脉有奇经八脉者何谓也。曰。有阳维有阴维有阳跷有阴跷有冲有督有任有带之脉。凡此
八
独不
霪
与
者
督脉者。起于下极之前。并于脊里。上至风府。入属脑。夫督脉者。阳脉之海。督之言
都也
任脉者。起于中极之下。以上毛际。循腹里。上关元。至喉咽。夫任者妊也。此是人之
生养
冲脉者。起于气冲。并阳明之经。夹脐上行。至胸中而散。夫冲脉阴脉之海也。冲者通
也。
带脉者。起于季胁。回身一周。夫带者言束也。言总束诸脉。使得调柔也。季胁在肋下。
下
阳跷脉者。起于跟中。循外踝上行入风池。夫跷者捷疾也。言此脉是人行走之机要。动
足
阴跷脉者。亦起于跟中。循内踝上行至咽喉。交贯冲脉。其阴跷义与阳跷同。此奇经之
六脉
阳维阴维者。经络于身。溢蓄不能环流溉灌诸经者也。故阳维起于诸阳会也。阴维起于
诸阴
经之
其受邪气。蓄则肿热。砭射之也。凡九州之内、有十二经水以流泄地气。人有十二经脉
以应
奇经之为病何如？曰∶阳维维于阳。阴维维于阴。阴阳不能相维。则怅然失志。溶溶不
能自
也。
阳跷为病。阴缓而阳急。阳跷在外踝。病即其脉当从外踝以上急。内踝以上缓也。
阴跷为病。阳缓而阴急。阴跷在内踝。病即其脉当从内踝以上急。外踝以上缓也。
冲脉之为病。逆气而里急。冲脉从关元至咽喉。故其脉为病。逆气而里急也。
督脉之为病。脊强而厥。督脉在脊。病则其脉急。故令脊强也。
任脉之为病。其内苦结。男子为七疝。女子为瘕聚。任脉起于胞门子户。故其病结为七
疝瘕
带脉之为病。苦腹满。腰溶溶若坐水中。带脉者。回带人之身体。病则其脉缓。故令腰
溶溶
阳维为病苦寒热。阴维为病苦心痛。阳为卫。卫为气。气主肺。故寒热。阴为荣。荣为
血。
又云。冲脉者起于关元。循腹里、直上至咽喉中。任脉者起于胞门子户。夹脐上行至胃
中。
寸口脉来大而渐小者。阴维也。苦风痹痈。时自发。
寸口脉来小而渐大者。阳维也。苦皮肤淫痛。汗出恶寒。
寸口脉来紧细而长至关者。任脉也。苦绕脐及横骨切痛。
诊得任脉横寸口迟者。苦胸中有气上抢心。不得俯仰。拘急。
诊得阳维浮者。暂起即目眩。阳气盛实。苦肩息、洒洒如寒。
诊得阴维沉大而实者。苦胸中痛。胁下支满。心痛也。
诊得阴维如贯珠者。男子两胁实。腰中痛。女子阴中痛。为有热也。
诊得带脉左右绕脐。腰脊痛连阴股也。
两手脉浮。阴阳皆盛实者。此为冲督之脉也。冲督之脉者。十二经之道路。冲督用事者。
十
两手脉细微绵绵。阴脉亦细微绵绵。此为阴跷阳跷之脉。
尺脉俱浮直下。此为督脉。腰背强痛不得俯仰。大人癞病。小儿风痫也。
诊得阳跷病则急。阴跷病则缓。
尺寸牢直上下为冲。胸中有寒疝也。
奇经八脉是指什么？回答说：有阳维脉、阴维脉、阳跷脉、阴跷脉、冲脉、督脉、任脉、带脉这八条经脉。这八条经脉单独存在，不与十二正经直接相合，也不像其他经脉那样有固定的流注次序。
督脉，起始于会阴部之前，并行于脊柱内部，上行至风府穴，进入并归属于脑部。所谓督脉，是阳脉的总汇（海）。督字意为“都”（汇聚）。
任脉，起始于中极穴之下，向上经过阴毛边缘，沿腹部内侧上行，经过关元穴，到达咽喉。所谓任，即“妊”（孕育）的意思，这是人体生命孕育和养育的根本。
冲脉，起始于气冲穴，与足阳明胃经并行，夹脐两侧上行，至胸部而散开。所谓冲脉，是阴脉的总汇（海）。冲字意为“通”（通达）。
带脉，起始于季胁部，环绕身体一周。所谓带，意为“束”（约束），指它总束所有纵行的经脉，使它们保持柔和协调。季胁位于肋骨下方。
阳跷脉，起始于足跟中部，沿外踝上行，进入风池穴。所谓跷，意为“捷疾”（轻快敏捷），指这条经脉是人体行走运动的关键枢纽。
阴跷脉，也起始于足跟中部，沿内踝上行至咽喉，与冲脉相交贯。其阴跷的含义与阳跷相同。以上所述为奇经中的六条脉。
