盖闻二便。均司于肾。元阳上蒸。肺脾符吻。脾腐水谷。大肠导引。大便通调。登圊勿窘。肺主
化原。膀胱气酝。小便通调。无须坚忍。二便自利。惟肾无损。若夫闭涩。各有其本。伤暑伤寒。风
热相等。惊痫客忤。疳积可悯。类皆烦热。燥渴引饮。二便秘结。乃其兼症。原其所由。哺乳失准。
酸咸凝滞。甘甜食并。肠胃风壅。心胸癖梗。水谷不行。气脉如捆。三焦热焚。脏腑毒蕴。治之之
法。疏导为稳。至于癃淋。阴茎诸 。肠头痒痛。痈毒高坟。尿血肠红。一切宜审。二便病除。阴阳
分畛。
王肯堂曰。百问云。小儿大便秘。乃是肺家有热在里。流入大肠。以致秘结不通。乃实热也。
当以四顺清凉饮加柴胡。热甚者。加山栀、黄芩流利之。其表里俱热者。面黄颊赤。唇燥口干。小
便赤涩。大便焦黄。无汗者。先解表。宜柴胡散汗之。解后大便秘。或肚疼者。以清凉饮、大柴胡
汤、承气汤皆可下之。积热者。神芎丸尤妙。
曾氏曰。小便不通。有阴阳二症。阴闭者。为冷湿乘虚入里。因而不通。以白芍药汤加南木
香。及用炒盐熨脐四围。阳闭者。因暴热所逼。涩而不通。又有癃闭。乃五内气虚。受热壅滞。宣化
不行。非涩非痛。但闭不通。腹胀紧满。宜木通散、玉露饮。
薛己曰。东垣云。小便不利。有在气在血之分。在气分者。病居上焦。必渴。肺中有伏热。水不
能生。绝小便之源也。法当淡渗。能泄肺中之热。而滋水之化源。在血分者。病居下焦而不渴。热
蓄膀胱。是热涩其流。而溺不泄也。须用气味浓。阴中之阴药治之。
听说大小二便，都由肾脏主管。肾中元阳向上蒸腾，与肺、脾的功能相契合。脾脏腐熟水谷，大肠传导排泄，大便就能通畅调节，如厕时就不会感到窘迫难受。肺主气化之源，膀胱气化酝酿，小便就能通畅调节，不需要强行忍耐。大小二便自然通利，只有肾脏没有受损。至于闭涩不通，各有其根本原因。伤暑或伤寒，风热邪气相当；惊痫或客忤（外邪侵袭），疳积（营养不良性疾患）令人怜悯。这些情况大多伴有烦热、燥渴想喝水的症状，大小便便秘结是它们的兼症。追溯其根源，若是哺乳不当，酸咸食物导致凝滞，甘甜食物并食，造成肠胃风邪壅塞，心胸痞闷梗塞，水谷不能运行，气脉像被捆缚一样。三焦火热焚烧，脏腑毒邪蕴结。治疗的方法，以疏导为稳妥。至于癃淋（排尿困难伴疼痛），阴茎各种病变，龟头痒痛，痈毒肿起，尿血，肠红（便血），一切情况都应当仔细审查。大小二便的疾病消除，阴阳的界限就分明了。
王肯堂说：《百问》记载，小儿大便秘结，是因为肺家有热在里，流入大肠，导致秘结不通，这是实热证。应当用四顺清凉饮加柴胡。热势严重的，加山栀、黄芩以使其流利。表里俱热的，表现为面色黄、两颊赤、嘴唇干燥、口干，小便赤涩，大便焦黄。无汗的，先解表，宜用柴胡散发汗。解表后若仍大便秘结，或肚子疼的，用清凉饮、大柴胡汤、承气汤都可以攻下。有积热的，神芎丸尤其妙效。
曾氏说：小便不通，有阴闭和阳闭两种症状。阴闭，是因为冷湿之邪乘虚侵入体内，因而导致不通。用白芍药汤加南木香，并用炒盐熨烫脐部四周。阳闭，是因为暴热逼迫所致，涩滞而不通。还有癃闭，是由于五脏内气虚，受热邪壅滞，宣发化行功能不行，既不涩也不痛，只是闭塞不通，腹胀紧满。宜用木通散、玉露饮。
薛己说：东垣认为，小便不利，有在气分和血分的区别。在气分的，病位在上焦，必定口渴，肺中有伏热，水液不能生成，断绝了小便的来源。治法应当用淡渗利湿的药物，能泄去肺中的热，从而滋补水液的化源。在血分的，病位在下焦且不口渴，热蓄积在膀胱，这是热邪涩滞了水流，导致溺液不排泄。必须用气味浓厚、属于阴中之阴性质的药物来治疗。
It is heard that both urination and defecation are governed by the Kidney. The Yuan Yang (Original Yang) steams upward, harmonizing with the Lung and Spleen. The Spleen rotting and transforming food and fluids, and the Large Intestine guiding and leading, allow for smooth regulation of defecation, so that using the toilet does not cause distress. The Lung governs the origin of transformation; the Bladder's Qi ferments and brews, allowing for smooth regulation of urination without need for forced endurance. When urination and defecation are naturally free, it indicates the Kidney is undamaged. As for obstruction and涩 (astringency/stagnation), each has its own root cause. Damage from summerheat or cold, wind-heat being equal; jing xian (convulsions/epilepsy) or ke wu (alien pathogen invasion), gan ji (infantile malnutrition) are pitiable. These cases all involve irritability, heat, dryness, thirst, and craving for drink. Constipation of both urine and stool is their accompanying symptom. Tracing the origin: improper breastfeeding, sour and salty flavors causing stagnation, sweet and cloying foods combining, leading to wind-stagnation in the intestines and stomach, chest and heart palpitations and blockage, water and grain unable to move, Qi and pulses like being bound. San Jiao (Triple Burner) heat burning, Zang-Fu organs' toxicity accumulating. The treatment method should be guidance and dredging for stability. As for long lin (dysuria with difficulty), various lesions of the penis, itch and pain of the glans, carbuncles and toxins rising high, hematuria, intestinal redness (blood in stool), all conditions should be carefully examined. Once diseases of the two bowels are removed, the boundaries of Yin and Yang are distinguished.
