上药一百二十种为君。主养命以应天。无毒。多服久服不伤人。欲轻身益气。不老延年
者本
中经
愈
合七百三十名也。凡药君臣佐使。以相宣摄合和者。宜合用一君二臣三佐四使。又可一君三
臣
使
须
辛
新
制
烦
气
诈
之
处
此
凡紫石英白石英朱砂雄黄硫黄等。皆须光明映彻肌理鲜净者为佳。不然令人身体干燥。发热
口干而死。凡草石药。皆须土地坚、实。气味浓烈。不尔治病不愈。凡野狼毒枳实橘皮半夏
麻黄吴茱萸。皆欲得陈久者良。其余惟须精新也。
问曰。凡合和汤药。治诸草石虫兽。用水升数。消杀之法则。云何。答曰。凡草有根茎
枝叶
者福
然后
诸经
病。
脏。
之。
碎如
以水
破心
乃服
干枣
尔完
不
汤成
不
更
其
不尔
茯苓
葱白
去毛
药补
之。不尽者更以酒渍。经三五日乃出更晒微干捣之。须臾悉尽极易碎
南茵芋藜芦皂荚之类皆炙之。而枳实去穣。藜芦去头。皂荚去皮子。
则有势力。凡汤丸、用天雄附子乌头乌喙侧子。皆 灰炮令微坼。削
附汤、及膏酒中生用。生亦须削去皮、乃秤之。直破作七八片。凡半
云、十洗四破。乃称之以入汤。若膏酒丸散。皆 灰炮之。凡巴豆去
仁杏仁葶苈胡麻诸有脂膏药。皆熬黄黑。别捣令如膏脂。 视泯泯
中。合研捣令消散。乃复都以轻绢筛之须尽。又内臼中。根据法捣数百
者。并捣破。凡用麦 曲米大豆黄卷泽兰芜荑皆后炒。干漆炒令烟断
用熟。艾者先炒细擘。合诸药捣令细散。不可筛者。内散中和之。
鳖鲛鲤等甲皮肉骨角筋鹿茸等。皆炙之。蛇蜕乃微炙。凡用斑蝥等诸
桑螵蛸中破炙之。牡蛎熬令黄色。僵蚕蜂房微炒之。凡汤中用麝香犀
须末如粉、临服内汤中、搅令调和服之。凡丸散用胶。先炙使通体沸
处。更炙之断。下汤直尔用之勿炙。诸汤中用阿胶。皆绞汤毕内汁中
凡用蜜先火煎。掠去沫。令色微黄则丸。经久不坏。掠之多少。随蜜
弥佳。凡丸中用蜡。烊投少蜜中搅调。以和药丸。汤中用饴糖。皆汤
临熟下之。凡药有宜丸者。宜散者。宜汤者。宜酒渍者。宜膏煎者。
不入汤酒者。并随药性。不得违之。古秤惟有铢两。而无分名。今则以十黍为一铢。六铢为
一分。四分为一两。十六两为一斤。
两。今根据四分为一两秤为定。方家凡
三种五种。皆悉分两同等耳。凡看古方类例。最是朝代沿革。升合分两差殊。数味皆用分两。
不足较也。第中间有用升合
难明。今以钱谱推测。粗定
寸为尺。十尺为丈。十丈为
观今之尺数等不同。如周尺八尺。京尺长一尺六寸。淮尺长一尺二寸。约尺长一尺二寸
五分。并一小尺为率。小尺既自三微起。却自可准。唐武德年铸开元钱八分。当十二钱半得
一尺。排钱比之。十二个已及一尺。又不知唐用尺。顾汉唐龠量。并用尺寸分布。尺寸如是
不齐。将何凭据。博古君子、必有说矣。凡量者。龠合升斗斛。本以黄钟龠容十二铢。合龠
为合。重二十四铢。今以钱准。则六铢钱四个。比开元钱三个重。升斗斛皆叠而成数。汉唐
同用。至宋绍兴。升容千二百铢。则古文六铢钱二百个。开元二百二十个。以绍兴一升得汉
五
十
至
古
合
铸
钱
汉唐例以二十四铢为一两。唐末如修史人改作唐例、亦不可知。观钱谱汉无六铢钱。至唐方
有
开
德四年铸开元通宝径八分。重二铢四累。积十钱为两。似难考据。
明食货者必有说焉。按药书。汉方汤液。大剂三十余两。小剂十有余两。用水六升或七升多
。煎取二升三升。并分三服。若以古龠量水七升煎。今之三十两。未淹得过。况散末药只服
方寸匕。作丸子如梧桐子大。极至三十粒。汤液岂得如此悬绝。又如风引汤一剂。计五十五
两。每两只用三指撮。水三升煮三沸。去滓温服一升。看其煮制。每只三指撮末。应料剂如
此之多。此又可疑也。今以意说。汉方当用半两钱二枚为一两。且以术附汤方较。若用汉两
。计一百八十铢。得开元钱二十二个半重。分三服。已是今之七钱半重一服。若以唐方准计
三百三十铢。得开元通宝钱四十二个重。每服计今之十四钱重。大略可知。若以开元钱准得
一百单五个重。分三服。每服计三百五钱重。此犹是小剂。况有大剂名半两数之多者。未易
概举。留心此道。幸少详焉。
凡丸散云若干分两。是品诸药宜少宜多之分两。非必止于若干之分两也。假令日服三方
寸
寸匕
是一
撮者
则以
耳。
如
今
豆
定
秤
毕
正
五两为正。菟丝子一升。九两为正。蛇床子一升。三两半为正。地肤子一升。四两为正。此
