圣惠方曰。肺气通于鼻。若肺为风冷所伤。冷随气乘于鼻。故流清涕。宜圣惠菊花散。盖津液
涕唾。得热则干燥。得冷则流溢也。
张兼善曰。小儿肺脏雍滞。有积热上攻于脑。则全脑热。犀角升麻散。肺脏有热。津液干燥。
亦令无涕。木通散。其鼻中 肉。宜千金方。
张涣曰。肺气通于鼻。气为阳。若气受风寒。停滞鼻间。则成鼻塞。气寒。津液不收。则多涕。
若冷气久不散。脓涕结聚。使鼻不闻香臭。则成 鼻。清肺膏。若挟热。则鼻干。皆能妨害乳食。
薛己曰。风邪客肺。鼻塞不利。宜消风散、辛夷膏。因惊。仆气散。血无所羁而鼻衄。异功散。
杨氏地黄散加柴、栀。鼻色赤。脾胃实热也。泻黄散。微赤。脾经虚热也。异功散加升、柴。
史演山曰。小儿口内白烂于舌上。口外糜溃于唇弦。疮少而大。不甚痛。常流清水。此脾胃虚
热上蒸。内已先发而后形于外也。百解散以疏表。当归散以和胃气。理虚热。次投牛蒡汤或天竺
黄散、地黄膏。外涂黄金散。有无故口鼻糜溃而不成疮。或服凉剂。或涂末药而不效者。此名元
焦。故脉诀云。阴数脾热并口臭。是脾有虚热。上攻于口也。回阳散。儿大者。黑锡丹、参苓白术
散、调元散。外以黄金散干掺溃处。先用蒸蜜水调点舌上。令自咽下。忌毒物。若疮生口角。是脾
有积热。再有外风吹着。便觉折裂。微有清血。名燕窝疮。治法同前。总之口疮一症。形与名不同。
故治法亦异。有发于未病前。有发于已病后。有不病而自发。大抵此疾。不拘肥瘦。血气盛。又将
养过温。或心脾有热。或客热在胃。熏逼上焦而成。此为实症。宜宣热拔毒。使无炎炽。则自愈也。
小儿偏风口噤。总由肝胆二经之症居多。盖噤者。筋急也。由风木太甚。乘脾以胜水逆。故筋燥
而收敛劲切。或左或右。其因一也。若胃气虚。风邪所乘。其筋脉偏急者。属外因。若肝经风热乘
脾。筋脉偏急者。属内因。若脾肺虚。外邪乘于腠理。或服金石药。耗损肝血。或吐泻液亡。不能养
肝。致口眼歪斜。或半身不遂。诸症皆属肝血不足。肝火生风。宜滋肾水。六味丸。养肝血。六味
丸。壮脾土。异功散加柴胡、钩藤。
《圣惠方》说：肺气通于鼻。如果肺被风冷所伤，寒气随着气机上行至鼻，所以流出清涕。适宜使用《圣惠方》中的菊花散。因为津液、鼻涕和唾液，遇到热就会干燥，遇到冷就会流溢。
张兼善说：小儿肺脏壅滞，有积热向上攻冲至脑，导致全头发热，可用犀角升麻散。如果肺脏有热，津液干燥，也会导致没有鼻涕，可用木通散。如果鼻孔中有息肉（肉），宜用《千金方》治疗。
张涣说：肺气通于鼻。气属阳，如果气受到风寒侵袭，停滞在鼻间，就会形成鼻塞。气寒，津液无法收摄，就会多涕。如果冷气长久不散，脓涕结聚，使鼻子闻不到香臭，就形成了鼻渊（鼻窦炎）。可用清肺膏。如果夹杂热邪，则鼻干。这些情况都会妨害乳食。
薛己说：风邪客居肺中，鼻塞不利，适宜用消风散、辛夷膏。因受惊吓，气机散乱，血液失去约束而流鼻血，可用异功散。杨氏地黄散加柴胡、栀子。鼻子颜色红，是脾胃实热，用泻黄散。微红，是脾经虚热，用异功散加升麻、柴胡。
史演山说：小儿口腔内舌上白烂，口腔外唇边糜烂溃破，疮口少而大，不太疼痛，常流清水。这是脾胃虚热向上熏蒸，内部先发病而后表现在外部。先用百解散疏解表邪，再用当归散调和胃气，调理虚热，随后投用牛蒡汤或天竺黄散、地黄膏。外用黄金散涂抹。有无故口鼻糜烂溃破但不成疮，或者服用凉药、涂抹药末无效的，这名叫“元焦”。所以《脉诀》说：“阴数、脾热并口臭”，是脾有虚热，向上攻冲至口。可用回阳散。年龄较大的儿童，可用黑锡丹、参苓白术散、调元散。外用黄金散直接撒在溃烂处，先用蒸过的蜜水调点于舌上，让患儿自行咽下。忌食有毒食物。如果疮生在口角，是脾有积热，再加上外风吹袭，就会感觉折裂，微有清血渗出，名叫“燕窝疮”。治疗方法同上。总之口疮这一病症，形态与名称不同，所以治疗方法也不同。有的在未病前发作，有的在已病后发作，也有不生病而自发。大体上此疾，不论肥瘦，只要血气旺盛，又将养过暖，或者心脾有热，或者客热在胃，熏逼上焦而成。这属于实证，适宜宣散热邪、拔除毒邪，使炎症不炽盛，就能自愈。
