疏表法∶小儿发热,喜人怀抱,面带惨色,口不渴,清便自调,吮乳不热,或鼻塞流涕
,或喷嚏,浑身拘急,此表热也。以葱一握,捣烂取汁,少加麻油和匀,于避风处,指蘸葱
油摩运儿之五心头面顶背诸处,每处摩擦十数下,运完以浓衣裹之,蒙其头,略疏微汗,使
邪气外出即愈,不可令其大汗。
清里法∶小儿发热至二三日,邪已入里,或乳食停滞,内成郁热,其症五心烦热,喜露
头面,口渴多啼,胸满气急,面赤唇焦,大小便秘,此里热也。鸡蛋一枚,去黄取清,以碗
盛之,入麻油约与鸡蛋清等,再加雄黄细末一钱,搅极匀,以妇女乱发一团,蘸蛋清于小儿
胸口拍之,寒天以火烘之,不可冷用。自胸口拍至脐轮,只须拍半个时候,仍以头发敷于胸
口,以布扎之,一炷香久取下。不拘一切诸热,皆能退去。此身有热者用之,若身无热,惟
啼哭焦烦,神志不安,不必蛋清,专以麻油雄黄拍之。乃治危险之症,功难殚述。
解烦法∶凡小儿实热之症及痘疹毒盛热极,其候面赤口渴,五心烦热,啼哭焦扰,身热
如火,上气喘急,扬手掷足,一时药不能及。水粉一两,以鸡蛋清调匀略稀,涂儿胸口及两
手掌心,复以酿酒小曲十数枚,研烂,热酒和作二饼,贴两足心,布扎之,少顷其热散于四
肢,心内清凉,不复啼扰。
开闭法∶小儿风痰闭塞,昏沉不醒,药不能入,甚至用艾火灸之,亦不知痛。生姜一大
块,生菖蒲、生艾叶、生葱各一把,共入石臼内捣如泥,以麻油、好醋各一杯,同前四味炒
热,布包之,从头顶背胸四肢乘热往下熨之,其痰豁然而醒。
引痰法∶凡小儿痰嗽,上气喘急,有升无降,喉中作牵锯之声,须引而下行。生白矾研
末一两,面粉三钱,好醋调和,作二小饼,贴两足心布包之,一宿其痰自下。
暖痰法∶凡小儿胸中有寒痰,不时昏绝,醒即吐出如绿豆粉浓浓而带青色,此寒极之痰
。前法皆不能化,惟用生附子一枚、生姜一两,同捣烂,炒热布包,熨背心及胸前,熨完将
姜附捻成一饼,炙温热,贴于胃口,良久其痰自开。
纳气法∶凡小儿虚脱大症,上气喘急,真气浮散,不得归元。吴茱萸五分、胡椒七粒、
五倍子一钱,研细末,酒和作饼,封肚脐以带扎之,气自顺。
通脉法∶凡小儿忽尔手足厥冷,用生姜煨熟,捣汁半杯,略入麻油调匀,以指蘸姜油,
摩儿手足,往下搓挪揉捩,以通其经络,俟其热回,以手拭去之。小儿指纹带涩,推之不动
,急以此法推豁之。不论阴阳虚实,用之皆效。
定痛法∶凡小儿胸中饱闷,脐腹疼痛,一时无药,用食盐一碗,炒极热,向胸腹从上熨
下,冷则又炒又熨,痛定乃止。
调治法∶凡小儿有病,令其本身忌口。乳子即令乳母忌口。严戒荤酒油腻酸碱辛辣之物
,及寒暑恼怒房劳,俱宜慎之。若病轻者,得饮清乳一二日,不药亦愈。凡乳子谷食不宜太
早,至于油腻腥膻酒食凝滞难消之物,平日俱宜戒食,病中尤当切忌,慎之慎之。
疏表法:小儿出现发热,喜欢被人抱在怀里,面色苍白无华,口不渴,大小便正常,吃奶时身体不烫,或者伴有鼻塞流鼻涕、打喷嚏,全身拘紧僵硬,这是表热证。取一把葱,捣烂后取汁液,加入少量麻油搅拌均匀,在避风的地方,用手指蘸取葱油,按摩患儿的心窝、面部、头顶、背部等部位,每个部位摩擦十几下,按摩完后用厚衣服包裹住孩子,蒙住头部,使其微微出汗,让邪气随汗排出即可痊愈,不可令其大汗淋漓。
清里法:小儿发热两三天后,病邪已入里,或因乳食停滞,体内形成郁热,症状表现为五心烦热(手心、脚心及心胸烦热),喜欢露出头面,口渴多啼哭,胸满气急,面红唇焦,大小便不通畅,这是里热证。取一个鸡蛋,去掉蛋黄只留蛋清,放入碗中,加入约与蛋清等量的麻油,再加一钱雄黄细末,搅拌至极均匀。取一团妇女乱发,蘸取蛋清液,在患儿胸口拍打,天冷时用火烘烤加热,不可冷用。从胸口拍至肚脐周围,只需拍半个时辰(一小时),仍用头发敷在胸口,用布扎紧,保持一炷香的时间后取下。无论何种热症,皆能退热。此法适用于身有热者;若身无热,仅表现为啼哭焦躁、神志不安,则不必用蛋清,专门用麻油和雄黄拍打即可。这是治疗危重病症的方法,功效难以详尽叙述。