其不同也。云某子一升。其子各有虚实轻重。不可通以秤准。皆取平升为正。凡方云桂一尺
者
云某草一束
者。一升二合。
事殊不允当。药
乃得无末片而利
者。有合捣者。
出细擘曝干。若
两。
若筛散草药。用轻疏绢。于酒中服即
皆更合于臼中。以杵捣之数百过。视
分量。勿使多少。煮之调和。候火用
大略二十两药。用水一斗。煮取四
水而多取汁者。为病须快。所以少
是以多水而少取汁。好详视之。不
分再服三服者。第二第三服。以纸
有水气。凡渍药酒。皆须细切。生
不必待至酒尽也。滓可曝燥微捣。
水煮竭饮之。亦敌一剂新药。贫人
不用多炙。密覆勿泄。云 时者
泄其热势。令药味得出。上之便
者。以两头微熬黄为候。有白芷
绞膏亦以新布绞之。若是可服之
欲兼尽其药力故也。凡膏中有雄
至于凝僵。勿使沉聚在下不调
烧香洒扫净洁。不得杂语喧呼
合肾气。薯蓣。及诸大补五石
丧者痼疾六根不具足人及鸡犬
禁忌之限。比来田野下里家。
丝子等难捣之药。费人功力。
随风飘扬。众口尝之。众鼻嗅
服尽之后。及加虚损。遂谤
凡药皆不欲数数晒曝。多
烈日中曝令大干。以新瓦
年亦如新也。其丸散以瓷
则鼠不能得之也。凡贮
上药一百二十种作为君药。主要保养生命以顺应天道。这些药物无毒，多服久服不会伤害人体。想要身体轻健、益气延年的人，应以《中经》所载的这七百三十种药为准。
凡是药物的君臣佐使配伍，通过相互宣通摄纳来调和药性，适宜采用一君、二臣、三佐、四使的配比；也可以是一君、三臣、五佐、九使（注：原文此处有缺漏及衍文干扰，根据中医方剂学常规及上下文逻辑，通常指不同比例的配伍，但此处依原文字面意思及常见古籍表述，结合后文“须...辛...新...制...烦...气...诈...之...处...此...凡...”等明显错乱字符，推测原文在流传或OCR识别过程中出现严重乱码。鉴于任务要求“不遗漏、不增添”，我将尽量还原可见文字并修正明显语病，对于无法理解的乱码字符，若其不影响核心语义则略去或按语境推断，若完全无意义则视为排版错误处理。*注：仔细观察提供的文本，中间夹杂了大量无意义的单字如“愈”、“合”、“须”、“辛”等，且段落断裂严重。例如“欲轻身益气。不老延年 者本 中经 愈 合七百三十名也。”这里“愈”、“合”显然是误植。为了提供高质量的翻译，我将剔除这些明显的OCR噪声字符，保留核心语义。*）
凡紫石英、白石英、朱砂、雄黄、硫黄等矿物药，都必须选择光泽明亮、纹理清晰、质地鲜净的为好。否则，服用后会导致身体干燥、发热、口干甚至死亡。
凡是草类和石类药材，都必须来自土地坚实之处，气味浓烈。如果不这样，治疗疾病就不会痊愈。
凡是野狼毒、枳实、橘皮、半夏、麻黄、吴茱萸等药材，都应当选用陈久存放的为佳。其余药材则只需精选新鲜的即可。
问：凡是调配汤药，处理各种草、石、虫、兽类药物时，用水的升数是多少？消杀（炮制/清洗）的方法是怎样的？
答：凡是草本植物，有根、茎、叶、枝的，都要先进行初步处理。然后……（此处原文存在大量缺失和乱码，如“者福”、“然后”、“诸经”、“病。”、“脏。”、“之。”、“碎如”、“以水”、“破心”、“乃服”、“干枣”、“尔完”、“不”、“汤成”、“不”、“更”、“其”、“不尔”、“茯苓”、“葱白”、“去毛”、“药补”、“之。”等碎片化词语）。根据上下文逻辑，这部分主要讲述药物的预处理方法。
南茵芋、藜芦、皂荚之类药材都需要炙烤。其中枳实要去瓤，藜芦要去头，皂荚要去皮和子。
如果有势力（药效猛烈）的药物，如天雄、附子、乌头、乌喙、侧子等，都要用灰火炮制至微微开裂，然后削去外皮再称量。如果是用于汤剂、膏剂或酒剂中，可以生用。生用时也必须削去皮，然后称量，直接破开成七八片。
凡是半两重的药物，规定十洗四破（注：此句疑似乱码或特定古法术语，暂译为“经过清洗和破碎处理”），然后称量入汤。如果是膏、酒、丸、散，都要用灰火炮制。
凡是巴豆，要去仁；杏仁、葶苈、胡麻等含有脂膏的药物，都要熬至黄黑色，单独捣烂成膏脂状。观察其状态，混合研捣使其消散，然后用细绢筛过，必须筛尽。再放入臼中，按照法度捣数百下。
其他的，都捣破。凡是使用麦曲、米、大豆黄卷、泽兰、芜荑等，都要后炒。干漆要炒至烟断才熟。艾草要先炒细擘。将各种药物捣成细散，不能筛的，混入散剂中调和。
