心主惊，实则叫哭发热饮水而搐，虚则卧而悸动不安。肝主风，实则目直大叫
呵欠项急顿闷，虚则前（《纲目》作咬）牙多欠，气热则外生，气温则内生（《纲目》外生内生下，皆
有风字。）脾主困，实则困睡身热饮水，虚则吐泻生风。肺主喘，实则闷乱喘促，有饮
水者、有不饮水者，虚则哽气长出气。肾主虚，无实也，惟疮疹肾实则变黑陷。
更当别虚实证，假如肺病又见肝证前牙多呵欠者易治，肝虚不能胜肺故也。若目直
大叫哭，项急顿闷者难治，盖肺久病则虚冷，肝强实而反胜肺也。视病之新久虚实，
虚则补母，实则泻子。
肝病哭叫，目直呵欠，顿闷项急。心病多叫哭惊悸，手足动摇，发热饮水。
脾病困睡泄泻，不思饮食。肺病闷乱，哽气长出气，气短喘急。肾病无精光，畏
明，体骨重。〔洁〕热则从心，寒则从肾，嗽而气上从肺，风从肝，泻从脾。假令
泻兼嗽又气上，乃脾肺病也，宜泻白、益黄散合而服之，脾苦湿，肺苦燥气上逆也。
其症见泻，又兼面色黄、肠鸣呦呦者宜服理中汤，泻而呕者宜服茯苓半夏汤，如泻
而渴、热多者宜服黄芩浓朴汤，不渴而热少者宜服白术浓朴汤。其他五脏若有兼症，
皆如此类推之。更详后论，四时推移用药。
肝病秋见（一作，日晡）肝胜肺也，肺怯不能胜肝，当补脾治肝，益脾者母能令子实
也，补脾、益黄散，治肝、泻青丸主之。肺病春见（一作，早辰）肺胜肝也，肝怯故受病，
当补肝肾治肺，补肝肾，地黄丸，治肺，泻白散主之。肝病见秋，木旺，肝胜肺
也，宜补肺泻肝，轻者肝病退，重者唇白而死。肺病见春，金旺，肺胜肝也，当泻
肺，轻者肺病退，重者目淡青、必发惊，更有赤者，当搐（海藏云∶为肝怯，故目淡青色也。）心
病见冬，火旺，心胜肾也，当补肾治心，轻者心病退，重者下窜不语，肾怯虚也。
肾病见夏，水胜火、肾胜心也，当泻肾，轻者肾病退，重者悸动当搐。脾病见四
旁，皆仿此治之，顺者易治，逆者难治，脾怯当面目赤黄。五脏相反，随证治之。
〔娄〕右五脏相胜，病随时令，乃钱氏扩充《内经》脏气法时论之旨，实发前人所未
发者也，假如肝病见于春及早晨，乃肝自病于本位也，今反见于秋及日晡肺之位，
知肺虚极，肝往胜之，故当补脾肺、泻肝也，余仿此。〔洁〕肝胜肺，则肝病身热
发搐，又见肺虚喘而气短，病见于申酉戌时是肝真强也，《内经》云∶受所制而不能
制，谓之真强，法当补脾肺而泻肝，导赤散、泻黄散主之。
刘宗浓云∶此皆五脏相胜，病机不离五行生克制化之理者，盖小儿初生襁褓，
未有七情六欲，只是形体脆弱，血气未定，脏腑精神未完，所以有脏气虚实胜
乘之病，但世俗不审此理，往往遇是率指为外感内伤而用药，致枉死者多矣，
悲夫！钱氏论时有脱略，幸而洁古补之。今特参附，诚无穷之惠也。
心主惊，实则叫哭发热饮水而搐，虚则卧而悸动不安。
心主宰惊恐，实证表现为呼叫哭闹、发热、想喝水并伴有抽搐；虚证表现为躺卧时心悸跳动、心神不宁。
肝主风，实则目直大叫呵欠项急顿闷，虚则前（《纲目》作咬）牙多欠，气热则外生，气温则内生（《纲目》外生内生下，皆有风字。）
肝主宰风气，实证表现为眼睛直视、大声呼叫、频繁打哈欠、颈部僵硬、突然感到胸中烦闷；虚证表现为磨牙、频繁打哈欠，若体内热气偏盛则病邪从外部产生，若体内寒气偏盛则病邪从内部产生（《本草纲目》在“外生”和“内生”后都加了“风”字）。
脾主困，实则困睡身热饮水，虚则吐泻生风。
脾主宰倦怠，实证表现为嗜睡、身体发热、想喝水；虚证表现为呕吐、腹泻并引发肝风内动。
肺主喘，实则闷乱喘促，有饮水者、有不饮水者，虚则哽气长出气。