小儿偏风口噤，总归多是肝胆二经的病症。所谓噤，就是筋脉拘急。由于风木之气太盛，乘克脾土以克制肾水，导致筋脉干燥而收敛劲切。无论左侧还是右侧，病因是一样的。如果胃气虚弱，风邪乘虚而入，导致一侧筋脉拘急，属于外因。如果肝经风热乘克脾土，导致一侧筋脉拘急，属于内因。如果脾肺虚弱，外邪乘虚侵入腠理，或者服用金石类药物，耗损肝血，或者吐泻导致津液亡失，不能滋养肝脏，导致口眼歪斜，或者半身不遂。诸症都属于肝血不足，肝火生风。适宜滋补肾水，用六味丸；滋养肝血，用六味丸；壮健脾土，用异功散加柴胡、钩藤。
The *Shenghui Fang* states: Lung Qi connects with the nose. If the lung is injured by wind-cold, cold follows the Qi and ascends to the nose, thus causing clear nasal discharge. The *Juhua San* (Chrysanthemum Powder) from the *Shenghui Fang* is appropriate. This is because body fluids, nasal mucus, saliva, and sputum become dry when exposed to heat, but flow freely when exposed to cold.
Zhang Jianshan stated: In children, the lung organ may be congested and stagnant, with accumulated heat attacking upwards to the brain, causing heat throughout the head; the *Xijiao Shengma San* (Rhino Horn and Cimicifuga Powder) can be used. If the lung has heat, body fluids become dry, also resulting in a lack of nasal discharge; the *Mutong San* (Akebia Decoction) can be used. If there are polyps (fleshy growths) in the nostrils, the *Qianjin Fang* should be employed.
Zhang Huan stated: Lung Qi connects with the nose. Qi belongs to Yang. If Qi is affected by wind-cold and stagnates in the nose, nasal congestion results. Cold Qi causes body fluids to fail to be retained, leading to excessive discharge. If cold qi lingers for a long time without dissipating, purulent mucus accumulates, impairing the sense of smell, resulting in *Bi Yuan* (nasal sinusitis); the *Qingfei Gao* (Lung-Clearing Ointment) can be used. If accompanied by heat, the nose becomes dry. All these conditions can interfere with breastfeeding and food intake.
