四诊为望闻问切，此固医家之不可少一者也。然在大方脉则若是，而小儿科则以望为主，问继行之，闻则又
其次，至切则无矣。《经》云∶切而知之之谓巧。夫小儿上肢甚短，无可着指。气血未充实，六脉自不能准确，
是切之无可切，而巧亦无所用其巧也。问而知之之谓工。小儿于未发言时，问之无可问；即于稍长能言者，问
之亦多不能以真实清楚对，是问之不必问也，而工亦无所用其工。闻而知之之谓圣。小儿于初病时，其声音或
能不失其常态，至病日久而真气丧失，气既丧失，声音焉能其真确，是闻之无可闻，而圣又何所见其圣也。况
经又有曰∶哭声不响赴阴君。而亦有不赴阴君者谓何？无非闻其声音，而预知其肺气之绝与未绝故也。吾故曰∶
以望为临床治疗之唯一办法，方可免对症错误之延医也。五脏之体隐而理深微，吾人当从何处致其望，以探明
病的症结之所在，行对病之治法。虽然体固隐矣，理固微矣，
然发见于苗窍颜色之间者，用之无不周备；昭着于五官四肢之外者，无一不显明呈露。其生理之隐微，病能的复
杂，固均在吾人之一望中也。故小儿之病于内，必形于外，外者内之着也。望形象审苗窍，自能知其病之所在
地位，及其病的形能。按病的地位及形能，分别表里轻重，用药细细治疗，药石见效之神速、未有不知响之应声
者也。内有五脏，曰肺，曰心，曰脾，曰肝，曰肾。五脏深藏体内，肌肉障碍，不能明了的望见。惟能望五脏之
苗与窍，发现若何的色象，以定病在何脏，用何药治疗。故五脏之部位色象苗窍，均须探查明了，始能知病之在
表在里，或寒或热，是实是虚也。此之探查，至为重要。今就经验所知者，简明解释之如下∶舌乃心之苗。就舌
之色象以求病能，治疗即有法可施。舌尖红紫，心包有热也。全舌紫红无苔，热盛伤阴也。
口糜重舌，心肾之火毒上攻也。舌苔曛黑燥裂，心热极盛，阴液枯竭，胃为热毒蒸烂也。舌苔黄腻，胃满有热，
浊气不化也。舌苔白润，湿盛伤脾，气不能营运也。舌苔淡白，温温欲吐，心气虚而兼胃有寒也。鼻准、牙龈
与口唇，乃脾之窍，因其色象的不同，以定病之寒热虚实也。临床延医，自可作为根据。鼻准红燥，脾实火上行。
鼻准黯黄晦暗，脾为毒蒸，已呈败象也。四肢漫肿，大便溏泻，口淡食欲不振，脾弱湿气凝结也。呕吐腹痛，
肢软肌瘦，脾虚且寒也。久痢久疟，面色萎黄，脾虚气下陷也。肢体面目熏黄，口苦脐中时流黄水，脾热侵胆，
湿热蒸为黄胆也。牙龈红肿，脾胃两热也，牙龈破烂，脾胃火毒上攻也。口唇紫红干裂，脾热伤阴也。口唇淡白
而无血色，汗出不能止，脾虚气将脱也。口唇左扯歪斜，脾阻痰饮，风邪乘之作患也。口唇黑如漆色，脾寒甚而
绝也。鼻孔、目白球，乃肺之窍。鼻孔干燥作痒，肺有风热也。鼻塞声重，肺感风邪也。鼻流清涕，自行连连喷
嚏，肺客风寒也。目白球现红色或红丝，肺络火郁上升也。发颐肿胀，肺乘胃火作毒也。面色萎白，咳嗽自汗，
肺气
虚不能固表也。两耳与齿，乃肾之窍。耳鸣细如蝉声，肾气虚而上冲也。耳流臭黄脓水，肾经遗留温毒，蕴而作
肿也。两耳鸣声如鼓，头重眼花，肾气热实，而鼓烫之也。两耳偶然重听，肾气不和也。齿如豆黄，肾气将绝
也。齿枯而痛，肾气不足，而结热也。齿根溃烂腥臭，肾经湿热熏蒸，毒随气上发也。齿根酸麻而软，不能咬
物，隐隐作呕，肾气湿而寒，上泛成痰饮也。眉目两处，乃肝之窍，怒视而睛能转动，头昏而沉痛，肝风上潜
也。直视而睛不转动，或成天吊，肝将绝之候也。目发胀痛，酸痒流泪，肝热外受风邪也。目眶酸胀，眉棱骨
痛，见光则痛痒尤甚，肝经血虚，不足致养也。以目分别言之，又为五脏之总窍。目黑球属于肝，纯是黄色，
凶险症也。目白球属于肺，色现淡青，肝气侮肺也。淡黄色而滞，脾热有积，运化不灵也。老黄色而如橘皮
之润，乃肺阻湿热，外发为黄胆症也。瞳球属肾，无光彩而又兼发黄萎，肾气虚血不能营之也。大眼角属大肠，
红肿破烂，肺有风热也。小眼角属小肠，红肿破溃，心包有火又感风邪也。上眼皮属脾，肿胀而痛，脾伤热也。
下眼皮属肾，发现青色，胃有寒凝也。上下眼皮，睡眠不能合紧，或露一线缝者，脾胃虚极，肾之阴液尤亏也。
面有五官，部位不同，此五脏各有其部位之系属。前额属心，左腮属肝，右腮属肺，唇之上下属于肾，舌之外
边，及唇之内，均属于脾。五脏里也，六腑表也；其六腑为表，是对于五脏言也。若对于肢体皮肤，仍是里也。
准此而论色象，以辨病能，在临床时间，必能多得其效果助力。小肠为心之表，小溲短黄涩痛，知其心包有热
也。小溲清长不禁，知其心气虚且寒也。胃乃脾之表，唇红燥而呕吐，胃经热郁，且兼满滞也。唇色萎白，呕
吐食水不能消化，是脾湿不运，胃亦虚寒也。若见唇色如常，而时作呕吐，当按胃满胃伤论。大肠为肺之表，
大便秘结，知其肺有燥气也。肺无热的征象外呈，乃肺经亏虚，气弱不能收敛也。胆乃肝之表，口上苦水，是
肝热胆胀，胆汁上
溢也。闻声惊吓，时肝血虚，不能荣胆，胆气不足也。膀胱为肾之表，位于脐之下，气海之右。疝肿偏坠，是膀
胱气不能营运，湿阻于肾，内肾因湿生毒作肿也。小腹隐痛，腰痛不能伸，是肾气亏，寒入膀胱也。又左腮色
红，病为肝热。右腮色红，病为肺热。前额青暗，是心气将绝。环唇青黑，是肾气将绝之候。凡此等色象，尤是
病儿所常见者也。若论面上，亦有五色现于外皮，亦可凭之得症的形能。一曰红，红，病在心，面红者心热。一曰
青，青，病在肝，面青者身痛。一曰黄，黄，病在脾，面黄者脾必先受伤。一曰白，白，病在肺，白者面肺气虚
寒。一曰黑，黑，病在肾，面黄而灰暗无泽者，肾气败也。望其色若于平日不同，而苗窍之色，发见于外部者，
与致病之色相符合，则脏腑之虚实寒热表里，自无遁形。因何致病，及病在何部位，成竹在胸。以上之运药治病，
无有不药到病除也。此其大略，均由经验中得来。若夫由五脏六腑之形色苗窍，上辨清其病形病能，尚有多种。
俟后慢慢临床经验出来，再行笔之于书，公之于世可也。