解烦法:凡是小儿实热证及痘疹毒盛、热极之症,表现为面红口渴,五心烦热,啼哭焦躁扰攘,身热如火,上气喘急,扬手掷足,此时药物一时无法送达或见效。取水粉一两,用鸡蛋清调匀至略稀,涂抹于患儿胸口及双手掌心,再将十数枚酿酒用的小曲研烂,用热酒调和做成两个饼,贴敷于双足心,用布扎紧。片刻之后,热气散于四肢,内心清凉,不再啼哭烦躁。
开闭法:小儿因风痰闭塞,昏沉不醒,药物无法进入,甚至用艾火灸治也感觉不到疼痛。取生姜一大块,生石菖蒲、生艾叶、生葱各一把,共同放入石臼中捣成泥状,加入麻油、好醋各一杯,与前四味药一起炒热,用布包好,从头顶、背、胸、四肢乘热向下熨烫,痰浊豁然而去,患儿苏醒。
引痰法:凡是小儿痰嗽,上气喘急,气机只有升没有降,喉中有拉锯般的声响,必须引导痰气下行。取生白矾研末一两,面粉三钱,用好醋调和,做成两个小饼,贴敷于双足心,用布包扎,过一夜痰自下行。
暖痰法:凡是小儿胸中有寒痰,不时昏厥,醒来后吐出如绿豆粉般浓稠且带青色的痰,这是极寒之痰。前面的方法都不能化解,只能用生附子一枚、生姜一两,共同捣烂,炒热后用布包好,熨烫背心及胸前,熨完后将姜和附子捏成一个饼,炙烤温热后,贴敷于胃口处,许久之后痰自消散。
纳气法:凡是小儿虚脱重症,上气喘急,真气浮散,不能回归本源。取吴茱萸五分、胡椒七粒、五倍子一钱,研成细末,用酒调和做成饼,封贴肚脐并用带子扎紧,气自然顺接。
通脉法:凡是小儿突然手足厥冷,用生姜煨熟,捣汁半杯,略加麻油调匀,用手指蘸姜油,按摩患儿手足,向下搓挪揉捩,以疏通经络,等到热度恢复,用手擦去即可。小儿指纹呈现涩滞感,推之不动,急需以此法推拿疏通。不论阴阳虚实,使用此法皆有效。
定痛法:凡是小儿胸中饱闷,脐腹疼痛,一时没有药物可用,取食盐一碗,炒至极热,向胸腹从上往下熨烫,冷了再炒再熨,疼痛停止才罢休。
调治法:凡是小儿生病,要求其本身忌口。哺乳期的婴儿,令乳母忌口。严格戒除荤腥、酒、油腻、酸、碱、辛辣之物,以及寒暑刺激、恼怒、房劳等,都应当谨慎。若病情轻者,饮用清淡乳汁一二日,不吃药也能痊愈。凡是哺乳期婴儿不宜过早添加谷食,至于油腻、腥膻、酒类等凝滞难消化的食物,平日就应当戒食,患病期间更应切忌,务必谨慎再谨慎。
Shubiao Method (Method for Dispersing the Exterior): When a child presents with fever, desires to be held, has a pale and wan complexion, no thirst, normal bowel movements, no heat upon nursing, or is accompanied by nasal congestion with runny nose, sneezing, and general stiffness and rigidity of the body, this indicates Exterior Heat. Take a handful of scallions, crush them to extract the juice, mix with a small amount of Sesame Oil (Sesamum indicum), and in a wind-sheltered place, use fingers dipped in the scallion oil to massage and rub the child's chest center (Jianmen, CV12), face, top of the head, back, and other areas. Rub each area more than ten times. After finishing, wrap the child in thick clothing, cover the head, and induce a slight sweat to allow the pathogenic factor to exit; do not cause profuse sweating.