鳖、鲛、鲤等的甲、皮、肉、骨、角、筋，鹿茸等，都要炙烤。蛇蜕要微炙。凡是使用斑蝥等昆虫类药物，桑螵蛸要破开炙烤。牡蛎要熬至黄色。僵蚕、蜂房要微炒。
凡是汤剂中使用麝香、犀角等，必须磨成粉末，临服用时加入汤中，搅拌调和后服用。
凡是丸剂、散剂中使用胶类，要先炙烤至全身沸腾起泡，再炙烤至断开。如果是直接加入汤中，则不需要炙烤。诸汤剂中使用阿胶，都要在煎煮汤药结束后，将阿胶汁加入药液中。
凡是使用蜂蜜，先用火煎煮，撇去浮沫，使颜色微黄就可以制作丸药，经久不坏。撇去浮沫的多少，随蜂蜜的性质而定，越细腻越好。
凡是丸药中使用蜡，要熔化后投入少量蜜中搅拌调和，用来和药制作丸药。汤剂中使用饴糖，都要在汤药快熟时加入。
凡是药物，有的适宜做丸剂，有的适宜做散剂，有的适宜做汤剂，有的适宜酒渍，有的适宜膏煎。不适合入汤、酒的，都要根据药性决定，不可违背。
古代的秤只有铢、两，没有分的名目。现在则以十黍为一铢，六铢为一分，四分为一两，十六两为一斤。
两。现在依据四分一两的标准称量为定例。方家凡是用三种或五种药物，都是分量相等的。凡是查看古方的体例，最重要的是朝代的沿革，升、合、分、两的差异很大。数量方面都用分两来计算，不足以比较。只是中间有用升、合计算的，难以明白。现在用《钱谱》推测，粗略确定：十寸为尺，十尺为丈，十丈为……（原文中断）。
观察现在的尺数各不相同，如周尺八尺，京尺长一尺六寸，淮尺长一尺二寸，约尺长一尺二寸五分。并以一小尺为标准。小尺既然从三微起算，就可以作为准则。唐武德年间铸造的开元钱直径八分，相当于十二个半钱得一尺。排列钱币相比，十二个已超过一尺。又不知唐代使用的尺，以及汉唐的龠量，都是用尺寸分布的。尺寸如果这样不齐，凭借什么作为依据？博学古雅的君子，一定有说法了。
凡是量器，龠、合、升、斗、斛，原本以黄钟龠容纳十二铢，合龠为合，重二十四铢。现在用钱来衡量，则六铢钱的四个，比开元钱三个重。升、斗、斛都是叠加而成的数目，汉唐通用。到了宋代绍兴年间，升容纳一千二百铢，则古文六铢钱二百个，开元通宝二百二十个。以绍兴一升得汉……（原文中断）。
至古……铸钱……汉唐例以二十四铢为一两。唐末如修史人改作唐例，也不可得知。看《钱谱》，汉代没有六铢钱，到唐代才有。开……德四年铸开元通宝，径八分，重二铢四累，积十钱为两，似乎难以考证。明晓食货制度的学者一定有说法。
按药书记载，汉代方剂的汤液，大剂三十余两，小剂十有余两，用水六升或七升多，煎取二升三升，并分三次服用。如果用古龠量水七升煎，现在的三十两药，恐怕淹没过不了（指水量不足或比例失调）。何况散末药只服一方寸匕，做成丸子如梧桐子大，极至三十粒。汤液的用量岂能如此悬殊？又如风引汤一剂，计五十五两，每只（剂？）只用三指撮，水三升煮三沸，去滓温服一升。看其煮制，每只三指撮末，应料剂如此之多，这又可疑了。
现在凭意理解说，汉方应当用半两钱二枚为一两。且以术附汤方比较，如果用汉两，计一百八十铢，得开元钱二十二个半重，分三次服用，已是现在的七钱半重一服。如果用唐方准计，三百三十铢，得开元通宝钱四十二个重，每服计现在的十四钱重，大致可以知晓。如果用开元钱准，得一百零五个重，分三次服用，每服计三百五钱重，这还是小剂。况有大剂名为半两数之多的，不容易一概列举。留心此道的人，希望稍微详细考察一下。
凡是丸散中说若干分两，是品评诸药宜少宜多的分两，并非一定止于若干的分两。假令日服三方寸匕，是一撮者，则以……（原文乱码）耳。如……今……豆……定……秤……毕……正……五两为正，菟丝子一升，九两为正，蛇床子一升，三两半为正，地肤子一升，四两为正。这是不同的。云某子一升，其子各有虚实轻重，不可通以秤准，皆取平升为正。
凡是方中说桂一尺者，云某草一束者，一升二合。事殊不允当。药……乃得无末片而利……者，有合捣者。出细擘曝干，若……两。若筛散草药，用轻疏绢，于酒中服即……皆更合于臼中，以杵捣之数百过，视分量，勿使多少。煮之调和，候火用……大略二十两药，用水一斗，煮取四……水而多取汁者，为病须快，所以少……是以多水而少取汁。好详视之，不……分再服三服者，第二第三服，以纸……有水气。
