时疫鼻如烟煤者，邪热烁肺也，由鼻孔干而来，急当清下，少缓则肺胃枯绝矣。三承气合白虎；或三黄石膏加
青黛；或小陷胸加犀角；或犀角大青汤，视其兼证，择而用之。
鼻孔扇张有三。一痰壅于肺，气出入有声，喘咳、胸满、不渴，宜栝蒌、贝母、桑皮、苏子泻肺，肺气通自
愈。一郁热于肺，气出入多热，有微表束其郁热，古人独主越婢汤，盖散其外束，清其内郁也，用于时疫中，以葛
根易麻黄，或葛根黄芩黄连汤亦可。一肾气虚而上逆，气出入皆微，多死。此证必得之屡经汗、下，或兼多汗、心
悸、耳聋，急宜大剂六味合生脉散加牛膝、枸杞，或可百救一、二。
咽干者，邪热淫于膈上也。在伤寒为少阳热证，时疫亦然，宜黄芩，甚则佐以花粉、知母。
时疫咽痛，为热淫于肺。当视其咽中有结、无结∶无
结者微红，以桔梗、花粉、黄芩、元参治之；有结者红肿，当加牛蒡、赤芍消其肿；结甚则起紫泡、白泡，是为
乳蛾，必以针刺去恶血，再服清热之药方妙。
时疫中常有急喉风、急喉痹二险证，旦发夕死，不可不察也。急喉风，咽痛而喘，乃痰邪夹热，上壅于肺。古
方用胆矾吐其痰涎恶血，或皂角膏吐之，治之稍缓，则气闭而死。急喉痹即乳蛾速长，闭塞喉咙，亦以刺去恶血为
主，甚或用刀大开其脓血。此虽见于时疫中，必其人平素贪浓味，多怒郁，肝火妄动，有以致之也。
时行疫病中，鼻孔干燥如烟熏煤黑者，是邪热灼伤肺脏所致，由鼻孔干燥发展而来，应当立即采用清热攻下的治法，稍一迟缓就会导致肺胃阴液枯竭。可选用三承气汤合白虎汤；或者三黄石膏汤加入青黛；或者小陷胸汤加入犀角；或者犀角大青汤，根据伴随症状选择使用。
鼻孔扇动张开有三种情况。一是痰浊壅塞于肺，呼吸出入时有声音，伴有喘咳、胸部胀满、口不渴，适宜用瓜蒌、贝母、桑白皮、苏子泻除肺中痰浊，肺气通畅自然痊愈。二是郁热蕴结于肺，呼吸出入感觉多热，有轻微表邪束缚导致内热郁结，古人单独主张使用越婢汤，以疏散外部束缚，清解内部郁热，用于时行疫病中，可以用葛根代替麻黄，或者葛根黄芩黄连汤也可以。三是肾气虚弱而上逆，呼吸出入气息微弱，大多预后不良。此证必定是由于经过多次发汗、攻下，或者兼有多汗、心悸、耳聋等症状，应当紧急使用大剂量的六味地黄丸合生脉散加入牛膝、枸杞，或许能挽救百分之一二。
咽干，是邪热弥漫于膈膜以上。在伤寒病中属于少阳热证，时行疫病也是如此，适宜用黄芩，严重时辅助天花粉、知母。
时行疫病的咽痛，是热邪弥漫于肺。应当观察咽喉中有无结聚：没有结聚的表现为微红，用桔梗、天花粉、黄芩、玄参治疗；有结聚的表现为红肿，应当加入牛蒡子、赤芍消除肿胀；结聚严重则出现紫泡、白泡，这就是乳蛾（扁桃体炎），必须用针刺去除恶血，再服用清热药物才妙。
时行疫病中常有急喉风、急喉痹两种危重证候，早晨发作晚上死亡，不可不仔细辨别。急喉风，咽痛且气喘，是痰邪夹带热邪，上壅于肺。古方使用胆矾催吐其痰涎恶血，或者皂角膏催吐，治疗稍迟缓，就会因气闭而死。急喉痹即乳蛾迅速长大，闭塞喉咙，也以针刺去除恶血为主，严重时甚至用刀切开排脓放血。这虽然见于时行疫病中，必定是因为此人平时贪图浓味食物，多怒郁，肝火妄动，从而导致的。
In epidemic febrile diseases, when the nostrils are dry and blackened like soot, it is caused by pathogenic heat scorching the Lung. This condition develops from dry nostrils and requires immediate clearing of heat and purging; a slight delay will lead to the withering and exhaustion of Lung and Stomach Yin. One may use San Chengqi Tang (Three Purging Decoctions) combined with Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction); or Sahuang Shigao Tang (Three Yellows and Gypsum Decoction) added with Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis); or Xiaoxiantong Tang (Small Trap-Opening Decoction) added with Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn); or Xijiao Daqing Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Isatis Decoction), selecting the appropriate formula based on accompanying symptoms.
