凡人有感冒外邪者，当不时即治，速为调理，若犹豫隐忍，数日乃说，致使邪气入深，则难为
力矣。惟小儿女子，则为尤甚。凡伤寒之病，皆自风寒得之，邪气在表，未有温覆而不消散者，若
待入里，必致延久。一人不愈，而亲属之切近者，日就其气，气从鼻入，必将传染，此其病之微甚
，亦在乎治之迟早耳。故凡作汤液，不可避晨夜，觉病须臾，即宜速治，则易愈矣。仲景曰∶凡发
汗温服汤药，其方虽言日三服，若病剧不解，当促之，可半日中尽三服，即速治之意也。其或药病
稍见不投，但有所觉，便可改易。若其势重，当一日一夜，
时观之，一剂未退，即当复进一剂。最难者不过三剂，必当汗解。其有汗不得出者，即凶候也。
温病暑病之作，本由冬时寒毒内藏，故至春发为温病，至夏发为暑病，此以寒毒所化，故总谓
之伤寒。仲景曰∶发热，不恶寒而渴者，温病也。暑病则尤甚矣。盖暑病者，即热病也，是虽与寒
证不同，然亦因时而名，非谓其病必皆热也。此外如夏月中暑者，亦谓之暑病，则又非寒毒蓄留之
证，在仲景则名之为中 。义详暑证门，所当参阅。
一、温病暑病之治，宜从凉散，固其然也，然必表里俱有热证，方可治用清凉。若值四时寒邪
客胜，感冒不正之气，表邪未解，虽外热如火，而内无热证可据者，不得以温暑之名，执以为热，
而概用凉药。
一、冬有非时之暖，或君相客热之令而病热者，名曰冬温。此与冬月正伤寒大异，法宜凉解，此
舍时从证也。若夏月有寒者，其宜温亦然。
《素问·刺志论》曰∶气盛身寒，得之伤寒，气虚身热，得之伤暑。《伤寒论》曰∶脉盛身寒
，得之伤寒；脉虚身热，得之伤暑。此二论之言伤寒伤暑者，非即温病暑病之谓，盖单指夏月感触
时气者，所当辨其为寒为暑，而寒则宜温，暑则宜清也。身寒者，言受寒憎寒；身热者，言受热发
热，非曰身冷者方是伤寒，身热者乃是伤暑也。但此二论，则一曰气盛气虚，一曰脉盛脉虚，词若
异而理则一也。故凡察气者，当在形色，察脉者，当在本元，合而观之，则见理精矣。
凡是有人感染了外邪，应当随时立即治疗，迅速进行调理。如果犹豫不决、隐忍拖延，过了几天才说（就医），致使邪气深入体内，那就难以救治了。尤其是小儿和女子，这种情况更为严重。
大凡伤寒这类疾病，都是从风寒之邪引起的，邪气在体表，没有用温覆（保暖）方法而不能消散的。如果等待邪气传入体内，必定会导致病程迁延。一个人患病不愈，与其关系密切的亲属，每天接触他的病气，病气从鼻子吸入，必然会造成传染。这种病的轻重，也在于治疗是否及时。所以凡是配制汤药，不要避开早晨或夜晚，刚感觉到生病迹象，就应当迅速治疗，这样容易痊愈。张仲景说：“凡是发汗时温服汤药，处方虽然写明一天服用三次，但如果病情严重未缓解，应当加快服药频率，可以在半天内服完三剂，这就是迅速治疗的意思。”如果有药物与病情不相适应的迹象，只要有所察觉，就可以更改方药。如果病情严重，应当日夜观察，一剂药下去病势不退，就应当再进一剂。最难的情况不过三剂，必定会通过出汗而解表。如果有汗却排不出来的，就是凶险的征候。
温病和暑病的发生，本来是由于冬季寒毒潜伏在内，所以到了春天发作成为温病，到了夏天发作成为暑病。这是因为由寒毒转化而来，所以总称为伤寒。张仲景说：“发热，不恶寒而且口渴的，是温病。”暑病则更加严重。所谓暑病，就是热病，这虽然与寒证不同，但也是因季节命名，并不是说它的病一定是热证。此外，如夏季中暑的人，也称为暑病，这就不是寒毒蓄留的证候，在张仲景那里称之为“中暍”。含义详见“暑证”门类，应当参考阅读。
第一，温病和暑病的治疗，宜采用清凉发散的方法，这当然是对的，但必须表里都有热证，才可以治疗使用清凉药物。如果遇到四季寒邪客胜，感冒不正之气，表邪未解，虽然外表热如火烧，但内部没有热证可依据的，不能因为温病、暑病的名称，固执地认为是热证，而一概使用凉药。
第二，冬天有不正常的温暖，或者君火相火客气偏热的时令而导致患热病的，名叫冬温。这与冬季正月的伤寒大不相同，治法宜用清凉解表，这是舍弃时令而从症状论治的原则。如果是夏天有寒邪，其适宜用温法也是一样的。
《素问·刺志论》说：“气盛身体寒冷，得之于伤寒；气虚身体发热，得之于伤暑。”《伤寒论》说：“脉象盛大身体寒冷，得之于伤寒；脉象虚弱身体发热，得之于伤暑。”这两篇论述中的伤寒和伤暑，并不是指温病和暑病，大概单指夏季感触时令之气的人，应当辨别它是寒还是暑，如果是寒则宜用温法，如果是暑则宜用清法。“身寒”，是说受寒后憎恶寒冷；“身热”，是说受热后发热，并不是说身体冷才是伤寒，身体热才是伤暑。只是这两篇论述，一篇说气盛气虚，一篇说脉盛脉虚，言辞似乎不同，但道理是一致的。所以凡是诊察气的，应当在形色上观察；诊察脉的，应当在根本元气上观察，结合起来看，就能见到精微的道理了。
Whenever a person is infected by external pathogenic factors, treatment should be initiated immediately and regulation carried out promptly. If one hesitates or endures the symptoms for several days before seeking care, the pathogen will penetrate deeply, making it difficult to effect a cure. This is particularly severe in children and women.
