味苦、甘，寒，无毒。主风虚热气。一名余甘。生岭南交、广、爱等州。
树叶细，似合欢，花黄，子似李、柰，青黄色，核圆作六、七棱，其中仁亦入药用。（新
附）
味苦，寒，无毒。功用与 摩勒同。出西域及岭南交、爱等州，戎人谓之三果。
树似胡桃，子形亦似胡桃，核似诃梨勒而圆短无棱，用之亦同法。（新附）
味苦，平，有毒。主蛊毒，鬼疰，鬼魅，邪气在脏中，除咳逆寒热。一名陵泉，一名大
就。生蜀郡山谷。三月采根，
阴干。
鸢尾为之使，恶茯苓、防己。似防己。亦作车辐理解。《蜀都赋》所云∶青珠黄环者，
或云是大戟花，定非也。俗用
甚希，市人鲜有识者。
〔谨案〕此物，襄阳巴西人谓之就葛，作藤生。根亦葛类。所云似防
己，作车辐理解者，近之。人
取葛根，误得食之，吐利不止，用土浆解乃瘥，此真黄环也。余处亦希，唯襄阳大有。《本
经》用根，今云大戟花，非也。
其子作角，生似皂荚，花实与葛同时矣。今园庭种之。大者茎径六七寸，所在有之。谓其子
名野狼跋子。今太常科剑南来
者，乃鸡屎葛根，非也。
味辛、苦，平，有毒。主养肾气，内伤阴衰，利筋骨皮毛。疗脚弱，五脏邪气，除热。
女子不可久服，令思男。实，
杀蛊毒，破积聚，逐风痹。一名鬼目。生华阴山谷。二月、四月采叶，八月采实，阴干。
五加为之使。今庐江及东间皆有，叶状如枇杷叶，方用亦希。
〔谨案〕此草叶似 草，
凌冬不凋，以叶细者为良。关
中者好，为疗风邪丸散之要。其江山以南者，长大如枇杷叶，无气味，殊不任用，今医家不
复用实也。
【摩勒】
味道苦、甘，性寒，无毒。主治风虚引起的热气。别名余甘。生长在岭南的交州、广州、爱州等地。
树叶细小，类似合欢树，花为黄色，果实像李子、柰子，呈青黄色，果核圆形且有六、七个棱，其中的仁也可以入药。（新附录）
【石南草（第一种，即诃梨勒/阿魏果类）】
味道苦，性寒，无毒。功效与摩勒相同。出产于西域以及岭南的交州、爱州等地，戎族人称之为“三果”。
树木类似胡桃树，果实形状也类似胡桃，果核类似诃梨勒但更圆短且没有棱，使用方法也与摩勒相同。（新附录）
【黄环（第二种，实为大戟科植物）】
味道苦，性平，有毒。主治蛊毒、鬼疰（一种慢性消耗性传染病）、鬼魅邪气在脏腑中，能消除咳逆和寒热症状。别名陵泉，别名大就。生长在蜀郡的山谷中。三月采集根部，阴干。
鸢尾是其引经药（使药），忌与茯苓、防己同用。外形类似防己，可以理解为像车辐条一样的形态。《蜀都赋》中所说的“青珠黄环”，有人说这是大戟的花，但这肯定不对。民间使用很少，市场上很少有人认识它。
【考证】这种植物，襄阳和巴西地区的人称为“就葛”，它是藤本植物。根部也属于葛类。所说的“外形类似防己，可理解为像车辐条”的说法，比较接近事实。人们采集葛根时，误食了它，导致呕吐腹泻不止，服用土浆解毒后才痊愈，这才是真正的黄环。其他地方也很稀少，只有襄阳大量存在。《神农本草经》中使用的是根部，现在有人说它是大戟的花，这是错误的。
它的果实呈角状，生长时像皂荚，开花结果的时间与葛相同。现在庭院中也有种植。大的茎径有六七寸，各地都有。称其果实名为“野狼跋子”。现在太常寺从剑南地区进贡的，其实是鸡屎葛的根，不是真正的黄环。
【石南草（第三种，即南天竹或类似植物）】
味道辛、苦，性平，有毒。主治滋养肾气，治疗内伤导致的阴气衰弱，通利筋骨皮毛。治疗脚弱无力，清除五脏邪气，去除热邪。
女子不可长期服用，否则会产生思念男性的欲望。对于实证，能杀灭蛊毒，破除积聚，驱逐风痹。别名鬼目。生长在华山一带的山谷中。二月、四月采集叶子，八月采集果实，阴干。
五加皮是其引经药（使药）。现在庐江及东间地区都有，叶片形状像枇杷叶，临床使用也较少。
【考证】这种草的叶子类似某种草（原文此处可能有缺字或指代不明，通常指南天竹或卫矛科植物），过冬不凋谢，以叶片细小的为佳。关中地区的品质较好，是治疗风邪丸散的重要药材。江南地区的植株高大，叶子像枇杷叶，没有气味，完全无法使用，现在的医生不再使用其果实。
[Mole]
Taste: bitter, sweet. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: primarily treats heat qi caused by wind deficiency. Alternative name: Yugan (Phyllanthus emblica). Habitat: grows in Jiaozhou, Guangzhou, Aizhou, and other regions of Lingnan.
