钱氏曰∶心主惊，实则叫哭发热，饮水而搐；虚则困卧，悸动不安，心痛多叫，手足动摇惊悸。心气热则心胸亦热，
欲言不能，而有就凉之意，故合面卧。心热视其睡，口中气温或合面而睡，及上窜摇头切牙，皆心热也，导赤散主之。
心实则气上下滞，合卧则气不通，故喜仰卧，则气得上下通也，泻心汤主之。
肝主风，实则目直大叫，呵欠项急烦闷；虚则切牙呵欠。气热则外生风，气温则内生风。肝热则手寻衣领及乱捻物。
肝有风，则目连扎不搐，得心热则搐。治肝，泻清丸；治心，导赤散。肝热甚，目反强直而搐，治与有风同。凡病或新
或久皆引肝风，风动而主于头目连扎也。若热入目，牵其筋脉，两 俱紧，不能转视，故目直也。若得心热则搐，以其
子母俱有实热，风火相搏故也。
洁古云∶肝主谋勇，热则寻衣捻物，目连扎，直视不能转视，或极则身反强直，皆实热也。目者，肝之窍，肝属木，
木性急故如此。
钱氏曰∶脾主困。病则困睡、身热、饮水；虚则吐泻生风。
肺主喘，实则闷乱喘促，有饮水者，有不饮水者；虚则哽气长出气。肺热手掐眉目鼻面，肺盛复有风冷，胸满短气，
气急则喘嗽上气，当先散肺热，后散风冷。肺只伤寒则不胸满，肺热唇深红色，治之散虚热。肺脏怯唇白色，当补。若
闷乱气粗，喘促哽气者难治，肺虚损故也。脾肺病久则虚而唇白，脾者，肺之母，母子皆虚不能相营故曰怯。肺主唇，
唇白而泽者吉，如枯骨者死。
洁古云∶肺主气，温则壮热，饮水喘闷，鼻干燥，手扪眉面，泻白散主之。胸满短气，气急喘嗽上气，皆是肺气有
余，复感风邪之所伤，谓之微邪，先泻而后发散之。
钱氏曰∶肾主虚，无实也。惟疮疹，肾实则黑陷。肾虚儿本虚怯，由胎气不成则神不足，目中白睛多，其囟即解自
开也，面色 白，此皆难养，不过八八之数，若恣色欲，多不及四旬而亡。或有因病而致，肾虚者非也。又肾气不足则
下窜，盖骨重，惟欲下坠而缩身也。肾，水阴也，肾虚则畏明，宜补之。
洁古云∶下窜者，肾气不足。两足热，不喜衣覆足。然此者，脐以下皆肾之所主，缘心气下行于肾部也，此乃肾不
足而心有余，宜地黄丸主之。
〔附方〕
导赤散 见五淋症内。
泻心汤 见热症内。
泻青丸 见惊风症内。
泻白散 见咳嗽症内。
钱乙说：心主惊，实证表现为叫喊哭泣、发热，喝水时出现抽搐；虚证表现为疲倦嗜睡、心悸不安、心痛且多哭叫，手足动摇并伴有惊悸。心气热则心胸也感到热，想说话却说不出来，并有寻求凉爽的意愿，所以喜欢脸朝下趴着睡。观察心热的孩子睡觉时，如果口中气息温热，或者脸朝下趴着睡，以及眼球上翻、摇头、磨牙，都是心热的表现，用导赤散主治。心实证导致气机上下阻滞，脸朝下趴着睡则气机不通畅，所以喜欢仰面躺卧，这样气机就能上下通畅，用泻心汤主治。
肝主风，实证表现为眼睛直视、大声叫喊、打哈欠、颈部僵硬、烦躁闷乱；虚证表现为磨牙、打哈欠。肝气热则外生风，肝气温则内生风。肝热则手去抓衣领和胡乱捻弄物品。肝有风邪，则眼皮跳动但不抽搐，若兼得心热则会抽搐。治疗肝疾用泻清丸，治疗心疾用导赤散。肝热严重，出现眼球后翻、强直并抽搐，治疗方法与有风邪相同。凡是疾病，无论是新发还是久病，都会引动肝风，风动则导致头目连扎（眼皮跳动）。如果热邪侵入眼部，牵拉筋脉，两眼角都紧绷，不能转动视线，所以眼睛直视。如果兼得心热就会抽搐，因为母子同具实热，风火相互搏结所致。
张元素说：肝主谋略和勇气，热邪盛则寻找衣物、捻弄物品，眼皮跳动，眼睛直视不能转动，严重时身体反折强直，这些都是实热证。眼睛是肝的窍道，肝属木，木性急躁所以呈现这种状态。
钱乙说：脾主困倦。生病时表现为嗜睡、身体发热、想喝水；虚证表现为呕吐腹泻并生风。
肺主喘，实证表现为胸闷烦乱、呼吸急促，有的想喝水，有的不想喝水；虚证表现为嗳气、长出气。肺热则手去掐眉、目、鼻、面部，肺盛又感受风冷，则胸满短气，气急则喘息咳嗽、气逆上冲，应当先疏散肺热，再疏散风冷。肺只受寒邪则不会胸满，肺热则嘴唇深红色，治疗应疏散虚热。肺脏虚弱则嘴唇白色，应当补益。如果胸闷烦乱、气粗、喘息急促、嗳气的则难治，这是因为肺虚损的缘故。脾肺病日久则虚而嘴唇白，脾是肺的母亲，母子皆虚不能互相滋养所以称为“怯”。肺主唇，嘴唇白而有光泽者预后良好，如枯骨般干燥无泽者预后不良。
张元素说：肺主气，温邪盛则壮热、想喝水、气喘胸闷、鼻干燥、手摸眉面部，用泻白散主治。胸满短气，气急喘息咳嗽气逆上冲，都是肺气有余，又感受风邪所伤，称为微邪，先泻肺热而后发散风邪。
钱乙说：肾主虚，没有实证。只有疮疹，肾实则颜色黑陷。肾虚的孩子本来体质虚弱怯懦，由于胎气不成则神气不足，眼中白睛多，囟门即自行开解，面色苍白，这些都难以养育，活不过八八六十四岁，如果父母恣意色欲，大多活不到四十岁就死亡。有的是因病导致肾虚，并非先天如此。另外肾气不足则下肢向后退缩，因为骨头重，只想下坠并缩身。肾属水为阴，肾虚则畏光，应当补益。
张元素说：下肢退缩，是肾气不足。双脚发热，不喜欢衣服覆盖脚部。然而肚脐以下都是肾所主管的部位，因为心气下行于肾部，这是肾不足而心有余，宜用地黄丸主治。