Xue Ji stated: Wind pathogens lodging in the lung cause nasal congestion and difficulty in breathing; the *Xiaofeng San* (Wind-Expelling Powder) and *Xinyi Gao* (Magnolia Bud Ointment) are suitable. Due to fright, Qi scatters, and blood loses its containment, leading to epistaxis; the *Yigong San* (Benefiting Labor Powder) can be used. The *Yangshi Dihuang San* (Yang's Rehmannia Powder) added with Chaihu (Bupleurum) and Zhizi (Gardenia) is indicated. Redness of the nose indicates excess heat in the spleen and stomach; the *Xiehuang San* (Draining Yellow Powder) is used. Slight redness indicates deficiency heat in the spleen meridian; the *Yigong San* added with Shengma (Cimicifuga) and Chaihu (Bupleurum) is appropriate.
Shi Yanshan stated: In children, white erosion occurs on the tongue inside the mouth, and ulceration occurs at the corners of the lips outside. The sores are few but large, not very painful, and often secrete clear fluid. This is due to deficiency heat in the spleen and stomach steaming upwards, manifesting externally after originating internally. First, use *Baijie San* (Hundred-Resolving Powder) to release the exterior, then use *Danggui San* (Angelica Powder) to harmonize stomach Qi and regulate deficiency heat. Subsequently, administer *Niubang Tang* (Arctium Decoction), or *Tianzhu Huang San* (Calculus Bovis Powder), or *Dihuang Gao* (Rehmannia Ointment). Externally apply *Huangjin San* (Gold Powder). If there is unexplained erosion and ulceration of the mouth and nose without forming distinct sores, or if cooling agents and topical powders are ineffective, this is called *Yuan Jiao* (Original Scorched State). Thus, the *Maijue* (Pulse Classic) states: "Rapid Yin pulse, spleen heat, and bad breath" indicate deficiency heat in the spleen attacking the mouth. The *Huiyang San* (Returning Yang Powder) can be used. For older children, *Heixi Dan* (Black Tin Pill), *Shenling Baizhu San* (Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder), and *Tianyuan San* (Nourishing Origin Powder) may be used. Externally, sprinkle *Huangjin San* directly onto the ulcerated area, first applying honey-water prepared by steaming to the tongue, allowing the child to swallow it naturally. Avoid toxic foods. If sores appear at the corners of the mouth, it indicates accumulated heat in the spleen combined with external wind exposure, causing cracking and slight bleeding, named *Yanwo Chuang* (Swallow's Nest Sore). The treatment method is the same as above. In summary, regarding mouth sores, although forms and names differ, treatments vary. They may occur before illness, after illness, or spontaneously without prior disease. Generally, regardless of body type, if Qi and Blood are vigorous, and care involves excessive warmth, or if there is heat in the heart and spleen, or pathogenic heat in the stomach steaming the upper jiao, this constitutes an excess syndrome. It is appropriate to vent heat and extract toxins, preventing intense inflammation, which will lead to spontaneous recovery.
Infantile hemifacial spasm with locked jaw generally stems mostly from disorders of the liver and gallbladder meridians. "Locked jaw" refers to tendon tension caused by excessive wind-wood energy overacting on spleen-earth to counteract kidney-water, leading to dry tendons that contract tightly. Whether on the left or right, the etiology is the same. If stomach Qi is deficient and wind pathogens invade, causing unilateral tendon tension, it belongs to external causes. If liver-meridian wind-heat overacts on spleen-earth, causing unilateral tendon tension, it belongs to internal causes. If spleen and lung are deficient, external pathogens invade the interstices, or ingestion of mineral drugs depletes liver blood, or vomiting and diarrhea cause fluid loss failing to nourish the liver, resulting in facial paralysis or hemiplegia, all these syndromes belong to insufficient liver blood and liver fire generating wind. It is appropriate to nourish kidney water using *Liuwei Wan* (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill); nourish liver blood using *Liuwei Wan*; strengthen spleen-earth using *Yigong San* added with Chaihu (Bupleurum) and Gouteng (Uncaria).