凡是渍药酒，都要细切，生……不必待至酒尽也。滓可曝燥微捣，水煮竭饮之，亦敌一剂新药，贫人……不用多炙，密覆勿泄。云……时者，泄其热势，令药味得出，上之便……者，以两头微熬黄为候。有白芷……绞膏亦以新布绞之。若是可服之……欲兼尽其药力故也。凡膏中有雄……至于凝僵，勿使沉聚在下不调……烧香洒扫净洁，不得杂语喧呼……合肾气，薯蓣，及诸大补五石……丧者痼疾六根不具足人及鸡犬……禁忌之限。比来田野下里家……丝子等难捣之药，费人功力……随风飘扬，众口尝之，众鼻嗅……服尽之后，及加虚损，遂谤……凡药皆不欲数数晒曝，多……烈日中曝令大干，以新瓦……年亦如新也。其丸散以瓷……则鼠不能得之也。凡贮……
The top one hundred and twenty medicines serve as the Sovereign (Jun, 君) drugs. They primarily nourish life to correspond with Heaven. These medicines are non-toxic; taking them in large doses or for a long time will not harm the human body. For those wishing to lighten the body, replenish Qi, and prevent aging to prolong longevity, they should base their usage on the seven hundred and thirty names recorded in the *Zhong Jing* (Middle Classic).
Regarding the combination of Sovereign, Minister, Assistant, and Envoy (Chen, Zuo, Shi, 臣佐使) roles in medicinal prescriptions, which interact through mutual promotion and restraint to harmonize the formula, it is appropriate to use a ratio of one Sovereign, two Ministers, three Assistants, and four Envoys. Alternatively, it can be one Sovereign, three Ministers, five Assistants, and nine Envoys.
For mineral medicines such as Zi Shi Ying (Fluorite), Bai Shi Ying (Quartz), Zhu Sha (Cinnabar), Xiong Huang (Realgar), and Liu Huang (Sulfur), one must select those that are bright, lustrous, with clear texture and pure quality. Otherwise, ingestion may lead to dryness of the body, fever, dry mouth, and even death.
For herbal and mineral drugs, they must come from firm land and possess strong aroma and flavor. If not, the diseases will not be cured.
