经云。肾者。封藏之本。精之处也。其华在发。多食甘则骨痛而发落。髭须黄者。多热多
气。白者。少血多气。黑色者。多血少气。美眉者。太阳多血。通髯极须者。少阴多血。美须者。
阳明多血。发黄白。七宝美髯丹。发白须黄。发落不生。脉弦。皮毛枯槁。是营卫气衰。黄 建
中下六味丸。发脱落。及脐下痛。是脾肾气衰。不能生长真阴。四君子加熟地。染须。用乌金散、
乌金丹、赤金散。皆不伤髭而极效。一法。拣上好茄棵。留初生第一枚茄子。傍蒂上面挖去一块。
嵌入水银三分。仍以挖下者掩上。拴好。余花摘去。勿令结子。久之茄中悉化为水。取贮铅罐中。
以水浸罐之半。勿令干。须梢一沾。全须尽黑。
唇属足太阴阳明脾胃。又属手少阴太阴。心脉挟口。统属冲任二脉。上唇挟口。属足阳明。
下唇挟口。属手阳明。唇燥则干。热则裂。风则 。寒则揭。若唇肿起白皮。皱裂如蚕茧者。名
曰茧唇。有唇肿如茧如瘤者。或因七情火动伤血。或因心火传脾。或因浓味积热伤脾。大要审本
证。察兼证。清胃气。生脾津。或兼滋肾。则燥自润。火自降。风自息。肿自消。若患者忽略。
治者不察。妄用消热清毒之药。或用药线结去。反为翻花败证矣。肾虚唇茧。时出血水。内热口
干。吐痰体瘦。六味丸去萸加麦冬。不应。用加减八味丸。肝经怒火。风热传脾。唇肿裂。或患
茧唇。柴胡清肝散。胃火血燥。唇裂为茧。或牙龈溃烂作痛。清胃散。风客于脾经。唇燥裂无色。
犀角升麻汤去白附子。加枳壳、石斛。妇人郁怒。肝脾受伤。多有此证。逍遥、归脾、小柴胡选
用。唇燥口干。生疮年久不愈。外用橄榄烧灰研末。猪脂调涂。治
唇紧裂生疮。青皮烧灰敷之。唇者肉之分也。唇反者。肉先死。唇青者。为筋死。
石顽曰。唇青有二。若唇与爪甲俱青而烦渴引饮者。为热伏厥阴。竹叶石膏汤。若唇青厥冷
而畏寒。振振欲擗地者。为寒犯少阴。真武汤。唇淡为脱血。宜十全大补辈。唇赤中带黄色。为
脾热。黄芩芍药汤。唇赤而肿浓。漯漯然者。虽曰心火亢盛。实脾胃中有湿热。当从清胃散加减治之。
《黄帝内经》说：肾，是封藏的根本，也是精液储存的地方。肾的精气外荣表现在头发上。如果多吃甘味食物，会导致骨骼疼痛且头发脱落。胡须发黄的人，体内多热、多气；胡须发白的人，血少而气多；胡须发黑的人，血多而气少。眉毛美观的人，太阳经气血充盛；胡须和络腮胡浓密发达的人，少阴经气血充盛；胡须美观的人，阳明经气血充盛。
对于胡须发黄变白、头发脱落不再生长、脉象弦细、皮肤毛发干枯枯槁的症状，这是营卫之气衰弱的表现，可用黄建中汤或六味地黄丸治疗。对于头发脱落以及脐下疼痛的症状，这是脾肾之气衰弱，不能滋养真阴的表现，可用四君子汤加熟地黄治疗。
用于染须的方法，可使用乌金散、乌金丹、赤金散，这些方剂都不损伤胡须且效果极佳。另一种方法：挑选上好的茄子植株，保留刚长出的第一枚茄子，在靠近蒂部的上方挖去一块，嵌入三分水银，仍用挖下的部分盖住，捆扎牢固。摘除其余的花，不要让茄子结籽。时间久了，茄子里的物质全部化为水，取出来储存在铅罐中，用水浸泡罐子的一半，不要让水干涸。只要胡须梢端沾到这种水，全副胡须都会变黑。
嘴唇归属于足太阴脾经和足阳明胃经（脾胃），又归属于手少阴心经和手太阴肺经。心脉挟持口唇，整体统属于冲脉和任脉。上唇两侧挟持口部，归属于足阳明经；下唇两侧挟持口部，归属于手阳明经。嘴唇干燥则干裂，受热则开裂，受风则麻木不知痛痒，受寒则僵硬揭起。如果嘴唇肿胀并长出白皮，皱裂像蚕茧一样，名叫“茧唇”。有的嘴唇肿胀如茧如瘤，可能是因为七情郁结化火伤及血液，也可能是因为心火传移至脾，或者是因厚味积热损伤了脾脏。大抵要审察本证，检查兼证，清泻胃气，生发脾津，或者兼以滋补肾阴，那么干燥自然滋润，火热自然下降，风邪自然平息，肿胀自然消退。如果患者忽视，医生不仔细诊察，妄用清热解毒的药物，或者用药线结扎去除，反而会变成翻花败证（难治的恶疮）。
