味苦，平，无毒。主五脏邪气，寒湿痹，四肢疼酸，膝冷痛，疗百病，益气。吴名白功
草，楚名王孙，齐名长孙，
一名黄孙，一名黄昏，一名海孙，一名蔓延。生海西川谷及汝南城郭垣下。
今方家皆呼名黄昏，又云牡蒙，市人亦少识者。
〔谨案〕《短剧》述本草牡蒙，一名
王孙。《药对》有牡蒙，无王
孙。此则一物明矣。又主金疮破血，生肌肉，止痛，赤白痢，补虚益气，除脚肿，发阴阳也。
味咸，寒，无毒。主腰脊痛，不得着床，俯仰艰难，除热，可作浴汤。生汉中川谷及田
野
〔谨案〕此草似香 ，叶
长而大，或如荏且细，生平泽熟田近道旁，甚疗血胀，下气，又主杖疮，汁涂立瘥，俗名赤
眼老母草。
味甘，微温，无毒。主胸胁逆气，咳嗽上气。
此药出近道，似细辛而大，色白易折。主气嗽方多用之。
〔谨案〕此药叶似柳，或似芫
花
上。根白，长于细辛，味甘，俗以酒渍服，主上气。不生近道，
俗名石蓝，又名嗽药。今用蔓生者味苦，非真也。
微温，有小毒。主咳嗽上气。
山野处处有。根数十相连，似天门冬而苦强，亦有小毒。火炙酒渍饮之。疗咳嗽，亦主
去虱。煮作汤，洗牛犬虱即
去。《博物志》云∶九真有一种草似百部，但长大尔。悬火上令干
汁，勿令人知，疗暴嗽甚良，
名为嗽药。疑此是百部，恐其土肥润处，是以长大尔。
味苦，性平，无毒。主治五脏邪气，寒湿痹证，四肢疼痛酸楚，膝部冷痛，治疗各种疾病，补益元气。在吴地称为白功草，在楚地称为王孙，在齐地称为长孙，又有一个名字叫黄孙，还有一个名字叫黄昏，也叫海孙，还叫蔓延。生长在河西川谷以及汝南城的城墙下。现在的方士都称呼它为黄昏，又说它是牡蒙，市场上的人也很少认识它。
【考证】《短剧》中记载的本草牡蒙，有一个名字叫王孙。《药对》中有牡蒙，但没有王孙。这明显是同一物。此外，还能治疗金疮破血，生肌，止痛，赤白痢疾，补虚益气，消除脚肿，调和阴阳。
味咸，性寒，无毒。主治腰脊疼痛，不能卧床，俯仰困难，清热，可以煮成浴汤使用。生长在汉中川谷及田野中。
【考证】这种草类似香薷，叶子长而大，有的像荏（苏子）且细小，生长于平原沼泽、熟田靠近路边处，非常擅长治疗血胀，降气，还能主治杖疮，用汁液涂抹立即痊愈，俗名叫赤眼老母草。
味甘，性微温，无毒。主治胸胁逆气，咳嗽气逆。此药出产于靠近道路的地方，形状类似细辛但较大，颜色白容易折断。治疗气嗽的方剂中多用此药。
【考证】此药的叶子像柳树，有的像芫花上面部分。根白色，比细辛长，味道甘，民间用酒浸泡服用，主治上气。不生长在靠近道路的地方，俗名叫石蓝，又名嗽药。现在使用的是蔓生的那种，味道苦，不是真正的药材。
性微温，有小毒。主治咳嗽气逆。山野到处都有。根部数十个相连，类似天门冬但苦味更重，也有小毒。用火烤后酒浸泡饮用。治疗咳嗽，也能主治去除虱子。煮成汤，洗牛犬身上的虱子即可去除。《博物志》说：九真有一种草类似百部，只是长得大一些罢了。悬挂在火上使其干燥取汁，不要让人知道，治疗突发咳嗽效果很好，名叫嗽药。怀疑这就是百部，恐怕是因为土壤肥沃湿润，所以长得比较大罢了。
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats pathogenic factors of the five zang organs (Five Zang Organs), bi-syndrome caused by cold-dampness, pain and soreness of the four limbs, cold pain in the knees, cures various diseases, and tonifies qi (Vital Energy). In the Wu region, it is called Baigong Cao (White Merit Grass); in the Chu region, it is called Wangsun (Royal Grandson); in the Qi region, it is called Changsun (Long Grandson). It is also known as Huangsun (Yellow Grandson), Hunhun (Twilight), Haision (Sea Grandson), and Manyan (Spreading Vine). It grows in the valleys of Hexi and beneath the city walls of Runan. Currently, practitioners all call it Hunhun, and also refer to it as Mumeng (Male Monkey), though few people in the market recognize it.
[Verification] The *Duanju* text states that Mumeng in materia medica has an alias Wangsun. The *Yaodui* mentions Mumeng but not Wangsun. This clearly indicates they are the same substance. Furthermore, it treats traumatic injuries with bleeding, promotes tissue regeneration, alleviates pain, treats dysentery with red or white discharge, tonifies deficiency and qi, eliminates pedal edema, and harmonizes yin and yang.
Salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats lower back and spinal pain, inability to lie flat, difficulty in bending and stretching, clears heat, and can be used as a bath decoction. It grows in the valleys of Hanzhong and in fields.
[Verification] This herb resembles Xiangru (Elsholtzia Herb), with long and large leaves, or sometimes like Ren (Perilla Seed) but finer. It grows in plains, marshes, cultivated fields near roadsides. It is highly effective for treating blood distension, directing qi downward, and primarily treats whip marks/wounds; applying its juice leads to immediate healing. Its common name is Chiyan Laomu Cao (Red-Eyed Old Mother Grass).
Sweet in flavor, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats rebellious qi in the chest and hypochondrium, coughing with upward rushing qi. This drug is found near roadsides, resembling Xixin (Asarum Root) but larger, white in color and brittle. It is frequently used in formulas for treating qi-type coughs.
[Verification] The leaves of this herb resemble willow leaves, or parts of Yuanhua (Kadsura Flower). The root is white, longer than Xixin, sweet in taste, and commonly soaked in wine for consumption to treat upward rushing qi. It does not grow near roadsides. Its common name is Shilan (Stone Indigo), also known as Souyao (Cough Medicine). Currently, the creeping variety is used, which tastes bitter, and is not the authentic drug.
Slightly warm in nature, slightly toxic. Primarily treats coughing with upward rushing qi. It is found everywhere in mountains and wilds. The roots consist of dozens connected together, resembling Tiandong (Asparagus Tuber) but with a stronger bitter taste, and also possesses slight toxicity. It is roasted over fire, soaked in wine, and drunk. It treats coughs and also removes lice. Boiled into a decoction, washing cattle and dogs with it removes lice. The *Bowuzhi* states: In Jiuzhen, there is a grass similar to Bubu (Stemona Root), only larger. Hanging it over fire to dry and extracting the juice, without letting others know, is very effective for treating sudden coughs, named Souyao. I suspect this is indeed Bubu, perhaps because the soil is fertile and moist, causing it to grow larger.