四诊包括望、闻、问、切，这确实是医生不可缺少的环节。然而，对于成人内科（大方脉）来说是这样，而小儿科则以望诊为主，问诊次之，闻诊又在其后，至于切诊则几乎不用。《内经》说：“通过切脉而知病情的叫做巧。”但是小儿上肢很短，没有地方可以放置手指进行诊脉。小儿气血尚未充实，六脉自然不能准确反映病情，因此切诊无可切之处，所谓的“巧”也就无从施展。《内经》又说：“通过问诊而知病情的叫做工。”小儿在还不能说话时，无法进行问诊；即使稍大能说话的孩子，询问时也往往不能给出真实清楚的回答，因此问诊不必强求，所谓的“工”也就无处发挥。《内经》还说：“通过闻声而知病情的叫做圣。”小儿初病时，声音或许还能保持常态，但病程日久真气丧失，气既已丧失，声音怎能真实准确呢？因此闻诊也无可闻之处，所谓的“圣”又何从体现呢？况且经书中还有“哭声不响赴阴君”的说法，而对于那些不赴阴君的哭声又作何解释呢？无非是听到声音，从而预先判断肺气是否断绝罢了。所以我主张：将望诊作为临床治疗的唯一办法，才能避免对症错误导致的延误就医。五脏的形体隐蔽且道理深微，我们应当从哪里着手进行望诊，以探明疾病的症结所在，施行针对疾病的治疗方法呢？虽然形体确实隐蔽，道理确实深奥，但在苗窍颜色之间显露出来的，运用起来无不周全完备；在五官四肢之外昭示出来的，无一不显明呈露。其生理的隐微和病机的复杂，都包含在我们的望诊之中。所以小儿内部的疾病，必然表现在外部，外部是内部的外在显现。通过观察形象、审视苗窍，自然能知道疾病的位置及其病机。根据疾病的位置及病机，分别辨别表里轻重，用药细细治疗，药物见效的神速，就像回声应和声音一样迅速。体内有五脏，即肺、心、脾、肝、肾。五脏深藏于体内，被肌肉阻隔，不能清楚地直接看到。只能观察五脏的“苗”与“窍”，发现其色泽象意，以此确定病变在哪一脏，使用何种药物治疗。因此，五脏的部位、色泽象意及苗窍，都必须探查清楚，才能知道病是在表还是在里，是寒还是热，是实还是虚。这种探查至关重要。现在根据经验所知，简明解释如下：舌是心的苗窍。通过舌的色泽象意来探求病机，治疗就有法可依。舌尖红紫，说明心包有热。全舌紫红无苔，说明热盛伤阴。口糜、重舌，说明心肾之火毒上攻。舌苔黑燥裂，说明心热极盛，阴液枯竭，胃被热毒蒸烂。舌苔黄腻，说明胃满有热，浊气不化。舌苔白润，说明湿盛伤脾，气不能营运。舌苔淡白，伴有温温欲吐的感觉，说明心气虚兼胃有寒。鼻准、牙龈与口唇，是脾的苗窍，根据其色泽的不同，来确定病的寒热虚实。临床就医，可据此作为依据。鼻准红燥，说明脾实火上炎。鼻准黯黄晦暗，说明脾被毒邪蒸灼，已呈败象。四肢漫肿，大便溏泻，口淡食欲不振，说明脾弱湿气凝结。呕吐腹痛，肢体软弱肌肉消瘦，说明脾虚且寒。久痢久疟，面色萎黄，说明脾虚气陷。肢体面目熏黄，口苦脐中时常流出黄水，说明脾热侵胆，湿热蒸腾形成黄疸。牙龈红肿，说明脾胃两热。牙龈破烂，说明脾胃火毒上攻。口唇紫红干裂，说明脾热伤阴。口唇淡白无血色，汗出不止，说明脾虚气将脱。口唇向左扯歪斜，说明脾阻痰饮，风邪乘虚作患。口唇黑如漆色，说明脾寒甚而绝。鼻孔、目白球（巩膜），是肺的苗窍。鼻孔干燥作痒，说明肺有风热。鼻塞声重，说明肺感风邪。鼻流清涕，自行连连喷嚏，说明肺客风寒。目白球现红色或红丝，说明肺络火郁上升。发颐肿胀，说明肺乘胃火作毒。面色萎白，咳嗽自汗，说明肺气虚不能固表。两耳与齿，是肾的苗窍。耳鸣细如蝉声，说明肾气虚而上冲。耳流臭黄脓水，说明肾经遗留温毒，蕴积而作肿。两耳鸣声如鼓，头重眼花，说明肾气热实，鼓烫所致。两耳偶然重听，说明肾气不和。齿如豆黄，说明肾气将绝。齿枯而痛，说明肾气不足，结热所致。齿根溃烂腥臭，说明肾经湿热熏蒸，毒随气上发。齿根酸麻而软，不能咬物，隐隐作呕，说明肾气湿而寒，上泛成痰饮。眉目两处，是肝的苗窍。怒视而睛能转动，头昏沉痛，说明肝风上潜。直视而睛不转动，或成天吊眼，说明肝将绝之候。目发胀痛，酸痒流泪，说明肝热外受风邪。目眶酸胀，眉棱骨痛，见光则痛痒尤甚，说明肝经血虚，不足致养。就眼睛分别而言，又是五脏的总窍。目黑球（瞳孔/虹膜部分）属于肝，纯是黄色，属凶险症。目白球属于肺，色现淡青，说明肝气侮肺。淡黄色而滞，说明脾热有积，运化不灵。老黄色而如橘皮之润，说明肺阻湿热，外发为黄疸症。瞳球属肾，无光彩而又兼发黄萎，说明肾气虚血不能营之。大眼角属大肠，红肿破烂，说明肺有风热。小眼角属小肠，红肿破溃，说明心包有火又感风邪。上眼皮属脾，肿胀而痛，说明脾伤热。下眼皮属肾，发现青色，说明胃有寒凝。上下眼皮，睡眠不能合紧，或露一线缝者，说明脾胃虚极，肾之阴液尤亏。面有五官，部位不同，此五脏各有其部位之系属。前额属心，左腮属肝，右腮属肺，唇之上下属于肾，舌之外边，及唇之内，均属于脾。五脏里也，六腑表也；其六腑为表，是相对于五脏而言的。若相对于肢体皮肤，六腑仍是里也。依此而论色象，以辨病机，在临床实践中，必能多得其效果助力。小肠为心之表，小便短黄涩痛，可知心包有热。小便清长不禁，可知心气虚且寒。胃乃脾之表，唇红燥而呕吐，说明胃经热郁，且兼满滞。唇色萎白，呕吐食水不能消化，是脾湿不运，胃亦虚寒。若见唇色如常，而时作呕吐，当按胃满胃伤论。大肠为肺之表，大便秘结，可知肺有燥气。肺无热的征象外呈，乃肺经亏虚，气弱不能收敛。胆乃肝之表，口苦水，是肝热胆胀，胆汁上溢。闻声惊吓，时因肝血虚，不能荣胆，胆气不足。膀胱为肾之表，位于脐之下，气海之右。疝肿偏坠，是膀胱气不能营运，湿阻于肾，内肾因湿生毒作肿。小腹隐痛，腰痛不能伸，是肾气亏，寒入膀胱。又左腮色红，病为肝热。右腮色红，病为肺热。前额青暗，是心气将绝。环唇青黑，是肾气将绝之候。凡此等色象，尤其是病儿所常见者也。若论面上，亦有五色现于外皮，亦可凭之得症的形能。一曰红，红，病在心，面红者心热。一曰青，青，病在肝，面青者身痛。一曰黄，黄，病在脾，面黄者脾必先受伤。一曰白，白，病在肺，白者面肺气虚寒。一曰黑，黑，病在肾，面黄而灰暗无泽者，肾气败也。望其色若于平日不同，而苗窍之色，发见于外部者，与致病之色相符合，则脏腑之虚实寒热表里，自无遁形。因何致病，及病在何部位，成竹在胸。以上之运药治病，无有不药到病除也。此其大略，均由经验中得来。若夫由五脏六腑之形色苗窍，上辨清其病形病机，尚有多种。待以后慢慢临床经验出来，再行笔之于书，公之于世可也。