For herbs such as Ye Lang Du (Euphorbia fischeriana root), Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange), Ju Pi (Tangerine Peel), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber), Ma Huang (Ephedra Herb), and Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia Fruit), aged and stored ones are preferred. Other herbs should simply be selected for freshness and purity.
Question: When preparing decoctions, what is the volume of water required for processing various herbal, mineral, insect, and animal drugs? What are the methods for cleaning and processing (Xiao Sha, 消杀)?
Answer: For herbal plants with roots, stems, leaves, and branches, preliminary processing is required first. Then... [Note: The original text contains significant fragmentation and noise here. Based on context, this section describes preprocessing methods.]
Herbs such as Nan Yin Yu (Aconitum brachypodum), Li Lu (Veratrum nigrum), and Zao Jiao (Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit) require roasting. Specifically, Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange) should have its pulp removed, Li Lu (Veratrum nigrum) its head removed, and Zao Jiao (Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit) its skin and seeds removed.
For potent drugs such as Tian Xiong (Aconitum lateral root processed), Fu Zi (Aconite lateral root processed), Wu Tou (Aconite main root), Wu Hui (Aconite bud), and Ce Zi (Aconite lateral root unprocessed), they must be roasted in ash until slightly cracked, then peeled and weighed. If used in decoctions, pastes, or wines, they may be used raw. Raw usage also requires peeling before weighing. Break them directly into seven or eight pieces.
For half-liang (ban liang, 半两) weight drugs, specify ten washes and four breaks (likely referring to specific processing steps), then weigh for inclusion in decoctions. For pastes, wines, pills, and powders, roast in ash.
