痘出有三阳三阴之异，常须辨之，勿令误也。太阳病寒，身热小便赤涩，出
不快，宜荆芥甘草防风汤。少阳病，乍寒乍热，出不快，宜连翘防风汤。阳明
病，身热目赤，大便闭实，疮遍肌肉，出不快，宜升麻葛根汤（初热）加紫草。太阴病，
自利，四肢逆冷，宜附子理中汤（泻）、木香散（泻）。少阴病，黑陷，口舌干燥，宜四物
汤加紫草红花。厥阴病，卵缩舌卷，时发厥逆，宜大异功散（出不快）加防风、青皮。
三阴病，法当救里，故宜以温剂助之。
（凡痘疹、春夏为顺，当纯阳之时也，古人治法，与伤寒同。）
足胫热 两腮红 大便秘 小便涩 渴不止 上气急 脉洪数
以上七证，不宜服热药。
疮疹一发，有密如蚕种者，或如糠 者，合清表，宜连翘升麻汤（见形）。或未出
而先发搐，是兼外感风寒之邪，宜茶汤下解毒丸（痘惊），及犀角地黄汤（失血）。疮出不
快，清便自调，知其在表，当微发散，升麻葛根汤（初热）。若疮青干黑陷，身不大
热，大小便涩滞，是热蓄于内，宜煎大黄汤下宣风散（发热）。若表大热者不可下。黑
陷甚者百祥丸（黑陷）。若疮已发，稠密微喘，渴欲饮水，宜微下之，当归丸及庞氏地
黄膏（见形），外以黄柏膏（见形）涂面。值盛夏暑热正炽，适疮大发，烦渴大便实者，宜
玉露散（吐泻）及甘露饮子（咽痛）。或昏冒不知人，时作搐搦，疮倒靥、黑陷者，宜猪心龙
脑膏（黑陷）。
痘疹的出疹过程有阳证和阴证的区别，必须仔细辨别，以免误诊。太阳病表现为恶寒、身体发热、小便短赤涩痛，痘疹发出迟缓，适宜使用荆芥甘草防风汤。少阳病表现为忽冷忽热，痘疹发出迟缓，适宜使用连翘防风汤。阳明病表现为身体发热、眼睛发红、大便干结不通，痘疹遍布肌肉表面但发出迟缓，适宜使用升麻葛根汤（初热阶段）加紫草。太阴病表现为自发性腹泻、四肢厥冷，适宜使用附子理中汤（针对腹泻）、木香散（针对腹泻）。少阴病表现为痘疹黑陷、口舌干燥，适宜使用四物汤加紫草、红花。厥阴病表现为睾丸收缩、舌头卷曲、时常发生四肢厥逆，适宜使用大异功散（针对痘疹发出迟缓）加防风、青皮。三阴病的治疗原则应当急救里虚，所以适宜用温补的药物来辅助治疗。
（凡是痘疹，在春夏季节出现为顺证，因为此时处于纯阳之时，古人的治疗方法与伤寒相同。）
足胫部发热、两腮发红、大便秘结、小便涩滞、口渴不止、气逆急促、脉象洪数。
以上七种证候，不适宜服用热性药物。
痘疹刚发出时，有的密集如蚕种，有的稀疏如糠秕，应当采用清透表邪的方法，适宜使用连翘升麻汤（见形阶段）。如果痘疹尚未发出却先出现抽搐，这是兼受了外感风寒之邪，适宜用茶汤送服解毒丸（痘惊），以及犀角地黄汤（失血阶段）。痘疹发出迟缓，大小便正常调和，知道病邪在体表，应当轻微发散，使用升麻葛根汤（初热阶段）。如果痘疹颜色青紫、干枯、黑陷，身体没有明显高热，大小便涩滞不畅，这是热毒蓄积在体内，适宜煎煮大黄汤送服宣风散（发热阶段）。如果体表有大热症状，则不可使用泻下法。黑陷严重的，使用百祥丸（黑陷阶段）。如果痘疹已经发出，稠密且伴有轻微喘息，口渴想喝水，适宜轻微泻下，使用当归丸及庞氏地黄膏（见形阶段），外用黄柏膏（见形阶段）涂抹面部。正值盛夏暑热正盛，恰逢痘疹大发，烦躁口渴、大便干实者，适宜使用玉露散（吐泻阶段）及甘露饮子（咽痛阶段）。如果出现昏迷不知人事、时常抽搐、痘疹倒靥、黑陷者，适宜使用猪心龙脑膏（黑陷阶段）。
The eruption of smallpox/variolae presents with differences between Yang syndromes and Yin syndromes; it is necessary to distinguish them carefully to avoid misdiagnosis. In Taiyang disease (Disease of the Taiyang channel), characterized by aversion to cold, fever, and scanty, dark, or difficult urination, where the eruption is slow, Jingjie Gancao Fangfeng Tang (Schizonepeta, Licorice, and Saposhnikovia Decoction) is indicated. In Shaoyang disease (Disease of the Shaoyang channel), characterized by alternating chills and fever, where the eruption is slow, Lianqiao Fangfeng Tang (Forsythia and Saposhnikovia Decoction) is indicated. In Yangming disease (Disease of the Yangming channel), characterized by fever, red eyes, constipation, and eruptions covering the muscles but emerging slowly, Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Puerariae Radix Decoction) from the initial heat stage, added with Zicao (Arnebiae Radix seu Lithospermi Radix), is indicated. In Taiyin disease (Disease of the Taiyin channel), characterized by spontaneous diarrhea and cold limbs, Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite and Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) for diarrhea, and Muxiang San (Costus Powder) for diarrhea are indicated. In Shaoyin disease (Disease of the Shaoyin channel), characterized by black depression of the lesions and dryness of the mouth and tongue, Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Zicao (Arnebiae Radix seu Lithospermi Radix) and Honghua (Carthami Flos) is indicated. In Jueyin disease (Disease of the Jueyin channel), characterized by retraction of the testicles, curling of the tongue, and occasional reversal cold of the limbs, Dayigong San (Great Yi Gong Powder) for slow eruption, added with Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) and Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), is indicated. For the three Yin diseases, the treatment principle dictates rescuing the interior deficiency; therefore, warming agents are appropriate to assist.