There are three types of flaring nostrils. The first is phlegm turbidity obstructing the Lung, where breathing produces sounds, accompanied by wheezing, cough, chest fullness, and absence of thirst. It is suitable to use Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit), Beimu (Fritillaria Bulb), Sangbaipi (Morus Bark), and Suzi (Perilla Seed) to drain the Lung; once Lung Qi flows freely, recovery occurs naturally. The second is stagnant heat in the Lung, where breathing feels hot, with slight exterior constraint causing internal heat stagnation. Ancients primarily advocated Yuebi Tang (Yuebi Decoction) to scatter the exterior constraint and clear internal stagnation. In epidemic febrile diseases, Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) can be replaced with Puerariae Radix (Gegen), or Gegen Huangqin Huanglian Tang (Kudzu, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction) may also be used. The third is deficiency of Kidney Qi leading to rebellious flow, where breathing is faint; this usually indicates a poor prognosis. This condition typically arises after repeated sweating or purging treatments, or when accompanied by profuse sweating, palpitations, and deafness. Urgent treatment with a large dose of Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) combined with Shengmai San (Generate the Pulse Powder), added with Niuxi (Achyranthes Root) and Gouqi (Goji Berry), might save one or two out of a hundred cases.
Dryness of the throat is caused by pathogenic heat overflowing above the Diaphragm. In Cold Damage disorders, this belongs to Shaoyang Heat Syndrome, which is also the case in epidemic febrile diseases. Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) should be used; if severe, add Huafen (Trichosanthes Root) and Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome).
Sore throat in epidemic febrile diseases is due to heat overflowing into the Lung. One must observe whether there is any swelling or nodulation in the throat: if there is no nodulation, the throat appears slightly red, treated with Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), and Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root). If there is nodulation, the throat is red and swollen; add Niubangzi (Arctium Fruit) and Chishao (Red Peony Root) to reduce swelling. If the nodulation is severe, purple or white blisters appear, known as Ru'e (Mandarin Duck Swelling/Tonsillitis). Pricking with needles to remove bad blood is essential, followed by administering heat-clearing herbs for optimal effect.
Epidemic febrile diseases often present two critical conditions: Ji Houfeng (Acute Wind-Throat) and Ji Houbi (Acute Throat Obstruction), which can cause death from morning to evening and must not be overlooked. Ji Houfeng involves sore throat and wheezing, caused by phlegm pathogens combining with heat and obstructing the Lung upwards. Ancient formulas used Danfan (Alum) to induce vomiting of phlegm and bad blood, or Zaogao (Gleditsia Paste) for vomiting. If treatment is delayed even slightly, death results from Qi closure. Ji Houbi refers to rapidly enlarging Ru'e blocking the throat; the primary treatment is also pricking to remove bad blood, and in severe cases, incising with a knife to drain pus and blood. Although seen in epidemic febrile diseases, these conditions inevitably arise in individuals who habitually consume rich foods, suffer from anger and depression, causing Liver Fire to move recklessly.