味苦、咸，平、大寒，无毒。主暴中风，身热肢满，忽忽不知人，狂惑邪气，寒热酸疼，
温
伤中淋露，下水气，利阴气，益精。一名白幕，一名薇草，一名春草，一名骨美。久服利人。
生平原川谷。三月三日采
根，阴干。
恶黄 、大黄、大戟、干姜、干漆、山茱萸、大枣。 近道处处有。根状似牛膝而短小
尔。方家用，多疗惊邪、风
狂、疰病。
味苦、甘，温。叶，味苦、辛，微寒，有小毒。主风头寒痛，风湿周痹，四肢拘挛痛，
去恶肉死肌，膝痛，溪毒。
久服益气，耳目聪明，强志轻身。一名胡 ，一名地葵，一名 ，一
六安田野，实熟时采。
此是常思菜，伧人皆食之。以叶覆麦作黄衣者，一名羊负来。昔中国无此，言从外国逐
羊毛中来，方用亦甚稀。
〔谨
案〕苍耳，三月以后、七月以前刈，晒干为散。夏，水服；冬，酒服，主大风癫痫，头风湿
痹，毒在骨髓。日二服，丸
服二十、三十丸；散服一、二匕。服
后乃皮落，肌如凝脂，令人
省睡，除诸毒螫，杀疳湿KT 。久服益气，耳目聪明，轻身强志，主腰膝中风毒优良。忌
食猪肉米泔，
亦主 狗毒。
味甘，寒，无毒。主劳伤虚羸，补中益气，除瘀血，血闭，寒热，利小便，下五淋，除
客热在肠胃，止渴，坚筋，
妇人崩中。久服利人。其苗主下水。一名兰根，一名茹根，一名地菅，一名地筋，一名兼杜。
生楚地山谷田野，六月采
根。
此即今白茅菅。《诗》云∶露彼菅茅。其根如渣芹甜美。服食此断谷甚良。俗方稀用，
惟疗淋及崩中尔。
〔谨案〕
菅花，味甘，温，无毒。主衄血、吐血、灸疮。
【白薇】
味苦、咸，性平、大寒，无毒。主治突然发作的中风，身体发热、四肢胀满，神情恍惚、不省人事，以及因狂惑邪气引起的病症，还有寒热交替、酸痛疼痛等症状；能通利下焦水气，疏通阴部气机，补益精气。又名白幕，又名薇草，又名春草，又名骨美。长期服用对人体有益。生长在平原川谷地带。三月三日采集根部，阴干保存。
忌与黄芩、大黄、大戟、干姜、干漆、山茱萸、大枣同用。附近各地都有生长。根部形状像牛膝但短小一些。医家使用它，多用于治疗惊邪、风狂、注病（一种由外邪侵入人体引起的慢性传染病）。
【耳实】
味苦、甘，性温。叶子，味苦、辛，微寒，有小毒。主治头部受风寒引起的头痛，风湿引起的周身痹痛，四肢拘挛疼痛；能去除恶肉死肌，治疗膝痛，溪毒（山间湿毒）。长期服用能益气，使耳目聪明，意志坚定，身体轻便。又名胡枲，又名地葵，又名[缺字]，一名[缺字]。在六安田野，果实成熟时采集。
这是常思菜，北方人（伧人）都食用它。用叶子覆盖麦子发酵制成黄衣的，又名羊负来。过去中国没有这种植物，据说随外国羊毛传入而来，医家使用也很稀少。
〔谨案〕苍耳，三月以后、七月以前刈割，晒干研成散剂。夏季用水送服；冬季用酒送服，主治大风癫痫，头面风湿痹痛，毒素深入骨髓。每日两次服用，丸药每次二十至三十丸；散剂每次一、二匕（bǐ，古代量词，指匙或类似勺子的器具所盛之物）。服药后皮肤会脱落，肌肤如凝脂般光滑，使人嗜睡，清除各种毒虫叮咬之毒，杀灭疳积湿气。长期服用能益气，使耳目聪明，身体轻便，意志坚定，主治腰膝中风毒及优良疗效。忌食猪肉、米泔水，也能治疗狗咬伤之毒。
【茅根】
味甘，性寒，无毒。主治劳伤导致的虚弱消瘦，补中益气，去除瘀血，治疗血闭、寒热，通利小便，消除五种淋证（尿急、尿频、尿痛等），清除肠胃间的客热，止渴，坚固筋骨，治疗妇人崩中（非经期大量出血）。长期服用对人体有益。其苗主治通利下水。又名兰根，又名茹根，又名地菅，又名地筋，又名兼杜。生长在楚地山谷田野，六月采集根部。
这就是现在的白茅菅。《诗经》说：“露彼菅茅。”它的根像渣芹一样甜美。服用此物断绝五谷（辟谷）效果很好。民间方剂很少使用，只用来治疗淋证和崩中罢了。
[Baiwei (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix)]
Bitter and salty in flavor, neutral and extremely cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats sudden onset of wind-stroke, fever with limb distension, mental confusion with loss of consciousness, mania and delirium caused by evil qi, alternating chills and fever, and soreness and pain. It promotes the downward movement of water qi, benefits yin qi, and nourishes essence. Also known as Baimu, Weicao, Chuncuo, or Gumei. Long-term consumption is beneficial to the body. It grows in plains and river valleys. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
It is incompatible with Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Ganqi (Lacca Resina), Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus). It is found everywhere in nearby regions. The root resembles Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) but is shorter and smaller. Physicians often use it to treat jingxie (startling evil), fengkuang (wind-induced madness), and zhu disease (a type of chronic infectious disease caused by external pathogens).
[Ersshi (Xanthii Fructus)]