Qian Yi said: The Heart governs fright. In excess patterns, there is crying and shouting, fever, and convulsions when drinking water; in deficiency patterns, there is fatigue and drowsiness, palpitations and restlessness, heart pain with frequent crying, and trembling of the hands and feet accompanied by fright and palpitations. When Heart Qi is hot, the chest and heart feel hot as well. The patient wishes to speak but cannot, and has a desire for coolness, hence sleeping with the face downward. To observe Heart heat, look at the child's sleep: if the breath from the mouth is warm, or if they sleep face down, or if there is upward rolling of the eyes, shaking of the head, and grinding of teeth, these are all signs of Heart heat. Dao Chi San (Cyan Powder Decoction) is the primary formula. In Heart excess, Qi stagnates above and below. Sleeping face down obstructs the flow of Qi, so the patient prefers supine position to allow Qi to circulate freely up and down. Xie Xin Tang (Drain the Heart Decoction) is the primary formula.
The Liver governs Wind. In excess patterns, there is staring straight ahead, loud crying, yawning, neck stiffness, and irritability; in deficiency patterns, there is teeth grinding and yawning. Liver Qi heat generates external Wind, while Liver Qi warmth generates internal Wind. Liver heat causes the hands to seek the collar and fumble with objects aimlessly. If the Liver has Wind, the eyelids twitch without convulsion; if combined with Heart heat, convulsions occur. To treat the Liver, use Xie Qing Wan (Drain the Green Pill); to treat the Heart, use Dao Chi San. If Liver heat is severe, causing retroversion of the eyes, rigidity, and convulsions, the treatment is the same as for Wind. Any disease, whether new or chronic, can draw out Liver Wind. When Wind moves, it manifests as twitching of the head and eyes. If Heat enters the eyes and pulls on the sinews, both corners of the eyes become tight, preventing rotation of the gaze, resulting in staring straight ahead. If combined with Heart heat, convulsions occur because both the mother (Heart) and child (Liver) organs have excess heat, leading to a struggle between Wind and Fire.