肾虚导致的茧唇，时常出血流水，伴有内热口干、吐痰、身体消瘦，可用六味地黄丸去掉山茱萸加入麦冬治疗；如果无效，使用加减八味丸。肝经怒火，风热传至脾经，导致嘴唇肿胀开裂，或者患茧唇，可用柴胡清肝散。胃火血燥，导致嘴唇裂开成茧，或者牙龈溃烂作痛，可用清胃散。风邪客居于脾经，导致嘴唇干燥开裂且颜色淡白，可用犀角升麻汤去掉白附子，加入枳壳、石斛。妇人因郁怒导致肝脾受伤，多有此证，可选用逍遥散、归脾汤或小柴胡汤。
嘴唇干燥口干，生疮多年不愈，外用橄榄烧成灰研成末，用猪脂调和涂抹。治疗嘴唇紧缩开裂生疮，可用青皮烧成灰敷贴。嘴唇是肌肉的一部分。嘴唇向外翻卷的，说明肌肉先死；嘴唇发青的，说明筋先死。
石顽（张璐号）说：嘴唇发青有两种情况。如果嘴唇和指甲都发青，并且烦躁口渴想喝水，这是热邪伏藏在厥阴经，可用竹叶石膏汤治疗。如果嘴唇发青、四肢厥冷并且怕冷，身体颤抖想要倒地，这是寒邪侵犯少阴经，可用真武汤治疗。嘴唇色淡是失血脱血的表现，适宜用十全大补汤之类的方剂。嘴唇红中带黄色，是脾热的表现，可用黄芩芍药汤治疗。嘴唇红而且肿胀浓重，汗出淋漓的样子，虽然说是心火亢盛，实际上是脾胃中有湿热，应当从清胃散加减来治疗。
The *Classic of Medicine* (Huangdi Neijing) states: The Kidney is the root of sealing and storing, and the residence of Essence. Its brilliance manifests in the hair. Excessive consumption of sweet substances leads to bone pain and hair loss. Yellow beard indicates excessive Heat and Qi; white beard indicates deficient Blood and excessive Qi; black beard indicates excessive Blood and deficient Qi. Beautiful eyebrows indicate abundant Blood and Qi in the Taiyang channel; dense sideburns and full beard indicate abundant Blood and Qi in the Shaoyin channel; a beautiful beard indicates abundant Blood and Qi in the Yangming channel.
For yellowing or whitening of the beard, hair loss with failure to regrow, wiry pulse, and dry and withered skin and hair, this signifies the decline of Ying and Wei Qi. Huangjianzhong Tang (Yellow Cinnamon Twig Decoction) or Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) may be used. For hair loss accompanied by pain below the umbilicus, this signifies the decline of Spleen and Kidney Qi, failing to nourish True Yin. Six Gentlemen Decoction (Sijunzi Tang) added with Prepared Rehmannia Root (Shu Di Huang) may be used.
