（仲景） 治伤寒阳明病，不恶寒，反恶热，口渴便 ，谵语腹满，中焦燥实，
吐后腹胀满者。（邪在表，则身热汗出而恶寒。邪已入里，则表证罢，故不恶寒，身热
而反恶热也。汗多亡津，热又入里，故口渴，便 。无水以制火，内有燥屎，故妄见
谵语。吐后不解，腹胀满者，热入胃也。然满而痛，不宜急下，故少与调胃和之。）阳
不吐不下而心烦者。（吐后烦为内烦，下后烦为虚烦，不吐不下心烦者，胃有郁热也
渴证，中消，善食而溲。
大黄（酒浸） 芒硝（一两） 甘草（炙五钱） 少少温服。
大黄苦寒，除热荡实，芒硝咸寒，润燥软坚，二物下行甚速，故用甘草甘平以缓之，不
致伤
正阳
之分
本汤
其
酒
为
此仲景之妙法也。大承气统治三焦，小承气不犯下焦，调胃承气不犯上焦。）
加当归，姜枣煎，名当归承气汤。（河间）治里热火郁，或皮肤枯燥，或咽燥鼻干，或
便溺秘
胃也。）
亦非胃
营分已
肺，通
便闭
存真
脆薄
人，
牢固
粉，
实
奥
各
喜
感
欲热
欲热
证解
纯
来
及遇外感贼邪之难治易治，可治不可治，强半凭此。粗工不知，无论新久虚实，但见身热，
风药混表。一觉满闷，攻中破气杂投。不效，大黄枳朴继进，必求一便以毕其技能。岂虑热
得风而益炽，阴被劫而速亡，何其与先贤之意相反乎。）
（张仲景）治疗伤寒阳明病，症见不恶寒、反恶热、口渴、大便干结、谵语、腹部胀满，属于中焦燥实之证；或经催吐后仍感腹胀满者。（若邪气在表，则表现为身热、汗出且恶寒。若邪气已入里，则表证解除，故不恶寒，身热反而恶热。汗出过多导致津液耗伤，热邪又深入体内，因此口渴，大便干结。体内无水以制约火邪，内有燥屎阻滞，故出现幻觉妄言即谵语。催吐后症状未解，腹胀满者，是热邪入胃所致。然而若只是胀满而疼痛不明显，不宜急于攻下，故少量给予调胃承气汤以调和胃气。）若未经过催吐或攻下而出现心烦者。（催吐后的心烦属于内热烦躁，攻下后的心烦属于虚热烦躁，未经吐下而心烦者，是胃中有郁积的热邪。）口渴证，属中消范畴，表现为食欲旺盛但小便频多。
大黄（用酒浸泡）一两，芒硝一两，甘草（炙）五钱。少量多次温服。
大黄味苦性寒，能清除热邪、荡涤实滞；芒硝味咸性寒，能润燥软坚。这两味药下行速度很快，所以使用味甘性平的甘草来缓和药性，以免损伤正气。
关于本方剂的应用原则：阳证若无吐下而心烦……（此处原文有缺漏或排版错乱，依上下文推断为讨论辨证要点）。这是张仲景的巧妙之法。大承气汤通治上、中、下三焦，小承气汤不侵犯下焦，调胃承气汤不侵犯上焦。
加入当归，配合生姜、大枣煎煮，名为当归承气汤。（刘河间）用于治疗里热火郁，或者皮肤干枯粗糙，或者咽喉干燥、鼻孔干涩，或者大小便闭塞不通等症，病位主要在胃。
（此处原文片段较为破碎，涉及营分、肺、便秘、体质脆薄、牢固、粉实、奥秘、喜好、感受、欲热、证解、纯、来、以及遇到外感贼邪难治易治、可治不可治等情况，大半凭此判断。庸医不知晓这些道理，无论病情新久、虚实，只要见到身热，就混用风药发散解表。一觉得胀闷，就杂投攻中破气的药物。如果无效，继而又用大黄、枳实、厚朴，必定要求排出一次大便才肯罢休，以此炫耀其技能。哪里考虑到热邪得风药而更加炽盛，阴液被劫夺而迅速亡失？这与先贤的本意完全相反。）
(Zhang Zhongjing) Treats Yangming disease in Shanghan (Cold Damage), characterized by aversion to cold being absent, but a preference for coolness, thirst, dry stools, delirium, and abdominal fullness, indicating dryness and excess in the Middle Jiao; or abdominal fullness persisting after emesis. (When pathogenic factors are at the Exterior, symptoms include fever, sweating, and aversion to cold. When pathogenic factors have entered the Interior, Exterior signs cease, hence no aversion to cold; there is fever with a preference for coolness. Excessive sweating leads to loss of body fluids, and heat enters the Interior, causing thirst and dry stools. Without water to control fire, dry feces accumulate internally, leading to visual hallucinations and delirium. If symptoms do not resolve after emesis and abdominal fullness persists, it indicates heat entering the Stomach. However, if there is fullness without significant pain, urgent purgation is inappropriate; therefore, a small amount of Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach Order the Bowels Decoction) is given to harmonize the Stomach.) For cases of mental restlessness (Fan Xin) occurring without prior emesis or purgation: (Restlessness after emesis is internal heat restlessness; restlessness after purgation is deficiency heat restlessness; restlessness without emesis or purgation indicates stagnant heat in the Stomach.) Thirst syndrome, categorized as Middle Xiao (Middle Wasting-Thirst), characterized by excessive hunger and frequent urination.
Da Huang (Rhubarb Root and Rhizome, macerated in wine) 1 liang, Mang Xiao (Mirabilite) 1 liang, Gan Cao (Licorice Root, honey-fried) 5 qian. Take warm, in small amounts frequently.
Da Huang is bitter and cold, clearing heat and sweeping away excess accumulation; Mang Xiao is salty and cold, moistening dryness and softening hardness. These two herbs descend rapidly; therefore, Gan Cao, which is sweet and neutral, is used to moderate their action, preventing damage to healthy Qi.
Regarding the application principles of this formula: In Yang syndromes, if there is mental restlessness without emesis or purgation... (The original text contains fragmented sentences here). This is Zhang Zhongjing's ingenious method. Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Bowels Decoction) governs all three Jiaos; Xiaochengqi Tang (Minor Order the Bowels Decoction) does not invade the Lower Jiao; Tiaowei Chengqi Tang does not invade the Upper Jiao.
Adding Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root) and decocting with Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) and Da Zao (Jujube Fruit) yields Danggui Chengqi Tang (Angelica Order the Bowels Decoction). (Liu Hejian) treats interior heat and fire stagnation, or dry and rough skin, or dry throat and nose, or constipation and difficult urination, where the pathology lies primarily in the Stomach.
(The following text consists of fragmented phrases regarding Ying level, Lung, constipation, fragile constitution, firmness, powder-like solidity, mysteries, preferences, sensations, desire for heat, resolution of syndromes, purity, origin, and the difficulty or ease of treating external pathogenic thieves. Diagnosis relies heavily on these distinctions. Unskilled physicians fail to understand this; regardless of whether the condition is new or old, deficient or excess, upon seeing fever, they indiscriminately use Wind-dispelling herbs to attack the Exterior. Upon feeling fullness and oppression, they indiscriminately administer herbs that attack the Middle and deplete Qi. If ineffective, they follow up with Da Huang, Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange), and Hou Po (Magnolia Bark), insisting on achieving one bowel movement to demonstrate their skill. They fail to consider that heat becomes more intense when aided by Wind herbs, and Yin fluids are rapidly depleted by such coercion. How contrary this is to the intent of the sages!)