Qingli Method (Method for Clearing the Interior): If a child has had a fever for two to three days, the pathogen has entered the interior, or milk/food stagnation has formed internal stagnant heat, symptoms include heat in the five centers (palms, soles, and chest), preference for exposing the head and face, thirst with frequent crying, chest fullness with rapid breathing, red face and dry cracked lips, and constipation or difficult urination and defecation. This indicates Interior Heat. Take one egg, separate the white from the yolk, place the white in a bowl, add sesame oil equal in volume to the egg white, plus one qian (approx. 3-5g) of fine powder of Realgar (Realgar). Stir thoroughly. Take a clump of women's loose hair, dip it in the egg white mixture, and pat it on the child's chest. In cold weather, warm it over fire; do not use cold. Pat from the chest down to the umbilicus. This should take half an hour (one shichen). Leave the hair on the chest and bind with cloth for the time it takes to burn one incense stick before removing. This can reduce all kinds of heat. Use this for those with fever. If there is no fever but only crying, irritability, and restlessness of spirit, do not use egg white; specifically use sesame oil and realgar for patting. This treats critical conditions, and its merits are too numerous to recount.
Jiefan Method (Method for Relieving Restlessness): For cases of excess heat in children or severe toxicity from chickenpox/smallpox with extreme heat, presenting with red face, thirst, heat in the five centers, restless crying, body heat like fire, rapid upper breath, waving hands and kicking feet, where medicine cannot reach quickly. Take one liang (approx. 30-60g) of Lead Powder (Cerussa), mix with egg white to a slightly thin consistency, apply to the child's chest and both palms. Then, take more than ten pieces of fermented rice cake used for brewing wine, crush them, mix with hot wine to form two cakes, and apply to both sole centers (Yongquan, KI1). Bind with cloth. Soon after, the heat disperses to the four limbs, the heart feels cool, and crying/restlessness ceases.
Kaibi Method (Method for Opening Obstruction): For children obstructed by wind-phlegm, unconscious and unresponsive, unable to take medicine, even feeling no pain from moxibustion. Take a large piece of fresh ginger, one handful each of fresh Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (Shichangpu), fresh Folium Artemisiae Argyi (Aiye), and fresh scallions. Pound together in a stone mortar into a paste. Add one cup of sesame oil and one cup of good vinegar, stir-fry these four ingredients with the oils/vinegars until hot. Wrap in cloth and iron/warm from the top of the head, back, chest, and limbs downwards while hot. The phlegm will clear, and the child will awaken.
Yintan Method (Method for Guiding Phlegm Downward): For children with cough due to phlegm, rapid upper breath, qi rising without descending, and a sawing sound in the throat. It is necessary to guide the phlegm downward. Take one liang of raw Alum (Mingfan), three qian of flour, mix with good vinegar to form two small cakes. Apply to both sole centers and wrap with cloth. After one night, the phlegm naturally descends.
Nuantan Method (Method for Warming Phlegm): For children with cold-phlegm in the chest, occasionally fainting, vomiting up thick, greenish phlegm resembling mung bean starch upon waking. This is extreme cold phlegm. Previous methods cannot resolve it. Use one raw Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi, processed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii) and one liang of fresh ginger. Pound together, stir-fry until hot, wrap in cloth, and iron/warm the back and chest. After ironing, shape the ginger and fuzi into a cake, warm it by roasting, and apply to the stomach region (Wei). After a long time, the phlegm will dissipate.
Naqi Method (Method for Grasping Qi): For critical deficiency collapse in children, rapid upper breath, floating and scattering of true qi, failing to return to its origin. Take five fen of Fructus Evodiae (Wuzhuyu), seven grains of Piper nigrum (Hujiao), and one qian of Galla Chinensis (Wubeizi). Grind into fine powder, mix with wine to form a cake, seal onto the umbilicus, and bind with a belt. The qi will naturally smooth out.
Tongmai Method (Method for Unblocking Collaterals): For sudden cold extremities in children. Roast fresh ginger until cooked, crush to extract half a cup of juice, mix with a little sesame oil. Dip fingers in the ginger-oil mixture, massage the child's hands and feet, rubbing and kneading downwards to unblock meridians and collaterals. Wait for warmth to return, then wipe off with hand. If the child's fingernail vein appears rough/stagnant and cannot be pushed, urgently use this method to push and clear it. Effective regardless of Yin/Yang or Deficiency/Excess patterns.
Dingtong Method (Method for Stopping Pain): For children with chest fullness and distension, pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions, when no medicine is available at the moment. Take one bowl of salt, stir-fry until extremely hot. Iron/warm the chest and abdomen from top to bottom. When cool, stir-fry again and continue ironing until the pain subsides.
Tiaozhi Method (Method for Regulation and Care): When a child is ill, enforce dietary restrictions on the child itself. For nursing infants, enforce dietary restrictions on the lactating mother. Strictly avoid meat, alcohol, greasy foods, sour/alkaline substances, and spicy foods, as well as exposure to cold/heat, anger, and sexual exhaustion. All should be approached with caution. If the illness is mild, drinking clear breast milk for one or two days may lead to recovery without medication. Solid food should not be introduced too early to nursing infants. Greasy, fishy, mutton, alcoholic, and hard-to-digest foods should be avoided daily, especially during illness. Exercise utmost caution.