肺主宰喘息，实证表现为胸闷烦躁、呼吸急促，有的患者想喝水，有的不想喝水；虚证表现为咽喉间有阻塞感、经常发出长叹气声。
肾主虚，无实也，惟疮疹肾实则变黑陷。
肾主要表现虚弱，没有实证，只有在患痘疹时，如果肾气实热，痘疹会变为黑色并凹陷下去。
更当别虚实证，假如肺病又见肝证前牙多呵欠者易治，肝虚不能胜肺故也。若目直大叫哭，项急顿闷者难治，盖肺久病则虚冷，肝强实而反胜肺也。视病之新久虚实，虚则补母，实则泻子。
还应当辨别虚证和实证。例如，肺病患者如果出现肝病的症状如门牙处磨牙且多打哈欠，容易治疗，这是因为肝气虚弱不能克制肺的缘故。如果出现眼睛直视、大声呼叫哭闹、颈部僵硬、突然胸中烦闷的症状，则难以治疗，这是因为肺病日久导致肺气虚寒，而肝气强盛实证反而克制了肺。根据疾病的新久和虚实情况，虚证应当补益其母脏，实证应当泻其子脏。
肝病哭叫，目直呵欠，顿闷项急。
肝病表现为哭泣叫喊、眼睛直视、打哈欠、突然胸中烦闷、颈部僵硬。
心病多叫哭惊悸，手足动摇，发热饮水。
心病表现为经常呼叫哭闹、受惊心悸、手脚摇动、发热、想喝水。
肺病闷乱，哽气长出气，气短喘急。
肺病表现为胸闷烦躁、咽喉阻塞感、长叹气、气短喘息急促。
肾病无精光，畏明，体骨重。
肾病表现为眼神无光彩、怕光、身体骨骼沉重。
〔洁〕热则从心，寒则从肾，嗽而气上从肺，风从肝，泻从脾。假令泻兼嗽又气上，乃脾肺病也，宜泻白、益黄散合而服之，脾苦湿，肺苦燥气上逆也。其症见泻，又兼面色黄、肠鸣呦呦者宜服理中汤，泻而呕者宜服茯苓半夏汤，如泻而渴、热多者宜服黄芩浓朴汤，不渴而热少者宜服白术浓朴汤。其他五脏若有兼症，皆如此类推之。更详后论，四时推移用药。
〔李东垣〕热证多源于心，寒证多源于肾，咳嗽且气机上逆源于肺，风证源于肝，泄泻源于脾。假设泄泻兼有咳嗽且气机上逆，这是脾肺同病，适宜将泻白散和益黄散混合服用，因为脾恶湿，肺恶燥及气机上逆。如果症状表现为泄泻，同时面色发黄、肠鸣音明显，适宜服用理中汤；泄泻伴有呕吐的，适宜服用茯苓半夏汤；如果泄泻且口渴、热象明显的，适宜服用黄芩厚朴汤；如果不口渴且热象轻微的，适宜服用白术厚朴汤。其他五脏如果有兼夹症状，都可以按照这种逻辑类推。详细论述见后文，需根据四季变化调整用药。
肝病秋见（一作，日晡）肝胜肺也，肺怯不能胜肝，当补脾治肝，益脾者母能令子实也，补脾、益黄散，治肝、泻青丸主之。肺病春见（一作，早辰）肺胜肝也，肝怯故受病，当补肝肾治肺，补肝肾，地黄丸，治肺，泻白散主之。肝病见秋，木旺，肝胜肺也，宜补肺泻肝，轻者肝病退，重者唇白而死。肺病见春，金旺，肺胜肝也，当泻肺，轻者肺病退，重者目淡青、必发惊，更有赤者，当搐（海藏云∶为肝怯，故目淡青色也。）心病见冬，火旺，心胜肾也，当补肾治心，轻者心病退，重者下窜不语，肾怯虚也。肾病见夏，水胜火、肾胜心也，当泻肾，轻者肾病退，重者悸动当搐。脾病见四旁，皆仿此治之，顺者易治，逆者难治，脾怯当面目赤黄。五脏相反，随证治之。
肝病如果在秋季出现（另一种说法是傍晚时分），是肝气克制肺气的表现，肺气虚弱不能克制肝气，应当补脾以治疗肝，因为补脾可以使子脏充实（母能令子实），用益黄散补脾，用泻青丸治疗肝。肺病如果在春季出现（另一种说法是早晨），是肺气克制肝气的表现，肝气虚弱因此受病，应当补肝肾以治疗肺，用六味地黄丸补肝肾，用泻白散治疗肺。肝病见于秋季，此时木气旺盛，肝气克制肺气，应当补肺泻肝，病情轻的肝病会消退，病情重的会导致嘴唇发白而死。