The Four Diagnostic Methods include Observation (Wang), Auscultation and Olfaction (Wen), Inquiry (Wen), and Palpation (Qie); these are indeed indispensable for physicians. However, while this holds true for adult internal medicine (Da Fang Mai), in pediatrics, Observation is primary, Inquiry follows, Auscultation is secondary, and Palpation is virtually non-existent. The *Classic* states: "Knowing the disease through palpation is called skillful (Qiao)." But infants have very short upper limbs, leaving no place to apply fingers for pulse taking. Since their Qi and Blood are not yet fully developed, the six pulses cannot accurately reflect the condition; thus, there is nothing to palpate, and the "skill" has no opportunity to be demonstrated. The *Classic* also states: "Knowing the disease through inquiry is called competent (Gong)." Infants who cannot yet speak cannot be questioned; even slightly older children who can speak often fail to provide truthful and clear answers. Therefore, inquiry need not be forced, and the "competence" has no place to exert itself. The *Classic* further states: "Knowing the disease through hearing sounds is called sage-like (Sheng)." When a child first falls ill, their voice may retain its normal state, but after prolonged illness, when True Qi is lost, how can the voice remain accurate? Thus, there is little to hear, and the "sage-like" quality is hard to demonstrate. Moreover, the classics mention that a weak cry indicates the departure of Yin (Fushou Yin Jun). What about cries that do not follow this pattern? It simply means hearing the sound to predict whether Lung Qi is severed or intact. Therefore, I assert: Using Observation as the sole method for clinical treatment can prevent delays caused by misdiagnosis. The physical forms of the Five Zang Organs are hidden and their principles are profound; where should we direct our observation to probe the crux of the disease and apply appropriate treatments? Although the forms are indeed hidden and principles subtle, what manifests in the color of the Miao Qiao (Orifices) is comprehensive in application; what is clearly displayed on the five sense organs and four limbs is unmistakably revealed. Both physiological subtleties and pathological complexities are encompassed within our observation. Hence, internal diseases in children must manifest externally; the external is the manifestation of the internal. By