阳维脉和阴维脉，分布于全身经络之中，当气血溢出蓄积而不能在十二经脉中循环灌溉时，便由这两条脉来调节。所以阳维脉起于诸阳经交会之处，阴维脉起于诸阴经交会之处。
当邪气侵袭，气血蓄积则出现肿胀发热，需用砭石刺破放血治疗。大九州之内，有十二条河流以流通地气；人有十二条经脉以对应天地之气。
奇经发生病变会怎样呢？回答说：阳维脉维系一身之阳，阴维脉维系一身之阴。如果阴阳不能相互维系，就会出现神情恍惚、意志消沉、身体软弱无力、不能自持的症状。
阳跷脉发病，表现为内侧肌肉松弛而外侧肌肉拘急。阳跷脉行于外踝，发病时其脉象应从外踝以上拘急，内踝以上松弛。
阴跷脉发病，表现为外侧肌肉松弛而内侧肌肉拘急。阴跷脉行于内踝，发病时其脉象应从内踝以上拘急，外踝以上松弛。
冲脉发病，表现为气逆上冲且腹部拘急疼痛。冲脉从关元穴上行至咽喉，所以其发病时会出现气逆和腹部拘急疼痛。
督脉发病，表现为脊柱强直且四肢厥冷。督脉位于脊柱，发病时经脉拘急，所以导致脊柱强直。
任脉发病，表现为体内苦于结滞不通。男子发为七疝，女子发为瘕聚（腹内结块）。任脉起始于胞门子户（子宫口），所以其病表现为结滞而成的七疝和瘕聚。
带脉发病，苦于腹部胀满，腰部松软无力，感觉如同坐在水中。带脉环绕束缚人的身体，发病时经脉弛缓，所以导致腰部松软无力。
阳维脉发病，苦于寒热往来；阴维脉发病，苦于心痛。阳主卫气，卫气属气，气主要关联肺脏，所以出现寒热症状。阴主营血，营血属血……（原文此处中断，后续逻辑为营血关联心脏等，但依原文仅提取到“血。”）
又说：冲脉起始于关元穴，沿腹部内侧直行上至咽喉中。任脉起始于胞门子户，夹脐两侧上行至胃中。
寸口脉来势大而逐渐变小者，是阴维脉的病征。苦于风痹痈肿，时常自发。
寸口脉来势小而逐渐变大者，是阳维脉的病征。苦于皮肤瘙痒疼痛，出汗且恶寒。
寸口脉来紧细且长，直达关部者，是任脉的病征。苦于绕脐及横骨部位切痛。
诊得任脉在寸口部呈现迟脉者，苦于胸中有气上冲心胸，不能俯仰，身体拘急。
诊得阳维脉浮者，短暂起身即感到头晕目眩，阳气盛实，苦于肩部呼吸急促（肩息）、洒洒然如受寒状。
诊得阴维脉如贯珠般圆滑流利者，男子两胁胀实，腰中痛；女子阴中痛，这是因为有热邪。
诊得带脉脉象左右环绕脐部，伴有腰脊痛连及阴股（大腿内侧）者。
两手脉象均浮，阴阳皆盛实者，这是冲脉和督脉的病证。冲脉和督脉是十二经脉的道路，当冲脉和督脉主导气机时……（原文此处中断，后接“十”，推测为十分或十经，但依原文仅提取至此）
两手脉象细微绵绵不绝，阴脉也细微绵绵不绝，这是阴跷脉和阳跷脉的病证。
What are referred to as the Eight Extraordinary Vessels? It is said that there are the Yang Linking Vessel (Yangwei Mai), Yin Linking Vessel (Yinwei Mai), Yang Heel Vessel (Yangqiao Mai), Yin Heel Vessel (Yinqiao Mai), Chong Vessel (Chong Mai), Du Vessel (Du Mai), Ren Vessel (Ren Mai), and Dai Vessel (Dai Mai). These eight vessels exist independently, do not directly connect with the Twelve Regular Meridians, and do not follow a fixed sequence of flow like other meridians.