肺病见于春季，此时金气旺盛，肺气克制肝气，应当泻肺，病情轻的肺病会消退，病情重的会出现眼睛淡青色、必定发生惊风，如果有红色的，应当发生抽搐（张元素说：这是因为肝气虚弱，所以眼睛呈淡青色）。心病见于冬季，此时火气旺盛，心气克制肾气，应当补肾治疗心，病情轻的心病会消退，病情重的会出现下身抽搐失语，这是因为肾气虚弱。肾病见于夏季，此时水气克制火气、肾气克制心气，应当泻肾，病情轻的肾病会消退，病情重的会出现心悸跳动并发生抽搐。脾病见于其他季节，都仿照这种方法治疗，顺应时令的容易治疗，违背时令的难以治疗，脾气虚弱时面部和眼睛会呈现赤黄色。五脏之间相互克制，应根据具体证候进行治疗。
〔娄〕右五脏相胜，病随时令，乃钱氏扩充《内经》脏气法时论之旨，实发前人所未发者也，假如肝病见于春及早晨，乃肝自病于本位也，今反见于秋及日晡肺之位，知肺虚极，肝往胜之，故当补脾肺、泻肝也，余仿此。〔洁〕肝胜肺，则肝病身热发搐，又见肺虚喘而气短，病见于申酉戌时是肝真强也，《内经》云∶受所制而不能制，谓之真强，法当补脾肺而泻肝，导赤散、泻黄散主之。
〔李杲〕以上关于五脏相克的内容，疾病随季节时令变化，这是钱乙对《黄帝内经·脏气法时论》主旨的扩展，确实是发挥了前人未曾阐发的理论。假如肝病出现在春季和早晨，这是肝在本位自病；现在反而出现在秋季和傍晚（肺所主的时辰），可知肺气极度虚弱，肝气乘虚克制它，所以应当补脾肺、泻肝，其余情况仿照此类推。〔李东垣〕肝气克制肺气，则肝病表现为身体发热、发生抽搐，同时又见到肺气虚导致的喘息和气短，病症出现在申、酉、戌这三个时辰，说明肝气是真强盛。《黄帝内经》说：受到制约却不能制约对方，称为真强，治疗方法应当补脾肺而泻肝，用导赤散和泻黄散主治。
刘宗浓云∶此皆五脏相胜，病机不离五行生克制化之理者，盖小儿初生襁褓，未有七情六欲，只是形体脆弱，血气未定，脏腑精神未完，所以有脏气虚实胜乘之病，但世俗不审此理，往往遇是率指为外感内伤而用药，致枉死者多矣，悲夫！钱氏论时有脱略，幸而洁古补之。今特参附，诚无穷之惠也。
刘宗浓说：这些都是关于五脏相克的内容，病机离不开五行相生相克制化的原理。大概是因为小儿刚出生还在襁褓之中，没有七情六欲，只是形体脆弱，气血尚未稳定，脏腑功能和精神尚未完备，所以会有因脏气虚实相胜相乘而产生的疾病。但是世俗之人不明晓这个道理，往往遇到这些病症就简单地归咎于外感或内伤而用药，导致无辜死亡的人很多，可悲啊！钱乙的论述有时有所遗漏，幸好李东垣进行了补充。现在特别参考并附上这些内容，实在是无尽的恩惠。
Heart governs fright. In excess, there is crying and shouting, fever, desire for water, and convulsions; in deficiency, there is palpitations and restlessness while lying down.
The Heart governs fright. In an Excess pattern, symptoms include crying and shouting, fever, a desire to drink water, and convulsions (Chou). In a Deficiency pattern, symptoms include palpitations and mental restlessness when lying down.