observing appearance and examining Miao Qiao, one can naturally know the location and pathology of the disease. Based on the location and pathology, distinguishing between exterior/interior and severity, and prescribing medication meticulously, the speed of therapeutic effect is as immediate as an echo responding to a sound. Inside the body are the Five Zang Organs: Lung, Heart, Spleen, Liver, and Kidney. These organs are deeply concealed within the body, obstructed by muscles, making them invisible to direct observation. We can only observe the "Miao" (Markers) and "Qiao" (Orifices) of the Zang Organs, noting their color and imagery to determine which organ is diseased and what medication to use. Therefore, the locations, colors, imagery, and orifices of the Five Zang Organs must be thoroughly investigated to determine if the disease is in the exterior or interior, cold or heat, excess or deficiency. This investigation is crucial. Below is a concise explanation based on experience: The tongue is the marker of the Heart. By seeking the pathology from the tongue's color and imagery, treatment becomes methodical. A red-purple tip indicates Heat in the Pericardium. A whole tongue that is purple-red without coating indicates Excessive Heat injuring Yin. Mouth ulcers and double tongue indicate Fire-Toxin of the Heart and Kidney attacking upward. Black, dry, and cracked tongue coating indicates Extreme Heart Heat with exhaustion of Yin fluids, and the Stomach being steamed and rotted by Heat-Toxin. Yellow and greasy coating indicates Fullness and Heat in the Stomach with failure to transform turbid Qi. White and moist coating indicates Dampness overwhelming and injuring the Spleen, with Qi failing to circulate. Pale white coating accompanied by a desire to vomit indicates Heart Qi Deficiency combined with Cold in the Stomach. The nose tip, gums, and lips are the orifices of the Spleen; their varying colors determine the cold, heat, excess, or deficiency of the disease, serving as a basis for clinical consultation. A red and dry nose tip indicates Spleen Excess Fire ascending. A dark yellow and dull nose tip indicates the Spleen being steamed by Toxin, showing signs of decline. Generalized edema of the limbs, loose stools, bland taste, and loss of appetite indicate Spleen Weakness with凝结 (condensation) of Dampness. Vomiting and abdominal pain, with soft limbs and emaciated muscles, indicate Spleen Deficiency and Cold. Chronic dysentery and