Leaves are fine, resembling those of Albizia julibrissin (Hehuan). Flowers are yellow. Fruits resemble plums or nashi pears, greenish-yellow in color. The seeds are round with six or seven ridges; the kernels inside can also be used medicinally. (Newly added)
[Shinan Cao - Variant 1]
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Efficacy: same as Mole. Origin: Western Regions, and Jiaozhou, Aizhou, etc., in Lingnan. People of Rong call it "San Guo" (Three Fruits).
The tree resembles Juglans regia (Walnut). The fruit shape is also similar to walnut. The nut resembles Terminalia chebula (Helilele) but is rounder, shorter, and lacks ridges. It is used in the same manner. (Newly added)
[Huanghuan]
Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: primarily treats gu poison (parasitic disease), guizhu (chronic infectious wasting disease), demonic influences, and evil qi within the zang-fu organs; eliminates cough with upward reversal and alternating chills and fever. Alternative names: Lingquan, Da Jiu. Habitat: grows in the valleys of Shujun. Harvest time: roots collected in March, dried in shade.
Interactions: Iris tectorum (Yuwei) acts as an guiding herb (shi); incompatible with Poria cocos (Fuling) and Stephania tetrandra (Fangji). Morphology: resembles Fangji; the root structure can be understood as radiating like spokes of a chariot wheel. The "Qingzhu Huanghuan" mentioned in the *Shudu Fu* is sometimes claimed to be the flower of Euphorbia lathyris (Daji), but this is definitely incorrect. Usage is rare among the common people; few merchants recognize it.
[Verification]: In Xiangyang and Baxi, this plant is called "Jue Ge" and grows as a vine. Its root belongs to the Polygonum multiflorum (Ge Gen) category. The description that it resembles Fangji and has a chariot-wheel-like root structure is close to the truth. If people harvesting Ge Gen mistakenly consume it, they suffer from incessant vomiting and diarrhea, which only subsides after taking mud slurry as an antidote; this is the true Huanghuan. It is scarce elsewhere but abundant in Xiangyang. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* uses the root; the claim that it is the flower of Daji is incorrect.
Its fruits are pod-like, resembling Sophora japonica pods (Zaojiao) when growing. Flowering and fruiting occur simultaneously with Ge Gen. It is now cultivated in gardens. Stems can reach 6-7 cun in diameter. It is found everywhere. The fruit is called "Yelang Ba Zi". Currently, the specimens submitted to the Taichang Temple from Jiannan are actually the roots of Paederia scandens (Jishi Ge), not the true Huanghuan.
[Shinan Cao - Variant 2]
Taste: pungent, bitter. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: nourishes kidney qi, treats internal injury leading to yin deficiency, promotes free flow in sinews, bones, skin, and hair. Treats weakness of the legs, evil qi in the five zang organs, and clears heat.
Contraindications: Women should not take it for long periods, as it may induce sexual desire for men. For excess patterns, it kills gu poison, breaks accumulations, and expels wind-bi. Alternative name: Gui Mu. Habitat: grows in the valleys of Huayin. Harvest time: leaves collected in February and April, fruits in August, dried in shade.
Interactions: Eucommia ulmoides (Wujia) acts as an guiding herb (shi). Distribution: found in Lujiang and Dongjian. Leaves resemble those of Eriobotrya japonica (Pipa Ye). Clinical usage is rare.
[Verification]: The leaves of this herb resemble [missing character/context], remaining evergreen through winter. Fine-leaved varieties are preferred. Those from Guanzhong are of good quality and are essential ingredients in pills and powders for treating wind-pathogens. Varieties south of the rivers and mountains grow large with leaves resembling Pipa Ye, lack aroma, and are useless; modern physicians no longer use their fruits.