Liver governs wind. In excess, there is staring eyes, loud crying, yawning, neck stiffness, and sudden chest oppression; in deficiency, there is grinding of teeth and frequent yawning. If Qi is hot, the pathogen arises externally; if Qi is cold, it arises internally (Bencao Gangmu adds the character "wind" after both "arises externally" and "arises internally").
The Liver governs Wind. In an Excess pattern, symptoms include fixed gaze, loud crying, frequent yawning, neck stiffness, and sudden chest oppression. In a Deficiency pattern, symptoms include bruxism (grinding of teeth) and frequent yawning. If the internal Qi is hot, the pathology manifests externally; if the internal Qi is cold, it manifests internally. (Note: Bencao Gangmu inserts the character "Wind" after both "manifests externally" and "manifests internally".)
Spleen governs lethargy. In excess, there is drowsiness, body heat, and desire for water; in deficiency, there is vomiting, diarrhea, and generation of wind.
The Spleen governs lethargy. In an Excess pattern, symptoms include drowsiness, feverish sensation, and desire for water. In a Deficiency pattern, symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and the generation of Internal Wind.
Lung governs panting. In excess, there is chest distress, confusion, and rapid breathing; some patients desire water, others do not; in deficiency, there is choking sensations and long sighs.
The Lung governs panting. In an Excess pattern, symptoms include chest distress, mental agitation, and rapid breathing; some patients have a desire for water, while others do not. In a Deficiency pattern, symptoms include a sensation of choking or obstruction and frequent long sighs.
Kidney governs deficiency and has no excess; only in cases of smallpox/varicella, if Kidney Qi is in excess, the lesions turn black and sink.
The Kidney primarily manifests as Deficiency and does not typically present with Excess patterns. The exception is in cases of eruptive diseases like smallpox or chickenpox; if the Kidney is in excess, the lesions will turn black and become depressed.
One must further distinguish between Excess and Deficiency patterns. For example, if a Lung disease presents with Liver signs such as bruxism and frequent yawning, it is easy to treat because the Liver Qi is deficient and cannot overcome the Lung. If there are signs of fixed gaze, loud crying, neck stiffness, and sudden chest oppression, it is difficult to treat because prolonged Lung disease leads to Lung Qi deficiency and cold, while strong Liver Excess overcomes the Lung. Based on the newness/chronicity and Excess/Deficiency of the disease, tonify the Mother in Deficiency and drain the Child in Excess.
It is essential to further differentiate between Excess and Deficiency patterns. For instance, if a Lung disorder presents with Liver signs such as bruxism and frequent yawning, it is easily treated because the Liver Qi is deficient and fails to control the Lung. Conversely, if symptoms include fixed gaze, loud crying, neck stiffness, and sudden chest oppression, it is difficult to treat because chronic Lung disease leads to Lung Qi deficiency and cold, whereas strong Liver Excess counter-controls the Lung. According to whether the disease is recent or chronic, and Excess or Deficient, one should tonify the Mother organ in Deficiency patterns and drain the Child organ in Excess patterns.
Liver disease: crying and shouting, fixed gaze, yawning, sudden chest oppression, neck stiffness.
Liver Disease: Crying and shouting, fixed gaze, yawning, sudden chest oppression, and neck stiffness.
Heart disease: frequent crying and shouting, fright, palpitations, shaking of hands and feet, fever, desire for water.
Heart Disease: Frequent crying and shouting, fright, palpitations, tremors of the extremities, fever, and desire for water.
Spleen disease: lethargy, diarrhea, loss of appetite.
Spleen Disease: Lethargy, diarrhea, and anorexia.
Lung disease: chest distress and agitation, choking sensation, long sighs, shortness of breath, and rapid panting.
Lung Disease: Chest distress and agitation, a sensation of choking, long sighs, shortness of breath, and rapid panting.
Kidney disease: lackluster eyes, photophobia, heavy body and bones.
Kidney Disease: Lackluster eyes (absence of Jing/Guang), photophobia, and a sensation of heaviness in the body and bones.
