黄连（四两味苦寒） 黄芩（一两味苦寒） 芍药（二两味酸平） 鸡子黄（二枚
味甘温） 阿胶（三两味甘温）
上五味。以水五升。先煮三物。取二升。去滓。内胶。烊尽。小冷。内鸡子者。搅
令相得。温服七合。日三服。
阳有余。以苦除之。黄芩黄连之苦。以除热。阴不足。以甘补之。鸡黄阿胶之甘。以
补血。酸、收也。泄也。芍药之酸。收阴气而泄邪热。
少阴病。得之一二日。口中和。其背恶寒者。当灸之。附子汤主之。
少阴客热。则口燥舌干而渴。口中和者。不苦不燥。是无热也。背为阳。背恶寒者。
阳气弱。阴气胜也。经曰。无热恶寒者。发于阴也。灸之。助阳消阴。与附子汤。温经
散寒。
附子（二枚去皮味辛热） 茯苓（三两味甘平） 人参（二两味甘温） 白术（四两
味甘温） 芍药（三两味酸平）
上五味。以水八升。煮取三升。去滓。温服一升。日三服。
辛以散之。附子之辛。以散寒。甘以缓之。茯苓人参白术之甘。以补阳。酸以收之。
芍药之酸。以扶阴。所以然者。偏阴偏阳则为病。火欲实。水当平之。不欲偏胜也。
王宇泰云。背恶寒者。阴寒气盛。此条是也。又或阳气内陷。有背微恶寒者。经所
谓伤寒无大热。口燥渴。心烦。背微恶寒。白虎加人参汤主之。是也。一为阴寒气盛。
一为阳气内陷。当于口中润燥辨之。
少阴病。身体痛。手足寒。骨节痛。脉沉者。附子汤主之。
少阴肾水而主骨节。身体疼痛。肢冷。脉沉者。寒成于阴也。身疼。骨痛。若脉浮。
手足热。则可发汗。此手足寒。脉沉。故当与附子汤温经。
少阴病。下利。便脓血者。桃花汤主之。
阳病。下利便脓血者。胁热也。少阴病。下利便脓血者。下焦不约而里寒也。与桃
花汤。固下散寒。
【黄连阿胶汤方第八十七】
黄连（四两，味苦寒） 黄芩（一两，味苦寒） 芍药（二两，味酸平） 鸡子黄（二枚，味甘温） 阿胶（三两，味甘温）
以上五味药。用水五升。先煎煮前三味药。取汁二升。滤去药渣。加入阿胶。待其完全溶化。稍冷却后。加入鸡蛋黄。搅拌均匀。每次温服七合。每日服用三次。
阳气有余。用苦味药清除它。黄芩、黄连的苦味。用来清除热邪。阴气不足。用甘味药补益它。鸡子黄、阿胶的甘味。用来补血。酸味。具有收敛作用。也有泄热作用。芍药的酸味。能收敛阴气并泄除邪热。
少阴病（少阴经受邪所致的病证）。发病一两天。口中感觉平和（不苦不干）。背部怕冷的。应当施以艾灸。主治方剂为附子汤。
少阴经受客热侵袭。则口燥舌干而渴。口中感觉平和。是不苦不燥。说明体内无热。背部属阳。背部怕冷。是阳气虚弱。阴气偏盛的表现。经书说。没有发热只有恶寒的。属于阴证。艾灸可以助阳消阴。配合使用附子汤。温通经脉散除寒邪。
【附子汤方第八十八】
附子（二枚，去皮，味辛热） 茯苓（三两，味甘平） 人参（二两，味甘温） 白术（四两，味甘温） 芍药（三两，味酸平）
以上五味药。用水八升。煎煮取汁三升。滤去药渣。每次温服一升。每日服用三次。
辛味能发散。附子的辛味。用来散寒。甘味能缓急。茯苓、人参、白术的甘味。用来补益阳气。酸味能收敛。芍药的酸味。用来扶持阴气。之所以这样配伍。是因为阴阳偏颇就会致病。火气过实。水气应当平抑它。不希望出现偏胜的情况。
王宇泰说。背部怕冷。是阴寒气盛。指的就是这一条所述的情况。又或者阳气内陷。有背部轻微怕冷的。经书中所说的伤寒没有大热。口燥渴。心烦。背部轻微怕冷。主治方剂为白虎加人参汤。指的就是这种情况。一个是阴寒气盛。一个是阳气内陷。应当通过观察口中湿润还是干燥来辨别。
少阴病。身体疼痛。手足寒冷。骨节疼痛。脉象沉的。主治方剂为附子汤。
少阴肾主骨节。身体疼痛。四肢发冷。脉象沉的。这是寒邪生于阴分所致。身体疼。骨痛。如果脉浮。手足热。则可以发汗。现在手足寒冷。脉沉。所以应当给予附子汤温通经脉。
[Formula 87: Huanglian Ejiao Tang]
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, 4 liang, bitter and cold) Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 1 liang, bitter and cold) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao, 2 liang, sour and neutral) Yolk of Chicken Egg (Jizihuang, 2 pieces, sweet and warm) Euphorbiae Concretio (Ejiao, 3 liang, sweet and warm)
Take the above five herbs. Add five sheng of water. First decoct the first three herbs. Reduce to two sheng. Strain off the dregs. Add Ejiao. Melt completely. Cool slightly. Add the chicken yolk. Stir well until mixed. Take seven she warm each time. Three times a day.