Zhang Yuansu said: The Liver governs strategy and courage. Heat causes seeking clothes, fumbling with objects, twitching eyelids, staring straight ahead unable to rotate the eyes, or in extreme cases, opisthotonos (backward arching of the body). These are all excess-heat patterns. The eyes are the opening of the Liver. The Liver belongs to Wood, and the nature of Wood is urgent/hasty, hence this presentation.
Qian Yi said: The Spleen governs lethargy. In disease, there is drowsiness, body heat, and thirst; in deficiency, there is vomiting, diarrhea, and generation of Wind.
The Lung governs panting. In excess patterns, there is chest oppression, confusion, and rapid breathing; some patients desire water, others do not. In deficiency patterns, there is belching and sighing. Lung heat causes the hands to pinch the eyebrows, eyes, nose, and face. If Lung excess is compounded by Wind-Cold, there is chest fullness and shortness of breath. If Qi is urgent, there is panting, coughing, and rebellious Qi rising. One should first dissipate Lung heat, then dissipate Wind-Cold. If the Lung is only affected by Cold pathogen, there is no chest fullness. Lung heat presents with deep red lips; treatment involves dissipating deficient heat. A pale white lip color indicates Lung deficiency and requires tonification. If there is chest oppression, confusion, coarse breathing, panting, and belching, the prognosis is poor due to Lung deficiency and damage. Chronic Spleen and Lung diseases lead to deficiency and pale lips. The Spleen is the mother of the Lung; when both are deficient and cannot nourish each other, it is called "Qie" (timidity/weakness). The Lung governs the lips. Pale white lips with luster indicate a good prognosis; dry lips like dead bone indicate death.
Zhang Yuansu said: The Lung governs Qi. Warm pathogens cause high fever, thirst, panting, chest oppression, dry nose, and hands touching the eyebrows and face. Bai Du San (Drain the White Decoction) is the primary formula. Chest fullness, shortness of breath, urgent panting, coughing, and rebellious Qi are all signs of Lung Qi excess compounded by Wind pathogen invasion, termed "Minor Pathogen." Treatment involves draining first, then dispersing.
Qian Yi said: The Kidney governs deficiency and has no excess patterns. Only in variola (smallpox), does Kidney excess present as black sunken lesions. Children with Kidney deficiency are inherently weak and timid. Due to incomplete prenatal Qi, Shen (Spirit) is insufficient, resulting in excessive white sclera, and fontanelles that open spontaneously. The complexion is pale. Such children are difficult to nurture and may not live past sixty-four years (8x8). If parents indulge in sexual desires excessively, many die before forty. Some cases arise from illness causing Kidney deficiency, not congenital factors. Additionally, insufficient Kidney Qi causes the lower limbs to retreat backward. Because bones are heavy, there is a desire to sink downwards and curl up. The Kidney is Water and Yin. Kidney deficiency leads to photophobia (fear of light) and requires tonification.
Zhang Yuansu said: Retraction of the lower limbs indicates insufficient Kidney Qi. Heat in the two feet and dislike of covering them with clothing. However, the area below the umbilicus is governed by the Kidney. This occurs because Heart Qi descends into the Kidney region. This represents Kidney insufficiency and Heart excess. Di Huang Wan (Rehmannia Pill) is indicated.
[Attached Formulas]
Dao Chi San (Cyan Powder Decoction) See under Five Strangury Syndromes.
Xie Xin Tang (Drain the Heart Decoction) See under Heat Syndromes.
Xie Qing Wan (Drain the Green Pill) See under Fright-Wind Syndromes.
Bai Du San (Drain the White Decoction) See under Cough Syndromes.