一古人因病立方，加减出入，俱有深意。若不明其受病之由，与用方之所以能治其病之
故，而概执方以治之，其不至于误世殃人者几希。兹集病情方意，互相阐发，庶便资用，若
每方皆释，则重复烦琐，反生厌渎。故前后间见，详略不一，或释制方之意，或拟加减之法，
读
一人身一小天地也，当天地初开，气化浓密，则受气常强。及其久也，气化渐薄，则受
气常弱。尝考五帝之寿，咸逾百岁，三王之后，及百者鲜矣。故东汉之世，仲景处方，辄以
两计。宋元而后，东垣丹溪，不过钱计而已。岂非深明造化，与时偕行者与。今去宋元又远，
元气转薄，所以临证施治，多事调养，专防克伐，多事温补，痛戒寒凉，此今时治法之变通
也。若执成方，或矜家秘，惟知尽剂，罔顾本元，惟知古法，不审时宜，则轻病即重，重病
即死矣。有利济之心者，宜加战兢焉。
一成无己所注仲景之方，不过循文训释而已，近世如方中行喻嘉言周扬俊辈，于仲景伤
寒论，俱有发明，而喻氏尤能阐发其精义，故本集采录独多。
一吴鹤皋之医方考，门分七十，则嫌其多；方凡七百首，每证不过数方，则嫌其少，如
五积散逍遥散，皆不入选，不无阙略。近日汪 庵医方集解，门分二十有一，正方三百有奇，
附
已足尽医疗之法，其有未备。学人其神明而推展之，比例而善用之，则得矣。
一集中所分门类，医学始于灵素，故首列内经之方。而人之由生，全赖夫气，故先治气。
血者所以配气，故次理血，今人血气亏者甚多，故次补养。而大虚者防滑脱，故次涩固。及
受病则有汗吐下三法，故次发表涌吐攻里。又有宜缓攻者，故次消导。若病在半表半里，法
当和解，故次和解。又有表证未除，里证又急者，当表里交治，故次表里。而受病之因，多
起于六淫，故次风寒暑湿燥火。而病有因痰者，故次除痰。有因虫者，故次杀虫。至于妇人
小儿痈疡眼目，各有专科。兹集欲便于用，故每科略取数方，以备采择。又录救急之方，以
应仓猝。
一、古人根据病情制定方剂，药物的加减变化，都蕴含深意。如果不明白致病的原因，以及使用某方能够治愈疾病的原理，而一概拘泥于成方来治疗，那么不致误人害世的就太少了。本集将病情与方义相互阐发，以便读者参考应用；如果每首方剂都进行解释，则会重复繁琐，反而引起厌烦。因此前后内容间有详略不一之处，有的解释制方的用意，有的拟定加减的方法。
一人身体就是一个小天地。在天地初开之时，气化浓密，人体受气通常较强。等到时间久了，气化逐渐变薄，人体受气通常较弱。曾经考察五帝时期的寿命，都超过百岁；三王之后，能活到百岁的就很少了。所以东汉时期，张仲景开方，常用“两”作为计量单位；宋元以后，李东垣、朱丹溪等人，不过用“钱”作为计量单位罢了。这难道不是深刻明了自然造化，随着时代变化而调整的吗？如今距离宋元又已遥远，元气更加薄弱，所以在临证施治时，多注重调养，专门防止攻伐太过，多采用温补，严厉告诫避免寒凉药物，这是当今治疗方法的变化与通融。如果拘泥于成方，或者夸耀家传秘方，只知道用完药量，不顾护根本元气，只知道古法，不审察时宜，那么轻病就会加重，重病就会导致死亡。如果有救世济人的心志，应当加以警惕谨慎。
一、成无己所注释的张仲景方剂，不过是顺着文句进行训释而已。近代如方中行、喻嘉言、周扬俊等人，对张仲景的《伤寒论》都有发明创造，而喻氏尤其能够阐发其中的精义，所以本集收录他的内容最多。
一、吴鹤皋的《医方考》，门类分为七十种，则嫌其过多；方剂共七百首，每种病症不过几首方子，则嫌其过少，像五积散、逍遥散等，都没有入选，不免有所缺漏。近日汪昂的《医方集解》，门类分为二十一种，正方三百余首，附方若干，已经足以穷尽医疗之法，其中如有未完备之处，学习者应当神妙地领悟并推展它，按比例类比而善于运用它，就可以了。
一、集中所分的门类，医学始于《灵枢》和《素问》，所以首先列出《内经》中的方剂。而人的生存，完全依赖气，所以先讲治气。血是用来配合气的，所以其次讲理血。今人气血亏损的很多，所以其次讲补养。而大虚之人要防止滑脱不禁，所以其次讲涩固。至于受到外邪致病，则有汗、吐、下三种方法，所以其次讲发表、涌吐、攻里。又有适合缓攻的情况，所以其次讲消导。如果病在半表半里，治法应当和解，所以其次讲和解。又有表证未除，里证又急迫的，应当表里同治，所以其次讲表里。而致病的原因，多起于六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火），所以其次讲风寒暑湿燥火。而病有因痰引起的，所以其次讲除痰。有因虫引起的，所以其次讲杀虫。至于妇人、小儿、痈疡、眼目等疾病，各有专科。本集为了便于使用，所以每科略取数首方剂，以备选择。又收录急救的方剂，以应对仓促紧急情况。
1. The ancients formulated prescriptions based on specific conditions; the modifications and additions of herbs within them carried profound significance. If one does not understand the etiology of the disease, nor the rationale behind why a specific prescription can cure it, but instead rigidly adheres to established formulas for treatment, few would avoid harming patients and misleading the world. This collection elucidates the relationship between clinical manifestations and prescription principles to facilitate practical application. Explaining every single prescription would be repetitive and tedious, potentially causing aversion. Therefore, the explanations vary in detail and brevity throughout the text; some clarify the intent behind formulating a prescription, while others propose methods for modification.