When Yang is in excess, use bitter substances to eliminate it. The bitterness of Huangqin and Huanglian eliminates heat. When Yin is insufficient, use sweet substances to tonify it. The sweetness of Jizihuang and Ejiao nourishes blood. Sourness has a consolidating effect and also a draining effect. The sourness of Shaoyao consolidates Yin Qi and drains pathogenic heat.
Shao Yin disease (disease pattern involving the Shao Yin channel). Onset within one or two days. The mouth feels normal (not bitter or dry). Aversion to cold on the back indicates the need for moxibustion. The governing formula is Fuzi Tang.
If pathogenic heat invades the Shao Yin channel, there will be dry mouth, dry tongue, and thirst. If the mouth feels normal, it means not bitter and not dry, indicating no heat. The back belongs to Yang. Aversion to cold on the back indicates weak Yang Qi and prevailing Yin Qi. The Classics state: "No fever but aversion to cold originates from Yin." Moxibustion assists Yang and dissipates Yin. Combined with Fuzi Tang, it warms the meridians and disperses cold.
[Formula 88: Fuzi Tang]
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi, 2 pieces, peeled, acrid and hot) Poria (Fuling, 3 liang, sweet and neutral) Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen, 2 liang, sweet and warm) Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 4 liang, sweet and warm) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao, 3 liang, sour and neutral)
Take the above five herbs. Add eight sheng of water. Decoct to obtain three sheng. Strain off the dregs. Take one sheng warm each time. Three times a day.
Acridity disperses. The acridity of Fuzi disperses cold. Sweetness moderates. The sweetness of Fuling, Renshen, and Baizhu tonifies Yang Qi. Sourness consolidates. The sourness of Shaoyao supports Yin Qi. This is because deviation towards either extreme of Yin or Yang leads to disease. If Fire becomes excessive, Water should level it. One does not desire an imbalance in dominance.
Wang Yutai stated: "Aversion to cold on the back is due to flourishing Yin-cold," referring to this specific clause. Alternatively, if Yang Qi sinks inward, there may be slight aversion to cold on the back. As stated in the Classics regarding Cold Damage: "No high fever, dry mouth and thirst, irritability, slight aversion to cold on the back," governed by Baihu Jia Renshen Tang. This refers to that condition. One case is due to flourishing Yin-cold; the other is due to sinking Yang Qi. They should be distinguished by observing whether the mouth is moist or dry.
In Shao Yin disease, body pain, cold hands and feet, bone joint pain, and a deep pulse indicate Fuzi Tang as the governing formula.
The Kidney of Shao Yin governs bone joints. Body pain, cold limbs, and a deep pulse indicate cold generated in the Yin aspect. Body ache and bone pain, if accompanied by a floating pulse and warm hands and feet, can be treated with sweating methods. Since here the hands and feet are cold and the pulse is deep, Fuzi Tang should be given to warm the meridians.
In Shao Yin disease, diarrhea with pus and blood in the stool, Taohua Tang is the governing formula.
In Yang diseases, diarrhea with pus and blood in the stool is due to damp-heat. In Shao Yin disease, diarrhea with pus and blood in the stool is due to failure of the Lower Jiao to restrain and interior cold. Taohua Tang is given to consolidate and stop diarrhea while dispersing cold.