经云∶夏暑汗不出者，秋成风疟。《金鉴》谓∶风疟∶先伤于寒，后伤于风。据此二说而论，是证之因，
亦由长夏先受阴暑，至秋感风而发也。然而有暑无风惟病暑，有风无暑惟病风，必风暑合邪，始成疟病。此
虽与暑疟得病之因无异，发病之时亦同，但其见证，自有攸分，不可以不辨也。盖风疟之为病，寒少热多，不
似暑疟恶寒壮热，或着衣则烦，去衣则凛。风疟则头疼自汗出，不似暑疟肌肤无汗，必待汗出淋漓而热始
退。风疟之脉，弦而兼浮，不似暑疟，脉象纯弦，或洪或软，若此分别，投剂自合拍耳。初宜辛散太阳法去羌
活，加秦艽治之，必俟寒热厘清，始可进和解之法。总当细审其因，可散则
散，可和则和，可补则补，可截则截，全在临时活法耳。
江诚曰∶细观暑疟、风疟，皆由长夏感受阴暑，并发于秋，
但暑疟因秋凉所触，风疟因秋风所触，以此别之，毫厘无谬。
寒疟者，缘于先受阴寒，或沐浴之水寒，寒气伏于肌腠之中，复因外感邪风触之而发。正合经云∶寒
者阴气也，风者阳气也，先伤于寒，而后伤于风，故先寒而后热也。盖寒疟之脉证，弦紧有力，寒长热短
，连日而发，或间日而发，发时头痛微汗，或无汗干热。此当遵古训体若燔炭、汗出而散之旨，拟用
辛散太阳法治之。如寒热按时而至，方可继进和解，今人不别何经，动手概用小柴胡汤，则误甚矣。
《黄帝内经》记载：夏季暑热之时汗液排出不畅者，到了秋季会发展为风疟。《医宗金鉴》认为：风疟是先感受寒邪，后感受风邪所致。根据这两种说法来分析，此病的成因，也是由于长夏时节先受了阴暑之邪，到了秋季又感受风邪而发病。然而，只有暑邪没有风邪只会导致中暑病，只有风邪没有暑邪只会导致中风病，必须是风邪与暑邪结合为患，才能形成疟疾。这虽然与暑疟的致病原因相同，发病时间也一致，但其临床表现自有区别，不可以不加以辨别。大概风疟这种病，恶寒少而发热多，不像暑疟那样恶寒重且壮热，或者穿衣则感到烦热，脱衣则感到凛冽寒冷。风疟则是头痛且自汗出，不像暑疟那样肌肤无汗，必须等到汗出淋漓大汗之后，热势才会消退。风疟的脉象，弦而兼浮，不像暑疟那样脉象纯弦，或洪大或软弱，像这样分别清楚，用药自然就能契合病情。初期适宜用辛散太阳法去掉羌活，加入秦艽来治疗，必须等到寒热症状界限清晰后，才可以进用和解之法。总之应当仔细审察病因，可以发散的就发散，可以和解的就和解，可以补益的就补益，可以截断疟疾的就截断，全在于临证时的灵活变通。
江诚说：仔细观察暑疟和风疟，都是由长夏时节感受阴暑之邪，并在秋季发作，但暑疟是因为被秋凉之气触动，风疟是因为被秋风之气触动，以此作为区分标准，毫厘不差。
寒疟，是由于先感受了阴寒之邪，或者是沐浴时接触了冷水寒气，寒气潜伏在肌腠之中，后来又因外感风邪触动而发病。正符合经文所说：寒属于阴气，风属于阳气，先伤于寒，而后伤于风，所以先发冷而后发热。大概寒疟的脉证，脉象弦紧有力，恶寒时间长而发热时间短，连日发作，或者隔日发作，发作时头痛且有微汗，或者无汗且干热。此时应当遵循古训中“身体热得像炭一样，通过发汗来解散”的宗旨，拟定使用辛散太阳法来治疗。如果寒热症状按时发作，才可以继续进用和解之法，现在的人不辨别是哪一经的病，动手就一概使用小柴胡汤，那就错误得很严重了。
The *Classic of Difficult Issues* (Huangdi Neijing) states: "If sweat does not discharge during the summer heat, wind malaria (Feng Nue) will develop in autumn." The *Compendium of Medicine* (Yi Zong Jin Jian) asserts: "Wind malaria is caused by first being injured by cold, and subsequently by wind." Based on these two statements, the etiology of this syndrome arises from first contracting yin-summerheat (Yin Shu) during the long summer, and then manifesting upon contracting wind in autumn. However, if there is summerheat without wind, only summerheat disease occurs; if there is wind without summerheat, only wind disease occurs. It is only when wind and summerheat combine as pathogenic factors that malaria disease is formed. Although the etiology of this condition is no different from that of summerheat malaria (Shu Nue), and the time of onset is also the same, the clinical manifestations are distinctly different and must be carefully distinguished. Generally, wind malaria presents with less chills and more fever, unlike summerheat malaria which features severe chills and high fever, or where wearing clothes causes irritability while removing them causes chilliness. Wind malaria involves headache and spontaneous sweating, unlike summerheat malaria where the skin is dry and sweatless, requiring profuse sweating before the fever subsides. The pulse in wind malaria is wiry (Xian) and floating (Fu), unlike summerheat malaria where the pulse is purely wiry, or surging (Hong) or soft (Ruan). With such clear differentiation, the prescription will naturally fit the condition. Initially, it is appropriate to use the Acrid-Dispersing Taiyang Method (Xin San Tai Yang Fa) removing Qiang Huo and adding Qin Jiao for treatment. One must wait until the chills and fever are clearly distinguished before proceeding to Harmonizing Methods (He Jie Zhi Fa). Ultimately, one must carefully examine the etiology: disperse if dispersal is indicated, harmonize if harmonization is indicated, tonify if tonification is indicated, or intercept if interception is indicated. This all depends on flexible application during clinical practice.
Jiang Cheng stated: Upon careful observation, both summerheat malaria and wind malaria result from contracting yin-summerheat during the long summer and manifesting in autumn. However, summerheat malaria is triggered by autumn coolness, whereas wind malaria is triggered by autumn wind; distinguishing them in this manner leaves no room for error.
Cold malaria (Han Nue) originates from first contracting yin-cold, or from bathing in cold water, causing cold qi to lie dormant within the muscle interstices (Ji Cou). It subsequently manifests upon being triggered by external wind pathogens. This aligns perfectly with the classic saying: "Cold belongs to Yin Qi, wind belongs to Yang Qi; first injured by cold, then by wind, hence chills precede fever." Generally, the pulse and symptoms of cold malaria present as wiry and tight (Xin Jin) with forceful quality, with a longer duration of chills and shorter duration of fever. It may occur daily or every other day. During attacks, there is headache with slight sweating, or no sweating with dry heat. At this stage, one should follow the ancient instruction regarding "the body feeling like burning charcoal, to be dispersed through sweating," and propose using the Acrid-Dispersing Taiyang Method (Xin San Tai Yang Fa). If the chills and fever arrive at regular intervals, one may then proceed to Harmonizing Methods. Nowadays, practitioners often fail to differentiate the affected meridian and indiscriminately prescribe Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction), which is a grave error.