2. The human body is a microcosm of the universe. At the beginning of creation, when Qi transformation was dense and vigorous, humans generally received strong Qi. As time passed, Qi transformation gradually became thinner, and humans generally received weaker Qi. Historical records indicate that the lifespan of the Five Emperors exceeded one hundred years, whereas after the Three Kings, very few reached that age. Thus, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing prescribed dosages measured in *liang* (taels). From the Song and Yuan dynasties onward, physicians like Li Dongyuan and Zhu Danxi used dosages measured in *qian* (mace). Is this not evidence of their deep understanding of natural transformations and their ability to adapt to changing times? Since the Song and Yuan dynasties have long passed, human primordial Qi has become even more deficient. Consequently, clinical treatments today often focus on nourishment and support, carefully avoiding harsh purgatives or draining methods, favoring warming and tonifying approaches, and strictly cautioning against cold and cool herbs. This represents the adaptive evolution of therapeutic methods in contemporary practice. However, if one rigidly clings to established formulas, boasts of secret family recipes, ignores the consumption of dosage without regard for the root vitality, relies solely on ancient methods without assessing current circumstances, mild illnesses will become severe, and severe illnesses may lead to death. Those with a heart to save lives should remain vigilant and cautious.
3. Cheng Wuji’s commentary on Zhang Zhongjing’s prescriptions merely followed the text for exegesis. In recent times, scholars such as Fang Zhongxing, Yu Jiayan, and Zhou Yangjun have made significant contributions to the interpretation of Zhang Zhongjing’s *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders), with Yu Jiayan particularly excelling in elucidating its profound principles. Therefore, this collection incorporates his works extensively.
4. Wu Hegao’s *Yifang Kao* (Investigation of Medical Prescriptions) divides topics into seventy categories, which seems excessive; it contains seven hundred prescriptions, yet only a few per condition, which seems insufficient. Notable formulas such as Wujisan (Five Accumulations Powder) and Xiaoyao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder) were excluded, resulting in omissions. Recently, Wang Ang’s *Yifang Jijie* (Collected Explanations of Medical Prescriptions) organizes content into twenty-one categories, including over three hundred main prescriptions and numerous supplementary ones. This comprehensively covers medical methods. Should any gaps remain, students should strive to comprehend them profoundly and apply them flexibly through analogy and skillful usage.
5. The categorization in this collection begins with the *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot) and *Su Wen* (Basic Questions), hence the first section lists prescriptions from the *Neijing* (Inner Canon). Human life depends entirely on Qi; therefore, treating Qi is addressed first. Blood serves to complement Qi, so regulating Blood follows next. Given that many people today suffer from Qi and Blood deficiency, nourishing and tonifying are discussed subsequently. For cases of extreme deficiency where collapse must be prevented, astringent and consolidating methods are covered next. Regarding external pathogenic factors, sweating, vomiting, and purging are the three primary methods, so releasing the exterior, inducing vomiting, and purging the interior follow. For conditions requiring gentle resolution, resolving stagnation and guiding out accumulation are discussed. When pathogens reside at the half-exterior, half-interior level, harmonizing methods are appropriate. If exterior symptoms persist while interior symptoms are urgent, simultaneous treatment of both exterior and interior is required. Pathogenic causes often stem from the Six Evils (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire), so these are addressed next. Diseases caused by Phlegm are treated with methods to resolve Phlegm, and those caused by parasites are treated with vermifuge methods. Specialized fields exist for gynecology, pediatrics, sores and ulcers, and eye diseases. To facilitate practical use, this collection selects a few representative prescriptions from each specialty for reference. Emergency prescriptions are also included to address sudden crises.