by Heat, the eyes stare fixedly. If it progresses to Gan syndrome (malnutrition syndrome), a white membrane covers the pupil. The Liver governs anger; excess Liver Qi leads to irritability and loud crying, and severe crying may cause testicular swelling. Liver Heat causes difficulty in urination and defecation, grasping at clothing collars, random finger movements, and in severe cases, picking at empty air or bed sheets, which indicates the loss of Hun (Ethereal Soul). If an infant’s eyeballs do not move smoothly, or if the eyes remain closed without opening, or open without closing, or cry without tears, or weep without crying, these are signs of Liver Qi exhaustion.
The Heart belongs to the Hand Shaoyin meridian and corresponds to Fire. In an Excess state, it manifests as crying and screaming, fever, and desire for water; in a Deficiency state, it manifests as lethargy, palpitations, and restlessness. Sufficient Heart Blood results in a ruddy complexion that is easy to nourish; deficient Heart Blood results in a dull complexion that is difficult to nourish. Severe Heat dries up body fluids causing pathological thirst, disturbs the Shen (Spirit) leading to restless sleep, preference for prone position, tongue ulcers, and conditions such as double tongue, wooden tongue, and inability to retract the tongue. Conditions such as Dan toxicity (erysipelas), tumors, macules and papules, herpes zoster (shingles), tiger bone abscess, insect-related skin diseases, and malignant sores are all Heart syndromes. If Heart disease persists, sweating with wet hair, inability to retract the tongue, sudden aphonia, mental confusion, or blackening of macules and papules indicate Heart Qi exhaustion.
The Spleen belongs to the Foot Taiyin meridian and corresponds to Earth; it is the sea of food and fluids. In an Excess state, it manifests as lethargy, body heat, and desire for water; in a Deficiency state, it manifests as vomiting and diarrhea potentially triggering internal Wind (convulsions). Dampness invasion causes edema and distension, jaundice, vomiting, and diarrhea. Thus, Spleen disease causes abdominal pain; Spleen Gan syndrome presents with a large abdomen and visible epigastric veins. Spleen Heat causes bad breath and lip ulcers, poor conversion of food into muscle mass, protruding or rolling of the tongue, dry mouth with desire for water. Spleen Cold causes drooling from the corners of the mouth, known as "Stagnant Saliva." Disharmony of Spleen Qi causes frequent puckering of the lips. Deficiency leads to emaciation and anorexia. Food stagnation leads to accumulation, which over time becomes Gan syndrome or Pi masses. If Spleen disease persists, significant muscle wasting, large abdomen with visible veins or generalized edema, intractable vomiting and diarrhea, inability to retain food, eating much but remaining thin, worms emerging from the mouth, or stiff and retracted lips indicate Spleen Qi exhaustion.
The Lung belongs to the Hand Taiyin meridian and corresponds to Metal. In an Excess state, it manifests as chest oppression, irritability, and rapid panting; in a Deficiency state, it manifests as gasping and long sighs. The classics state: Cold injures the Lung (due to thin clothing and exposure to cold); Heat injures the Lung (due to overly thick and hot clothing). Cold and Heat injuring the Lung cause Qi rebellion leading to asthma and cough. Wind invading the Lung causes sneezing and clear nasal discharge; Cold causes nasal congestion and labored breathing; Heat causes dry nose or epistaxis. If it progresses to Gan syndrome, redness and erosion occur under the nose. Unremitting asthma causes facial edema; unremitting cough causes high sternum, known as "Turtle Chest." Dryness causes incessant thirst and desire for water, known as "Diaphragm Xiao" (thirst-polydipsia). If Lung disease persists, continuous coughing, unceasing panting, orthopnea (breathing with shoulder movement), turtle chest, hemoptysis, black and dry nostrils, open nostrils with panting, intractable dysentery, anus resembling a tube, puffy face and eyes, or upper body asthma with Qi rebellion indicate Lung Qi exhaustion.
The Kidney belongs to the Foot Shaoyin meridian and corresponds to Water. Kidney Deficiency manifests as photophobia, excessive sclera visibility, delayed fontanelle closure, sallow complexion, insufficient marrow filling, aversion to cold, and often presents as Five Soft Syndromes (weakness of head/neck, mouth, hands, feet, and muscles). Incomplete sacral bone development leads to delayed sitting; incomplete ankle bone development leads to delayed walking; insufficiency of True Yang leads to delayed tooth eruption; lack of blood vessel nourishment leads to sparse hair; insufficiency of Heart Qi leads to delayed speech. Heat causes otorrhea and ear Gan syndrome. If Kidney disease persists, extreme fatigue, bulging eyes as if seeing ghosts, skeletal weakness with inability to rise from lying down, or incontinence of urine and feces indicate Kidney failure.