[Li Dongyuan] Heat originates from the Heart, Cold from the Kidney, cough with rebellious Qi from the Lung, Wind from the Liver, and diarrhea from the Spleen. If diarrhea is accompanied by cough and rebellious Qi, it is a Spleen-Lung disease; one should combine Xie Bai San and Yi Huang San. The Spleen dislikes dampness, and the Lung dislikes dryness and rebellious Qi. If diarrhea presents with yellow complexion and audible borborygmi, Li Zhong Tang is indicated. If diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting, Fu Ling Ban Xia Tang is indicated. If diarrhea is accompanied by thirst and significant heat, Huang Qin Hou Po Tang is indicated. If there is no thirst and mild heat, Bai Zhu Hou Po Tang is indicated. Other Zang organs with combined symptoms can be deduced similarly. See the following discussion for detailed medication adjustments according to the four seasons.
[Li Dongyuan]: Heat syndromes originate from the Heart; Cold syndromes from the Kidney; cough with rebellious Qi from the Lung; Wind from the Liver; and diarrhea from the Spleen. If diarrhea is accompanied by cough and rebellious Qi, it indicates a Spleen and Lung disorder; one should administer a combination of Xie Bai San and Yi Huang San, as the Spleen dislikes Dampness and the Lung dislikes Dryness and Rebellious Qi. If diarrhea presents with a sallow complexion and audible borborygmi, Li Zhong Tang is indicated. If diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting, Fu Ling Ban Xia Tang is indicated. If diarrhea is accompanied by thirst and marked heat, Huang Qin Hou Po Tang is indicated. If there is no thirst and mild heat, Bai Zhu Hou Po Tang is indicated. Combined symptoms in other Zang organs can be inferred by analogy. Refer to the subsequent discussion for detailed herbal modifications based on the seasonal changes.
If Liver disease appears in Autumn (or late afternoon), it indicates Liver overcoming Lung. Since Lung Qi is weak and cannot overcome Liver, one should tonify the Spleen to treat the Liver. Tonifying the Spleen makes the Child solid (Mother generates Child); use Yi Huang San to tonify the Spleen and Xie Qing Wan to treat the Liver. If Lung disease appears in Spring (or early morning), it indicates Lung overcoming Liver. Since Liver Qi is weak, it becomes diseased; one should tonify the Liver and Kidney to treat the Lung. Use Di Huang Wan to tonify the Liver and Kidney and Xie Bai San to treat the Lung. If Liver disease appears in Autumn, Wood is prosperous, and Liver overcomes Lung; one should tonify the Lung and drain the Liver. Mild cases resolve; severe cases result in white lips and death. If Lung disease appears in Spring, Metal is prosperous, and Lung overcomes Liver; one should drain the Lung. Mild cases resolve; severe cases result in pale blue eyes, inevitable fright, and possibly red eyes with convulsions (Zhang Yuansu states: pale blue eyes indicate Liver weakness). If Heart disease appears in Winter, Fire is prosperous, and Heart overcomes Kidney; one should tonify the Kidney and treat the Heart. Mild cases resolve; severe cases result in downward convulsions and muteness due to Kidney weakness. If Kidney disease appears in Summer, Water overcomes Fire, and Kidney overcomes Heart; one should drain the Kidney. Mild cases resolve; severe cases result in palpitations and convulsions. Spleen disease appearing in other seasons follows this logic. Smooth patterns are easy to treat; reversed patterns are difficult. Spleen weakness presents with red and yellow face/eyes. Treat Five Zang counter-control patterns according to symptoms.
If Liver pathology manifests in Autumn (or during the You hour/late afternoon), it signifies Liver overacting on Lung. Because Lung Qi is deficient and unable to control Liver, treatment should focus on tonifying the Spleen to manage the Liver. By tonifying the Spleen (the Mother), the Child (Liver) becomes robust; utilize Yi Huang San to tonify the Spleen and Xie Qing Wan to drain the Liver. If Lung pathology manifests in Spring (or during the Mao hour/early morning), it signifies Lung overacting on Liver. Because Liver Qi is deficient, it succumbs to disease; treatment should focus on tonifying the Liver and Kidney to support the Lung. Utilize Liu Wei Di Huang Wan to tonify the Liver and Kidney and Xie Bai San to drain the Lung. If Liver pathology appears in Autumn, Wood Qi is vigorous, leading to Liver overacting on Lung; one should tonify the Lung and drain the Liver. In mild cases, the Liver condition resolves; in severe cases, the lips turn white, indicating death. If Lung pathology appears in Spring, Metal Qi is vigorous, leading to Lung overacting on Liver; one should drain the Lung. In mild cases, the Lung condition resolves; in severe cases, the eyes appear pale cyan, inevitably leading to fright, and if red, convulsions may occur (Zhang Yuansu notes: pale cyan eyes indicate Liver deficiency). If Heart pathology appears in Winter, Fire Qi is vigorous, leading to Heart overacting on Kidney; one should tonify the Kidney and treat the Heart. In mild cases, the Heart condition resolves; in severe cases, downward convulsions and muteness occur due to Kidney deficiency. If Kidney pathology appears in Summer, Water overacts on Fire, and Kidney overacts on Heart; one should drain the Kidney. In mild cases, the Kidney condition resolves; in severe cases, palpitations and convulsions occur. Spleen pathology appearing in other seasons follows this principle. Patterns that follow the seasonal cycle are easy to treat; those that oppose it are difficult. Spleen deficiency presents with a red and yellow complexion. Treat Five Zang counter-control patterns according to the specific manifestations.