The Du Vessel (Governor Vessel) originates anterior to the perineum, runs parallel within the spinal column, ascends to the Fengfu point (GV16), enters, and connects to the brain. The term "Du" implies "gathering" or "capital," signifying that this vessel is the Sea of all Yang Vessels.
The Ren Vessel (Conception Vessel) originates below the Zhongji point (CV3), ascends past the pubic hairline, follows the interior of the abdomen, passes through the Guanyuan point (CV4), and reaches the throat. The term "Ren" implies "pregnancy" or "nurturing," indicating that this vessel is the root of human reproduction and nourishment.
The Chong Vessel (Penetrating Vessel) originates at the Qichong point (ST30), runs alongside the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, ascends on both sides of the umbilicus, and disperses in the chest. The term "Chong" implies "passage" or "thoroughfare," signifying that this vessel is the Sea of all Yin Vessels.
The Dai Vessel (Girdle Vessel) originates at the hypochondriac region (Ji Xie), encircles the body once. The term "Dai" implies "binding" or "girdling," meaning it binds all longitudinal meridians, keeping them flexible and coordinated. The hypochondriac region is located below the ribs.
The Yang Heel Vessel (Yangqiao Mai) originates in the middle of the heel, ascends along the lateral malleolus, and enters the Fengchi point (GB20). The term "Qiao" implies "agility" or "swiftness," indicating that this vessel is the key mechanism for human walking and movement.
The Yin Heel Vessel (Yinqiao Mai) also originates in the middle of the heel, ascends along the medial malleolus to the throat, and intersects with the Chong Vessel. Its meaning is similar to that of the Yang Heel Vessel. The above describes six of the extraordinary vessels.
The Yang Linking Vessel (Yangwei Mai) and Yin Linking Vessel (Yinwei Mai) distribute throughout the body's meridians. When Qi and Blood overflow and accumulate, unable to circulate and irrigate the Twelve Regular Meridians, these two vessels regulate them. Thus, the Yang Linking Vessel originates from the convergence points of all Yang meridians, and the Yin Linking Vessel originates from the convergence points of all Yin meridians.
When pathogenic factors invade and Qi and Blood accumulate, swelling and heat occur; treatment involves using Bian stones (stone lancets) to pierce and release blood. Within the Great Nine Provinces, there are twelve rivers to circulate Earth Qi; humans have Twelve Regular Meridians to correspond to Heaven and Earth Qi.
How do diseases of the Extraordinary Vessels manifest? It is said: The Yang Linking Vessel links all Yang, and the Yin Linking Vessel links all Yin. If Yin and Yang cannot link each other, one experiences mental confusion, loss of will, and physical weakness, unable to maintain oneself.
When the Yang Heel Vessel is diseased, the medial muscles are relaxed while the lateral muscles are tense. Since the Yang Heel Vessel runs at the lateral malleolus, upon disease, its pulse should be tense above the lateral malleolus and relaxed above the medial malleolus.