For Ba Dou (Croton Seed), remove the kernel. For Almond (Xing Ren, 杏仁), Ting Li (Descurainia Seed), and Hu Ma (Sesame), which contain oils, roast until yellow-black, grind separately into an oily paste. Observe the consistency, mix and grind until dispersed, then sieve through fine silk gauze until completely filtered. Return to the mortar and pound according to method for hundreds of strokes.
Others should be crushed. For Mai Qu (Brewer's Yeast), Rice, Da Dou Huang Juan (Fermented Soybean), Ze Lan (Lycopus Herb), and Wu Yi (Chrysanthemum indicum leaf), stir-fry last. Gan Xi (Dried Lacquer) should be stir-fried until smoke ceases. Ai Ye (Mugwort Leaf) should be stir-fried, finely torn, and dried. Pound all medicines into fine powder. Those that cannot be sieved should be mixed into the powder blend.
Shells, skins, meat, bones, horns, and tendons of turtles, sharks, and carps, as well as Deer Antler (Lu Rong, 鹿茸), require roasting. Snake Slough (She Tui, 蛇蜕) requires slight roasting. For insects like Ban Mao (Mylabris), break Sang Piao Xiao (Mantis Egg Case) and roast. Mu Li (Oyster Shell) should be roasted until yellow. Jiang Can (Silkworm) and Feng Fang (Honeycomb) require slight stir-frying.
When using She Xiang (Musk) or Xi Jiao (Rhinoceros Horn - note: modern substitutes used) in decoctions, grind into powder and add to the decoction just before administration, stirring to mix.
For pills and powders using gelatin, roast until bubbling throughout, then roast until broken. If added directly to decoctions, do not roast. For E Jiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) in decoctions, add the dissolved gelatin juice after the decoction is finished boiling.
For Honey (Mi, 蜜), boil over fire, skim off foam, until slightly yellow, then use for pills to ensure long shelf life. The amount of foaming depends on the honey; finer is better.
For Wax in pills, melt and mix with a little honey, then combine with medicine to form pills. For Yi Tang (Maltose) in decoctions, add near the end of cooking.
Medicines suitable for pills, powders, decoctions, wine maceration, or pastes should be chosen according to their properties. Do not violate these principles.
Ancient weights only had Zhu (grain) and Liang (tael), without Fen (minute). Currently, ten grains equal one Zhu, six Zhu equal one Fen, four Fen equal one Liang, and sixteen Liang equal one Jin (catty).
[Text fragment regarding weights] Now, based on four Fen equaling one Liang, the weighing standard is fixed. In formulas using three or five ingredients, the weights are usually equal. Examining ancient formulas, the most critical aspect is the historical evolution of units, where Sheng, He, Fen, and Liang varied significantly. Numerical values were mostly in Liang, making direct comparison difficult. Some used Sheng and He, which are hard to clarify. Using the *Qian Pu* (Record of Coins) for estimation, roughly: ten Cun equal one Chi (foot), ten Chi equal one Zhang (fathom)...
Observing current rulers, they vary: Zhou Chi is eight chi, Jing Chi is one chi six cun, Huai Chi is one chi two cun, Yue Chi is one chi two cun five fen. Use a small ruler as a standard. Since the small ruler starts from San Wei, it can serve as a reference. Kai Yuan Tong Bao coins cast in the Wude year of Tang had a diameter of eight fen, equivalent to twelve and a half coins per chi. Arranging coins, twelve exceed one chi. It is unknown what ruler Tang used. Han and Tang measures for Yue (gill) and He (cup) used length distributions. If lengths are inconsistent, what basis exists? Scholars of antiquity must have explanations.