Wang Kentang said: "Bai Wen" states that infantile constipation is due to heat in the Lung home residing internally, flowing into the Large Intestine, causing obstinate blockage. This is excess-heat. One should use Si Shun Qing Liang Yin (Four-Obedience Cooling Clearing Decoction) added with Chai Hu (Bupleurum). For severe heat, add Shan Zhi (Gardenia) and Huang Qin (Scutellaria) to facilitate flow. For exterior and interior heat simultaneously, presenting with yellow complexion, red cheeks, dry lips, dry mouth, dark and astringent urine, and scorched-yellow stool: if there is no sweat, first release the exterior, preferably using Chai Hu San (Bupleurum Powder) to induce sweating. After releasing the exterior, if constipation persists or abdominal pain occurs, Qing Liang Yin, Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction), or Cheng Qi Tang (Order the Qi Decoction) can all be used to purge. For accumulated heat, Shen Xiong Wan (Divine Xiong Pill) is especially excellent.
Zeng said: Urinary obstruction has two symptoms: Yin Bi (Yin closure) and Yang Bi (Yang closure). Yin Bi is caused by cold-dampness taking advantage of deficiency to enter the interior, resulting in obstruction. Use Bai Shao Yao Tang (White Peony Root Decoction) added with Nan Mu Xiang (Vladimiria Root), and apply fried salt to warm the area around the umbilicus. Yang Bi is caused by sudden heat forcing the body, leading to astringency and obstruction. There is also Long Bi (Long closure), which is due to deficiency of Qi in the five internal organs, blocked by heat stagnation, where dissemination and transformation do not function. It is neither astringent nor painful, merely closed and obstructed, with abdominal distension and tight fullness. Use Mu Tong San (Akebia Decoction) or Yu Lu Yin (Jade Dew Drink).
Xue Ji said: Dong Yuan stated that difficult urination is divided into those affecting Qi and those affecting Blood. In the Qi aspect, the disease resides in the Upper Jiao, accompanied by thirst. There is latent heat in the Lung, preventing water generation, cutting off the source of urine. The method should employ bland and permeating herbs to drain lung heat and nourish the source of water transformation. In the Blood aspect, the disease resides in the Lower Jiao without thirst. Heat accumulates in the Bladder, meaning heat has astringed the flow, preventing urine excretion. One must use herbs with strong flavor and aroma, belonging to the yin-within-yin category, for treatment.