[Luo Pi] The above discusses Five Zang counter-control, where disease follows seasonal timing. This expands upon the principles of the *Neijing* chapter "Organ Qi Methods According to Time," truly revealing insights previously unexplored. For example, if Liver disease appears in Spring or morning, it is the Liver diseased in its own position. If it instead appears in Autumn or late afternoon (positions of Lung), it indicates extreme Lung deficiency allowing Liver to overact; thus, one should tonify Spleen and Lung and drain Liver. The rest follows this logic. [Li Dongyuan] When Liver overacts on Lung, Liver disease presents with body heat and convulsions, accompanied by Lung deficiency signs like panting and shortness of breath. If the disease manifests during Shen, You, and Xu hours, it indicates true Liver strength. The *Neijing* states: "Being controlled but unable to control is called True Strength." The method is to tonify Spleen and Lung and drain Liver, using Dao Chi San and Xie Huang San.
[Luo Pi]: The preceding text discusses the counter-control among the Five Zang organs, where pathological manifestations align with seasonal timings. This elaborates on the principles found in the *Huangdi Neijing* section "Fa Shi Lun" (Discussion on Organ Qi Laws Relative to Time), genuinely elucidating insights not previously expounded. For instance, if Liver pathology manifests in Spring or during the morning hours, it represents the Liver being diseased in its primary domain. However, if it manifests in Autumn or during the late afternoon hours (times associated with the Lung), it indicates extreme Lung deficiency permitting Liver Qi to overact; therefore, treatment should involve tonifying the Spleen and Lung while draining the Liver. Similar logic applies to other scenarios. [Li Dongyuan]: When Liver overacts on Lung, Liver pathology presents with fever and convulsions, accompanied by signs of Lung deficiency such as wheezing and shortness of breath. If these symptoms manifest during the Shen, You, and Xu hours, it signifies "True Strength" of the Liver. As stated in the *Neijing*: "To be constrained yet unable to constrain is termed True Strength." The therapeutic approach is to tonify the Spleen and Lung and drain the Liver, utilizing Dao Chi San and Xie Huang San.
Liu Zongnong said: These all concern Five Zang counter-control, where the disease mechanism adheres to the principles of Five Element generation, restriction, and transformation. Infants are fragile, their blood and Qi undetermined, and their Zang-Fu spirit incomplete, lacking seven emotions and six desires. Thus, they suffer from diseases of Zang Qi excess, deficiency, over-acting, and riding. Yet, common people fail to understand this, often misdiagnosing them as external contraction or internal injury, leading to many wrongful deaths. Alas! Qian's theories had omissions, fortunately supplemented by Jiegu. Now, with these additions, it is a boundless benefit.
Liu Zongnong remarked: All these conditions pertain to the counter-control among the Five Zang organs, where the disease mechanism strictly adheres to the principles of the Five Elements' generation, restriction, and transformation. Since infants are physically fragile, with unsettled Qi and Blood, and immature Zang-Fu functions and Spirit, devoid of the Seven Emotions and Six Desires, they are prone to disorders arising from the excess, deficiency, over-acting, and riding of Zang Qi. However, laypersons often fail to comprehend this principle, frequently misattributing such conditions to external contractions or internal injuries, resulting in numerous preventable deaths. How tragic! Although Qian Yizhi's discussions contained some omissions, they were fortunately supplemented by Zhang Jiegu (Li Dongyuan). The inclusion of these annotations here constitutes a profound and enduring benefit.