味辛，温、大热，无毒。主胸满咳逆上气，温中，止血，出汗，逐风湿痹，肠 下痢。
寒冷腹痛，中恶，霍乱，胀
满，风邪诸毒，皮肤间结气，止唾血。生者尤良。疗风下气，止血，宣诸络脉，微汗。久服
令眼暗。
生姜，味辛，微温。主伤寒头痛鼻塞，咳逆上气，止呕吐。久服去臭气，通神明。生犍
为川谷及荆州、扬州，九月采。
秦椒为之使，杀半夏、莨菪毒，恶黄芩、黄莲、天鼠粪。
干姜今惟出临海、章安，两三村解作之。蜀汉姜旧美，荆州有好姜，而并不能作干者。
凡作干姜法，水淹三日毕，去皮置流水中六日，更去皮，然后晒干，置瓮缸中，谓之酿也。
味辛、苦，温、微温、微寒，无毒。主妇人疝瘕，阴中寒肿痛，腹中急，除风头痛，长
肌
疗风邪 曳，金疮，可作沐药面脂。实主风流四肢。一名鬼卿，
山山谷。正月、二月采根，
曝干，三十日成。
恶 茹。俗中皆用芎 根须，其形气乃相类。而《桐君药录》说芎 苗似 木，论说花
实皆
东山别有 本，形气甚相似，惟长大尔。
〔谨案〕蒿本，茎、叶、根、味与芎 小别，以其
根上苗下似 根，故名 本。
今出宕州者，佳也。
味苦，温、微温，无毒。主中风伤寒头痛，温疟，发表出汗，去邪热气，止咳逆上气，
除寒热，破症坚积聚。五脏
邪气缓急，风胁痛，字乳余疾，止好唾，通腠理，疏伤寒头疼，解肌，泄邪恶气，消赤黑斑
毒。不可多服，令人虚。一
名卑相，一名龙沙，一名卑盐。生晋地及河东川谷。立秋采茎，阴干令青。
浓朴为之使，恶辛荑、石苇。 今出青州、彭城、荣阳、中牟者为胜，色青而多沫。蜀
中亦有，不好。用之折除节，
节止汗故也。先煮一两沸，去上沫，沫令人烦。其根亦止汗。夏月杂粉用之。俗用疗伤寒，
解肌第一。
〔谨案〕郑州、鹿台及关中沙苑河旁沙洲上太多，其青徐者，今不复用。同州沙苑最多
也。
【干姜】
味辛，性温、大热，无毒。主治胸中胀满、咳嗽气逆上冲，能温中焦，止血，发汗，驱逐风湿痹痛，治疗肠道下痢。
（生姜）用于寒冷引起的腹痛，中恶邪之气，霍乱，胀满，风邪及各类毒素，皮肤间的结聚之气，以及止唾血。生用效果更佳。治疗风邪所致的气逆下行，止血，宣通各条络脉，微发汗。长期服用会导致视力模糊。
生姜，味辛，性微温。主治伤寒引起的头痛、鼻塞，咳嗽气逆上冲，止呕吐。长期服用可去除口臭，通利神明。产于犍为川谷及荆州、扬州，九月采收。
秦椒为其使药，能杀半夏、莨菪的毒性，畏黄芩、黄连、天鼠粪。
现在的干姜只出产于临海、章安，只有两三个村子制作。蜀汉地区的姜过去很美，荆州也有好姜，但都不能制成干姜。
凡是制作干姜的方法，先用水浸泡三天完成，去皮后放在流动的水中六天，再次去皮，然后晒干，放入瓮缸中，这叫做“酿”。
【芎䓖（Xiongqiong）】
味辛、苦，性温、微温、微寒，无毒。主治妇女疝瘕积聚，阴部寒冷肿痛，腹部拘急，祛除风邪头痛，促进肌肉生长，治疗风邪牵引之症，金疮，可用作洗浴药或面脂。果实主治四肢风疾。又名鬼卿。
在山山谷中生长。正月、二月采收根部，曝晒干燥，三十天制成。
畏茹草。民间通常使用芎䓖的根须，其形状和气味非常相似。而《桐君药录》记载芎䓖的苗像柞木，论述说花和果实都……（原文此处有缺漏/错简，依文意推测为描述形态）。东山另外有一种本草药材，形状和气味非常相似，只是体积较大。
〔谨案〕蒿本，茎、叶、根、味道与芎䓖略有不同，因为其根上的苗下部像芎䓖的根，所以名叫蒿本。
现在出产于宕州的，品质最佳。
【麻黄】
味苦，性温、微温，无毒。主治中风伤寒引起的头痛，温疟，发表发汗，祛除邪热，止咳逆上气，祛除寒热，破除癥坚积聚。缓解五脏邪气引起的缓急症状，风胁痛，产后余疾，止多唾，疏通腠理，疏解伤寒头疼，解肌，泄除邪恶之气，消除赤黑斑毒。不可多服，令人虚弱。
一名卑相，一名龙沙，一名卑盐。产于晋地及河东川谷。立秋采收茎，阴干使其保持青色。
浓朴为其使药，畏辛荑、石苇。
现在出产于青州、彭城、荣阳、中牟的质量最好，颜色青且多泡沫。蜀中也有，但不好。使用时折断除去节，因为节会止汗。先煮一两沸，去掉上面的沫，沫会让人烦躁。它的根也能止汗。夏季混合粉末使用。民间用来治疗伤寒，是解肌的第一要药。
〔谨案〕郑州、鹿台以及关中沙苑河旁的沙洲上太多，青徐地区产的，现在不再使用。同州沙苑最多。
[Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger)]
Pungent in taste, warm and extremely hot in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats chest fullness, cough with rebellious qi ascending, warms the middle jiao, stops bleeding, induces sweating, expels wind-damp bi syndrome, and treats intestinal dysentery.
[Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger)] is used for abdominal pain caused by cold, sudden attack of evil qi, cholera-like disorder, distension and fullness, various toxins from wind pathogen, qi knotting in the skin, and stopping spitting blood. The fresh form is particularly effective. It treats wind-induced downward movement of qi, stops bleeding, unblocks all collateral vessels, and induces slight sweating. Long-term consumption leads to dim vision.
Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), pungent in taste, slightly warm in nature. Primarily treats headache and nasal congestion due to Shanghan (Cold Damage), cough with rebellious qi ascending, and stops vomiting. Long-term consumption removes foul odor and clarifies the spirit. Grows in Jianwei Chuan Valley, Jingzhou, and Yangzhou; harvested in the ninth lunar month.
Qinjiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) acts as its guiding herb; it neutralizes the toxicity of Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) and Langdang (Datura Seed); it is incompatible with Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), and Tianshu Fen (Sky Rat Droppings).
Currently, Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) is only produced in Linhai and Zhang'an, where only two or three villages manufacture it. Ginger from Shu and Han was historically excellent, and Jingzhou has good ginger, but neither can be processed into dried ginger.
The method for making Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger): soak in water for three days, remove the skin, place in flowing water for six days, remove the skin again, then sun-dry, and store in earthenware jars; this process is called "niang" (fermentation/marinating).
[Xiongqiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong)]
Pungent and bitter in taste, warm, slightly warm, and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats hernia and mass accumulation in women, cold and painful swelling in the yin region, abdominal urgency, dispels wind-induced headache, promotes muscle growth, treats wind-pathogen traction syndromes, traumatic injuries (Jinchuang), and can be used as a wash medicine or facial cream. The fruit primarily treats wind disorders in the four limbs. Also known as Guiqing.
Grows in mountain valleys. Roots are harvested in the first and second lunar months, sun-dried, and processed over thirty days.
Incompatible with Ru grass. In common practice, the rootlets of Xiongqiong are often used, which are similar in shape and qi/flavor. However, *Tongjun Yaolu* states that the sprout of Xiongqiong resembles Zuo wood, and discusses that the flowers and fruits... [Text fragment missing]. There is another herb named Bencao from Dongshan, very similar in shape and qi/flavor, only larger.
[Note] Haoben (Notopterygium Root), in terms of stem, leaf, root, and taste, differs slightly from Xiongqiong. Because the sprout above the root resembles the root of Xiongqiong, it is named Haoben.
Those produced in Dangzhou are of superior quality.
[Mahuang (Ephedra)]
Bitter in taste, warm and slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats headache due to Zhongfeng (Wind Strike) and Shanghan (Cold Damage), Wen Nue (Warm Malaria), releases the exterior and induces sweating, eliminates pathogenic heat, stops cough with rebellious qi ascending, dispels cold and heat, breaks up masses and hard accumulations. Relieves urgency caused by pathogenic qi in the five zang organs, wind-related hypochondriac pain, postpartum residual diseases, stops excessive salivation, unblocks couli (pores/skin texture), relieves Shanghan headache, resolves the muscle layer, drains evil qi, and eliminates red-black spot toxins. Do not take in excess, as it causes deficiency.
Also known as Beixiang, Longsha, and Beiyan. Grows in Jin territory and Hedong Chuan Valley. Stems are harvested at Liqiu (Start of Autumn) and dried in shade until green.
Noupu (Magnolia Bark) acts as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Xinyi (Magnolia Flower) and Shiwei (Pyrrosia Leaf).
Those produced in Qingzhou, Pengcheng, Rongyang, and Zhongmu are superior, characterized by a green color and abundant foam. Those from Shu are inferior. When used, break and remove the nodes, because the nodes stop sweating. Boil for one or two minutes, remove the foam on top, as the foam causes irritability. Its roots also stop sweating. Mixed with powder for use in summer. Commonly used to treat Shanghan (Cold Damage); it is the primary herb for resolving the muscle layer.
[Note] There is an abundance in Zhengzhou, Lutai, and the sandbars along the river in Shawan, Guanzhong. Those from Qing and Xu regions are no longer used. The most abundant quantity is found in Tongzhou Shawan.