malaria, with sallow complexion, indicate Spleen Deficiency with sinking of Qi. Yellowish discoloration of limbs and face, bitter taste, and yellow fluid flowing from the umbilicus indicate Spleen Heat invading the Gallbladder, with Damp-Heat steaming into Jaundice. Red and swollen gums indicate Heat in both Stomach and Spleen. Rotten gums indicate Fire-Toxin of Stomach and Spleen attacking upward. Purple-red, dry, and cracked lips indicate Spleen Heat injuring Yin. Pale, bloodless lips with unceasing sweating indicate Spleen Deficiency with impending collapse of Qi. Lips pulled to the left indicate Phlegm-Fluid obstruction in the Spleen with Wind pathogen exploiting the weakness. Lips black as lacquer indicate extreme Spleen Cold leading to severance. The nostrils and sclera (white part of eyes) are the orifices of the Lung. Dry and itchy nostrils indicate Wind-Heat in the Lung. Nasal congestion and heavy voice indicate Wind pathogen affecting the Lung. Clear nasal discharge with frequent sneezing indicates Wind-Cold lodging in the Lung. Redness or red veins in the sclera indicate Fire stagnation in Lung collaterals ascending. Swelling of the parotid region indicates Lung pathogen combining with Stomach Fire to form Toxin. Sallow-white complexion with cough and spontaneous sweating indicates Lung Qi Deficiency failing to secure the exterior. The ears and teeth are the orifices of the Kidney. Fine tinnitus like cicadas indicates Kidney Qi Deficiency with upward rushing. Foul-smelling yellow pus from ears indicates residual Warm-Toxin in the Kidney meridian accumulating and swelling. Drum-like tinnitus in both ears with heavy head and blurred vision indicates Excess Heat in Kidney Qi causing throbbing. Occasional deafness in both ears indicates Disharmony of Kidney Qi. Teeth resembling yellow beans indicate impending severance of Kidney Qi. Dry and painful teeth indicate Insufficiency of Kidney Qi with accumulated Heat. Ulcerated and foul-smelling tooth roots indicate Damp-Heat steaming in the Kidney meridian, with Toxin rising with Qi. Sour, numb, and soft tooth roots unable to bite, with slight nausea, indicate Damp-Cold in Kidney Qi rising to form Phlegm-Fluid. The eyebrows and eyes are the orifices of the Liver. Glaring with movable eyes and heavy, painful dizziness indicates Liver Wind lurking upward. Fixed gaze with immobile eyes or strabismus indicates the sign of impending Liver severance. Distending pain, soreness, itching, and tearing