味苦，寒，无毒。主心腹结气，症瘕，积聚，黄胆，溺有余沥，逐水，除痈肿，补中，
明目，止泪。养肝胆气，安
五脏，定志，益精，利九窍，除伏热，肠 ，止渴，醒酒，小便黄赤，疗恶疮，下部KT
疮，平胃气，令人嗜食轻身。
一名水槐，一名苦识，一名地槐，一名菟槐，一名骄槐，一名白茎，一名虎麻，一名岑茎，
一名禄白，一名陵郎。生汝
南山谷及田野。三月、八月、十月采根，曝干。
玄参为之使，恶贝母、漏芦、菟丝，反藜芦。 今出近道，处处有。叶极似槐树，故有
槐名。花黄，子作荚。根味
至苦恶。病患酒渍饮之，多差。患疥者，一两服，亦除，盖能杀虫。
〔谨案〕苦参疗胫酸，
恶虫。以十月收其实，饵
如槐子法，久服轻身不老，明目有验。
味苦，平，无毒。主风寒湿痹，心腹邪气，利关节，止烦满。平肾胃气，补阴气不足，
失精，茎冷。久服轻身、明
目、
不老，令人皮肤光泽，有子。一名鲁果能，一名地椹，一名石熊，一
太山川泽石旁。五月五日采
子，二月、八月采皮，阴干。
大戟为之使，畏蛇蜕、吴茱萸。 今出近道，子形粗，似蛇床子而扁，非真好者，人言
是蓄菜子尔。东山石上所生，
其叶芮芮短小，其子状如葶苈，黄色而味小辛，此乃实是也。
〔谨案〕今用者，俗名水堇。苗似附子，实如桑椹，故名地椹。生下湿地，五月熟，叶、
子皆味辛。山南者粒大如葵子。关
中、河北者细如葶苈，气力劣于山南者。陶以细者为真，未为通论。又《别录》水堇云∶主
毒肿、痈疖疮、蛔虫、齿龋。
【苦参】
味苦，性寒，无毒。主治心腹部的结滞之气、症瘕（腹内结块）、积聚（腹内包块）、黄疸、小便淋漓不尽，能驱逐水湿，消除痈肿，补益中气，明亮双目，止住泪水。滋养肝胆之气，安定五脏，使意志坚定，增益精气，通利九窍，清除潜伏的热邪，治疗肠澼（痢疾或泄泻），止渴，解酒毒，改善小便黄赤，治疗恶疮及下部阴部疮疡，调和胃气，使人食欲增加，身体轻便。
又名水槐，又名苦识，又名地槐，又名菟槐，又名骄槐，又名白茎，又名虎麻，又名岑茎，又名禄白，又名陵郎。产于汝南山谷及田野之中。三月、八月、十月采集根部，晒干。
玄参作为其引经药（使药），忌与贝母、漏芦、菟丝子同用，与藜芦相反。现在近处道路沿线各地都有出产。叶子极像槐树，所以有“槐”的名称。花黄色，果实呈荚状。根部味道极其苦涩难闻。病人用酒浸泡后饮用，大多能痊愈。患疥疮的人，服用一两，也能去除，大概是因为它能杀虫。
〔谨案〕苦参治疗小腿酸痛，驱除恶虫。在十月采收其果实，按照食用槐子的方法服用，长期服用可身体轻便、延缓衰老，明目效果显著。
【石龙芮】
味苦，性平，无毒。主治风寒湿痹阻，心腹部的邪气，通利关节，止烦闷胀满。平调肾胃之气，补益阴气不足，治疗遗精、阴茎寒冷。长期服用可身体轻便、明目、延缓衰老，使皮肤光泽，有助于生育。
又名鲁果能，又名地椹，又名石熊。产于太山川泽石头旁边。五月五日采集种子，二月、八月采集树皮，阴干。
大戟作为其引经药（使药），畏蛇蜕和吴茱萸。现在近处道路沿线出产的，种子形状粗糙，像蛇床子但较扁，并非真正优质的，人们说是蓄菜子罢了。东山岩石上生长的，叶子短小柔弱，种子形状像葶苈，黄色且味道微辛，这才是真正的石龙芮。
〔谨案〕现在使用的，俗名叫水堇。苗叶像附子，果实像桑椹，所以叫地椹。生长在低湿之地，五月成熟，叶子和果实都味辛。山南地区的颗粒大如葵子。关中、河北地区的细小如葶苈，药效不如山南地区的。陶弘景认为细小的才是真品，这并非通达的议论。另外《别录》记载水堇主治：毒肿、痈疖疮、蛔虫、龋齿。
[Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix)]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats stagnation of qi in the heart and abdomen, zheng jia (abdominal masses), ji ju (accumulations), jaundice, and dribbling urine; expels water retention, eliminates carbuncles and swellings, tonifies the middle jiao, brightens the eyes, and stops tearing. Nourishes the qi of the liver and gallbladder, calms the five zang organs, stabilizes the mind, benefits essence, unblocks the nine orifices, clears latent heat, treats chang pi (dysentery or diarrhea), relieves thirst, resolves alcohol intoxication, addresses yellow-red urine, cures malignant sores and ulcers in the lower jiao (genital area), harmonizes stomach qi, increases appetite, and makes the body feel light.
Also known as Shuihuai (Water Locust), Kushi, Dihuai, Tuhuai, Jiaohuai, Baijing, Huma, Cenjing, Lubai, and Linglang. Grows in valleys and fields south of Ru Mountain. The roots are harvested in the third, eighth, and tenth lunar months and dried in the sun.
Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix) serves as its shi herb (guide drug). It is incompatible with Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Loulu (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix), and Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen), and opposes Lili (Veratri Radix). Currently, it is found everywhere along nearby roads. Its leaves closely resemble those of the locust tree, hence the name "Huai" (Locust). The flowers are yellow, and the fruits are pods. The root has an extremely bitter and unpleasant taste. Patients who soak it in wine and drink it often recover. Those suffering from scabies can take one liang, which also eliminates the condition, likely due to its ability to kill parasites.
[Note] Kushen treats soreness in the shins and expels harmful insects. Harvest its fruit in the tenth month and consume it like locust seeds; long-term use makes the body light and delays aging, with verified effects on vision.
[Shilongrui (Ranunculi Ternati Herba)]
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-cold-damp bi syndrome (obstruction), evil qi in the heart and abdomen, unblocks joints, and relieves irritability and fullness. Balances kidney and stomach qi, tonifies insufficient yin qi, treats spermatorrhea and cold penis. Long-term use makes the body light, brightens the eyes, delays aging, gives luster to the skin, and promotes fertility.
Also known as Luguo Neng, Dizhen, and Shixiong. Grows beside stones in streams and marshes of Tai Mountains. Seeds are harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month; bark is harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and dried in the shade.
Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix) serves as its shi herb (guide drug). It fears She Tui (Ophichus Exuvies) and Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus). Current varieties produced near roads have coarse seeds resembling flattened Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus), which people claim are actually Xucail Zi (Sibarae Semen); these are not the true quality. Those growing on rocks in Dongshan have short, delicate leaves and seeds resembling Tingli (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii et Sisymbrii), which are yellow and slightly pungent in taste; these are the authentic ones.
[Note] What is currently used is commonly called Shuijin. The seedling resembles Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), and the fruit resembles mulberry, hence the name Dizhen. It grows in damp places and ripens in May; both leaves and fruits are pungent. Varieties from southern mountains have seeds as large as kuaizi (sunflower seeds). Those from Guanzhong and Hebei are as small as Tingli and have weaker efficacy than those from southern mountains. Tao Hongjing considered the smaller ones to be authentic, which is not a comprehensive view. Additionally, Bie Lu records that Shuijin treats toxic swelling, carbuncles and furuncles, roundworms, and dental caries.