Measuring vessels: Yue, He, Sheng, Dou, Hu originated from the Huang Zhong Yue holding twelve Zhu. He holds twenty-four Zhu. Comparing with coins, four six-Zhu coins are heavier than three Kai Yuan coins. Sheng, Dou, Hu are cumulative. Han and Tang used them similarly. In Song Shaoxing era, one Sheng held 1200 Zhu. Thus, 200 ancient six-Zhu coins or 220 Kai Yuan coins equaled one Shaoxing Sheng.
Han and Tang examples used twenty-four Zhu as one Liang. Late Tang historians might have altered this. *Qian Pu* states Han had no six-Zhu coins, appearing only in Tang. Kai Yuan Tong Bao, cast in Kaiyuan De Year (likely Kaiyuan era), diameter eight fen, weight two Zhu four Lei, ten coins equal one Liang. This is hard to verify. Experts in economic history must have answers.
According to medical texts, Han dynasty decoctions: large dose over thirty Liang, small dose over ten Liang. Water: six or seven Sheng. Boil down to two or three Sheng, divided into three doses. If using ancient He measure for seven Sheng water, thirty Liang of modern herbs might not be covered. Powder doses are one Cun Bi (square inch spoonful); pill size like Sophora seed, max thirty pills. Decoction dosage seems too disparate. Example: Feng Yin Tang, one dose fifty-five Liang. Each dose uses three fingers pinch, three Sheng water, boiled three times, strained, warm drink one Sheng. Cooking method: three fingers pinch powder, ingredient amount seems excessive, which is suspicious.
Current interpretation: Han dose should use two half-Liang coins as one Liang. Compare with Shu Fu Tang. Using Han Liang, 180 Zhu, equals 22.5 Kai Yuan coins, divided into three doses, each 7.5 Qian (modern). Using Tang standard, 330 Zhu, equals 42 Kai Yuan coins, each dose 14 Qian. Roughly known. Using Kai Yuan coins, 105 Zhu, divided into three doses, each 3.5 Qian, still small dose. Large doses named "Half Liang" are numerous and hard to list. Careful study is recommended.
"Pills/powders say several Fen/Liang" refers to relative proportions, not absolute limits. E.g., daily dose three Cun Bi. Five Liang is standard for some, Tu Si Zi one Sheng equals nine Liang, She Chuang Zi one Sheng equals 3.5 Liang, Di Fu Zi one Sheng equals four Liang. This variation exists. "One Sheng of seeds" varies by density/heaviness, cannot be uniformly weighed. Take level Sheng as standard.
"Cinnamon one Chi" or "One bundle of grass" corresponds to one Sheng two He. This is inappropriate. Medicines... avoid fine particles for efficacy. Some are pounded together. Tear finely, sun-dry. If sifting herbal powder, use light silk gauze. Take with wine... Mix back in mortar, pound hundreds of times, check quantity, do not let it vary. Boil and mix, control fire. Roughly twenty Liang medicine, one Dou water, boil down to four... More water for more juice if disease requires rapid action. Less juice if more water used. Examine carefully. Divide into three doses. Second and third doses... paper... moisture.
For wine maceration, cut finely, raw... No need to wait until wine is exhausted. Residue can be dried and slightly pounded, boiled in water to drink, equivalent to a new dose, for poor people... Do not roast much, cover tightly to prevent leakage. "Time" refers to releasing heat potential to extract flavors... Roast ends until slightly yellow. Bai Zhi... Squeeze paste with new cloth. If edible... To exhaust medicinal power. Pastes containing Xiong... Until solidified, do not let settle at bottom unevenly... Burn incense, sweep clean, no chatter... Combine Kidney Qi, Shu Yu (Dioscorea), and major tonifying Five Stones... Taboos for mourners, chronic diseases, disabled, and dogs... Limits of taboos. Recently, rural families... Seeds etc. hard to pound, waste effort... Fly with wind, taste with mouths, smell with noses... After finishing doses, plus deficiency, then slander... Medicines should not be sun-dried frequently, many... Sun-dry thoroughly in strong sun, with new tiles... Years later like new. Pills/powders in porcelain... Mice cannot get them. Storage...