of the eyes indicate Liver Heat combined with external Wind pathogen. Soreness and distension of eye sockets and pain in the supraorbital ridge, worsening with light exposure, indicate Blood Deficiency in the Liver meridian failing to nourish. Specifically regarding the eyes, they are the general orifices of the Five Zang Organs. The iris/pupil belongs to the Liver; pure yellow indicates a critical condition. The sclera belongs to the Lung; pale cyan indicates Liver Qi insulting the Lung. Pale yellow and stagnant indicates Spleen Heat with accumulation and poor transformation. Old yellow and moist like orange peel indicates Lung obstruction by Damp-Heat manifesting externally as Jaundice. The pupil belongs to the Kidney; lackluster and yellow-withered indicates Kidney Qi Deficiency with Blood failing to nourish. The outer canthus belongs to the Large Intestine; redness, swelling, and ulceration indicate Wind-Heat in the Lung. The inner canthus belongs to the Small Intestine; redness, swelling, and ulceration indicate Fire in the Pericardium combined with Wind pathogen. The upper eyelid belongs to the Spleen; swelling and pain indicate Spleen Heat injury. The lower eyelid belongs to the Kidney; cyan color indicates Cold condensation in the Stomach. Inability to close eyelids tightly during sleep, or leaving a slit, indicates extreme Spleen-Stomach Deficiency and severe depletion of Kidney Yin. The face has five features at different locations, corresponding to the Five Zang Organs. The forehead belongs to the Heart, the left cheek to the Liver, the right cheek to the Lung, the upper and lower lips to the Kidney, and the outer edge of the tongue and inside of the lips belong to the Spleen. The Five Zang are Interior, the Six Fu are Exterior; the Six Fu are considered Exterior relative to the Five Zang. However, relative to the limbs and skin, they are still Interior. Analyzing color and imagery based on this, to distinguish pathology, will surely yield beneficial results in clinical practice. The Small Intestine is the Exterior of the Heart; short, yellow, scanty, and painful urination indicates Heat in the Pericardium. Clear, long, and involuntary urination indicates Heart Qi Deficiency and Cold. The Stomach is the Exterior of the Spleen; red, dry lips with vomiting indicate Heat stagnation and fullness in the Stomach meridian. Withered-white lips with vomiting of undigested food and water indicate Spleen Dampness failing to transport and