To dye the beard, Wujin San (Black Gold Powder), Wuji Dan (Black Gold Pill), or Chijin San (Red Gold Powder) can be used; all are highly effective without damaging the beard. Another method: Select superior eggplant plants, retain the first eggplant formed, and scoop out a piece from above the stem near the calyx. Embed 3 fen of Mercury into the cavity, cover it with the scooped-out piece, and tie it securely. Remove other flowers to prevent fruit setting. After a long period, the contents of the eggplant will transform into water. Collect this water and store it in a lead jar. Immerse half of the jar in water, ensuring it does not dry out. Once the tip of the beard touches this liquid, the entire beard will turn black.
The lips belong to the Foot-Taiyin Spleen and Foot-Yangming Stomach channels. They also relate to the Hand-Shaoyin Heart and Hand-Taiyin Lung channels. The Heart vessel flanks the mouth, and the area is generally governed by the Chong and Ren vessels. The upper lip flanking the mouth belongs to the Foot-Yangming channel; the lower lip flanking the mouth belongs to the Hand-Yangming channel. Dryness causes chapping; Heat causes cracking; Wind causes numbness; Cold causes stiffness and peeling. If the lips swell with white skin, wrinkling and cracking like a silkworm cocoon, it is named "Cocoon Lip" (Jianchun). Some cases present with lip swelling resembling a cocoon or tumor, caused by emotional stagnation transforming into Fire that injures Blood, Heart Fire transmitting to the Spleen, or accumulation of Heat from rich flavors injuring the Spleen. Generally, one must examine the primary syndrome and concurrent syndromes, clear Stomach Qi, generate Spleen fluids, or additionally nourish Kidney Yin. Then dryness will moisten, Fire will subside, Wind will cease, and swelling will dissipate. If neglected by the patient or misdiagnosed by the practitioner, who recklessly uses heat-clearing and detoxifying medicines, or attempts removal via cauterization threads, it may degenerate into a refractory ulcerative condition (Fanhuai Baise).
For Cocoon Lip due to Kidney deficiency, presenting with bleeding serum, internal Heat, dry mouth, expectoration, and emaciation, use Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) with Cornus removed and Ophiopogon added. If ineffective, use Jiajian Bawei Wan (Modified Eight-Ingredient Pill). For Liver Fire and Wind-Heat transmitting to the Spleen, causing lip swelling and cracking or Cocoon Lip, use Chaihu Qinggan San (Bupleurum Liver-Clearing Powder). For Stomach Fire and Blood dryness causing lip cracking into a cocoon, or gum ulceration and pain, use Qingwei San (Stomach-Clearing Powder). For Wind invading the Spleen channel, causing dry, cracked, and pale lips, use Xijiao Shengma Tang (Rhino Horn and Cimicifuga Decoction) with Atractylodes Macrocephala removed, plus Magnolia Bark and Dendrobium. In women, depression and anger injuring the Liver and Spleen often cause this syndrome; Xiaoyao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder), Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction), or Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) may be selected.
For chronic lip dryness, thirst, sores that fail to heal for years, apply externally: Olive ash ground into powder, mixed with pig fat. For tight, cracked, and sore lips, apply burned Green Tangerine Peel powder. The lips represent the flesh. Everted lips indicate death of the flesh first; blue lips indicate death of the sinews first.
Shiwan (Zhang Lu's pseudonym) stated: There are two types of blue lips. If the lips and fingernails are both blue accompanied by irritability, thirst, and desire to drink, it indicates Heat latent in the Jueyin channel; Zhuye Shigao Tang (Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) is indicated. If the lips are blue, limbs are cold, aversion to cold prevails, and the body trembles as if wanting to fall to the ground, it indicates Cold invading the Shaoyin channel; Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is indicated. Pale lips indicate blood loss/depletion; Shiquan Dabu Tang (Complete Great Tonifying Decoction) and similar formulas are suitable. Red lips with a yellow tint indicate Spleen Heat; Huangqin Shaoyao Tang (Scutellaria and Peony Decoction) is indicated. Red and swollen lips with profuse sweating, although attributed to hyperactive Heart Fire, actually indicate Damp-Heat in the Spleen and Stomach; Qingwei San (Stomach-Clearing Powder) should be modified for treatment.