Bitter and sweet in flavor, warm in nature. The leaves are bitter and acrid, slightly cold, and slightly toxic. It primarily treats headache caused by wind-cold affecting the head, bi-syndrome (painful obstruction) throughout the body due to wind-dampness, spasm and pain of the four limbs; it removes foul flesh and dead muscle, treats knee pain, and xi du (mountain damp-toxin). Long-term consumption tonifies qi, clarifies the ears and eyes, strengthens the will, and lightens the body. Also known as Huxi, Di Kui, [missing character], and [missing character]. It is harvested when the fruits ripen in the fields of Lu'an.
This is Changsi Cai (a type of edible plant), consumed by people from the north (Cangren). When covered with leaves to ferment wheat into yellow cloth, it is also known as Yang Fulai. Previously, this plant did not exist in China; it is said to have been introduced along with foreign wool. Its use in medical prescriptions is quite rare.
[Note by Jin'an] Xanthii Fructus (Cang'erzi) should be cut after March and before July, dried, and ground into powder. In summer, take with water; in winter, take with wine. It primarily treats severe wind-epilepsy, wind-damp bi-syndrome of the head, and toxins deep in the bone marrow. Take twice daily: 20–30 pills per dose, or one to two bi (spoonfuls) of powder. After taking the medicine, the skin may peel off, leaving the skin smooth like congealed fat, causing drowsiness, eliminating various insect stings and toxins, and killing gan-shi (parasitic dampness). Long-term consumption tonifies qi, clarifies the ears and eyes, lightens the body, strengthens the will, and effectively treats wind-toxels in the waist and knees. Avoid eating pork and rice wash water. It can also treat dog bite toxicity.
[Maogen (Imperatae Rhizoma)]
Sweet in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats emaciation due to labor injury, tonifies the middle jiao and benefits qi, removes blood stasis, treats blood closure, alternating chills and fever, promotes urination, eliminates five types of lin syndrome (dysuria), clears residual heat in the stomach and intestines, relieves thirst, strengthens tendons and bones, and treats ben zhong (metrorrhagia/heavy uterine bleeding) in women. Long-term consumption is beneficial. The young shoots primarily promote the downward movement of water. Also known as Langen, Rugen, Dijian, Dijin, or Jiandu. It grows in the mountains, valleys, and fields of Chu region. The roots are harvested in June.
This is the current Bai Mao Jian (White Cogon Grass). The Book of Songs says: "Dew on the cogon grass." Its root is sweet like Zhaqin (a type of vegetable). Consuming this for grain-abstention (Bigu) is very effective. Folk prescriptions rarely use it, mainly treating lin syndrome and ben zhong.
[Note by Jin'an]
Jianhua (Flower of Imperata cylindrica) is sweet in flavor, warm in nature, and non-toxic. It primarily treats epistaxis (nosebleed), hematemesis (vomiting blood), and moxa sores (sores resulting from moxibustion).