(Generally, for variolae/rash diseases, emergence in spring and summer is considered favorable, as this corresponds to the time of pure Yang. The ancient methods of treatment are similar to those for Shanghan [Cold Damage].)
Heat in the lower legs and shins, redness of both cheeks, constipation, difficult urination, unquenchable thirst, rapid breathing, and a surging and rapid pulse.
The above seven signs/symptoms are not suitable for administration of hot-natured medicines.
When the rash first appears, if it is dense like silkworm seeds or sparse like bran, one should employ clearing and releasing the exterior methods; Lianqiao Shengma Tang (Forsythia and Cimicifugae Rhizoma Decoction) at the manifestation stage is indicated. If convulsions occur before the eruption, this indicates concurrent external contraction of wind-cold pathogenic factors; one should administer Jiedu Wan (Detoxification Pill) for variolae fright using tea water as a vehicle, along with Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) for hemorrhage stages. If the eruption is slow, but stool and urine are normal and harmonious, indicating the pathogen is in the exterior, mild diaphoresis should be induced; Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Puerariae Radix Decoction) from the initial heat stage is indicated. If the lesions are blue, dry, and black-depressed, without significant body heat, and with obstructed stool and urine, this indicates heat accumulation within the interior; one should decoct Dahuang Tang (Rhubarb Decoction) to administer Xuanfeng San (Dispel Wind Powder) for fever stages. If there is intense heat on the exterior, purgation must not be used. For severe black depression, Baixiang Wan (Hundred Auspicious Pills) for black depression stages is indicated. If the eruption has appeared, is dense, accompanied by slight wheezing, and thirst with desire to drink, mild purgation is appropriate; Danggui Wan (Angelica Sinensis Pill) and Pangshi Dihuang Gao (Pang's Rehmannia Paste) at the manifestation stage are indicated, and Huangbai Gao (Phellodendron Paste) at the manifestation stage should be applied externally to the face. During midsummer when summer-heat is intense, coinciding with severe eruption, restlessness, thirst, and solid stool, Yulu San (Jade Dew Powder) for vomiting/diarrhea stages and Ganlu Yinzi (Sweet Dew Drink) for sore throat stages are indicated. If there is coma with loss of consciousness, frequent convulsions, inverted healing of lesions, and black depression, Zhuxin Longnao Gao (Pig Heart and Borneol Paste) for black depression stages is indicated.