When the Yin Heel Vessel is diseased, the lateral muscles are relaxed while the medial muscles are tense. Since the Yin Heel Vessel runs at the medial malleolus, upon disease, its pulse should be tense above the medial malleolus and relaxed above the lateral malleolus.
When the Chong Vessel is diseased, there is rebellious Qi and abdominal tension/pain. The Chong Vessel ascends from the Guanyuan point to the throat; thus, when diseased, it causes rebellious Qi and abdominal tension.
When the Du Vessel is diseased, there is stiffness of the spine and cold extremities (Jue). The Du Vessel is located in the spine; when diseased, the vessel becomes tense, causing spinal stiffness.
When the Ren Vessel is diseased, there is internal difficulty with knotting/stagnation. In men, it manifests as Seven Types of Hernia (Qi Shen); in women, as Masses/Aggregates (Jia Ju). The Ren Vessel originates at the Bao Men Zi Hu (uterine opening); thus, its disease presents as hernias and masses formed by stagnation.
When the Dai Vessel is diseased, there is abdominal fullness and a sensation of the waist being flaccid, as if sitting in water. The Dai Vessel girdles the body; when diseased, the vessel becomes lax, causing flaccidity of the waist.
When the Yang Linking Vessel is diseased, there is aversion to cold and fever. When the Yin Linking Vessel is diseased, there is heart pain. Yang governs Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), which is associated with Qi and primarily relates to the Lung; thus, cold and fever occur. Yin manages Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi), which is Blood... [Text ends here].
It is also said: The Chong Vessel originates at the Guanyuan point, runs straight up along the interior of the abdomen to the throat. The Ren Vessel originates at the Bao Men Zi Hu, ascends on both sides of the umbilicus to the Stomach.
If the Cun Kou pulse comes large and gradually becomes small, it indicates a disease of the Yin Linking Vessel. There is suffering from wind-bi and carbuncles, which appear spontaneously.
If the Cun Kou pulse comes small and gradually becomes large, it indicates a disease of the Yang Linking Vessel. There is suffering from skin itching and pain, sweating, and aversion to cold.
If the Cun Kou pulse comes tight, fine, and long, reaching the Guan position, it indicates a disease of the Ren Vessel. There is cutting pain around the umbilicus and at the Henggu area.
If the Ren Vessel is diagnosed as slow (Chi) at the Cun Kou, there is suffering from Qi in the chest rushing upward to the heart, inability to bend or extend, and stiffness.
If the Yang Linking Vessel is diagnosed as floating, dizziness occurs upon rising temporarily. Yang Qi is excessive and solid, causing shoulder breathing (dyspnea) and a shivering sensation as if cold.
If the Yin Linking Vessel is diagnosed as deep, large, and solid, there is suffering from chest pain, distension under the costal margin, and heart pain.
If the Yin Linking Vessel is diagnosed as smooth and round like beads strung together, men suffer from fullness in both hypochondria and lower back pain; women suffer from pain in the genitalia, indicating the presence of Heat.
If the Dai Vessel is diagnosed with pulses circling the umbilicus on both sides, accompanied by lower back and spine pain radiating to the inner thighs.
If the pulses in both hands are floating, and both Yin and Yang are excessive and solid, this indicates a disease of the Chong and Du Vessels. The Chong and Du Vessels are the pathways of the Twelve Regular Meridians; when they dominate... [Text ends here].
If the pulses in both hands are fine, thin, and continuous, and the Yin pulses are also fine, thin, and continuous, this indicates a disease of the Yin and Yang Heel Vessels.
If the Chi pulses are both floating and straight downward, this indicates a disease of the Du Vessel. Symptoms include stiffness and pain in the lower back and back, inability to bend or extend. In adults, it manifests as Leprosy/Skin diseases; in children, as Wind Epilepsy.
Diagnosis shows that when the Yang Heel Vessel is diseased, the pulse is tense; when the Yin Heel Vessel is diseased, the pulse is relaxed.
If the Cun and Chi positions are firm, straight, and unyielding from top to bottom, it is a disease of the Chong Vessel, manifesting as Cold Hernia in the chest.