Stomach Deficiency-Cold. If lips appear normal but vomiting occurs intermittently, it should be treated as Stomach Fullness or Injury. The Large Intestine is the Exterior of the Lung; constipation indicates Dryness Qi in the Lung. Absence of external Heat signs indicates Lung Meridian Deficiency with weak Qi failing to consolidate. The Gallbladder is the Exterior of the Liver; bitter taste indicates Liver Heat and Gallbladder distension with bile overflowing. Startle response to sound indicates Liver Blood Deficiency failing to nourish the Gallbladder, resulting in insufficient Gallbladder Qi. The Bladder is the Exterior of the Kidney, located below the umbilicus and to the right of Qi Sea. Hernia and unilateral scrotal swelling indicate Bladder Qi failing to circulate, with Dampness obstructing the Kidney, causing internal toxicity and swelling. Dull lower abdominal pain and inability to extend the waist indicate Kidney Qi Deficiency with Cold entering the Bladder. Furthermore, red left cheek indicates Liver Heat; red right cheek indicates Lung Heat. Cyan-dark forehead indicates impending Heart Qi severance; cyan-black around the lips indicates impending Kidney Qi severance. Such color manifestations are commonly seen in sick children. Regarding the face, the Five Colors appearing on the skin surface can also reveal the nature and pathology of the disease. First is Red: Red corresponds to the Heart; a red face indicates Heart Heat. Second is Cyan: Cyan corresponds to the Liver; a cyan face indicates body pain. Third is Yellow: Yellow corresponds to the Spleen; a yellow face indicates prior Spleen injury. Fourth is White: White corresponds to the Lung; a white face indicates Lung Qi Deficiency and Cold. Fifth is Black: Black corresponds to the Kidney; a yellow-gray, lusterless face indicates Kidney Qi decline. If the observed color differs from usual, and the color of the Miao Qiao manifesting externally matches the pathogenic color, then the deficiency/excess, cold/heat, and interior/exterior of the Zang-Fu will have nowhere to hide. Knowing the cause of disease and its location will be clear. The aforementioned medication strategies will invariably cure the disease. This is a general overview derived from experience. There are many more ways to distinguish pathology and mechanism through the colors, forms, and orifices of the Five Zang and Six Fu. As clinical experience accumulates, these will be recorded and published for the world.