Generally speaking, diseases of Shanghan (Cold Damage) originate from Wind-Cold pathogens. When the pathogen remains at the exterior level, there is no case where warming and covering cannot dissipate it. However, if one waits until the pathogen enters the interior, the disease will inevitably become chronic. If an individual does not recover, close relatives who are in frequent contact may inhale the pathogenic qi through the nose, leading to transmission. The severity of such diseases depends largely on whether treatment is administered early or late. Therefore, when preparing decoctions, one should not hesitate due to day or night; as soon as signs of illness are perceived, prompt treatment should be undertaken to facilitate recovery. Zhang Zhongjing stated: "When administering diaphoretic decoctions warm, although the prescription may specify three doses per day, if the condition is severe and unresolved, the frequency should be accelerated, allowing all three doses to be consumed within half a day." This reflects the principle of rapid treatment. If there is any indication that the medicine is incompatible with the condition, the prescription should be altered immediately upon perception. In cases of severe intensity, observation should continue day and night; if one dose fails to reduce the pathogen, another dose should be administered. At most, three doses are usually required to achieve resolution through sweating. If sweating occurs but the pathogen is not expelled, this indicates a critical prognosis.
The onset of Warm Diseases (Wenbing) and Summerheat Diseases (Shubing) stems from Cold toxins hidden within during winter. Thus, they manifest as Wenbing in spring and Shubing in summer. Since these arise from the transformation of Cold toxins, they are collectively referred to under the category of Shanghan. Zhang Zhongjing stated: "Fever without aversion to cold accompanied by thirst characterizes a Warm Disease." Summerheat disease is even more severe. The term "Summerheat disease" refers to Heat disease; although distinct from Cold patterns, it is named according to the season and does not necessarily imply that all such diseases are purely heat-related. Furthermore, individuals suffering from heatstroke in summer are also termed to have Shubing; this is not a pattern of retained Cold toxin. In Zhang Zhongjing's classification, this is called "Zhong Ye" (Heatstroke). For detailed meaning, refer to the section on Summerheat Patterns.
First, the treatment of Wenbing and Shubing generally favors cooling and dispersing methods. However, this approach is only appropriate when both the exterior and interior exhibit heat signs. If, during any season, Cold pathogens invade and the exterior pathogen has not yet resolved, even if the body surface feels hot like fire, but there are no internal heat signs to justify it, one must not rigidly classify it as heat merely based on the names "Warm Disease" or "Summerheat Disease," nor indiscriminately use cooling herbs.
Second, if abnormal warmth occurs in winter, or if the seasonal influence involves excessive ministerial fire heat leading to heat symptoms, it is termed "Winter Warmth" (Dongwen). This differs significantly from typical Winter Shanghan; the method should employ cooling and resolving strategies, adhering to the principle of treating the syndrome rather than the season. Conversely, if Cold prevails in summer, warming methods are similarly indicated.
The *Suwen · Cizhi Lun* states: "Excess Qi with cold body results from Cold damage; Deficient Qi with hot body results from Summerheat damage." The *Shanghan Lun* states: "Surging pulse with cold body results from Cold damage; Weak pulse with hot body results from Summerheat damage." These discussions on Cold and Summerheat damage do not refer specifically to Wenbing and Shubing, but rather to conditions contracted from seasonal pathogens in summer. One must distinguish between Cold and Summerheat; Cold requires warming, while Summerheat requires clearing. "Cold body" refers to aversion to cold after contracting Cold; "Hot body" refers to fever after contracting Heat. It does not mean that only cold bodies constitute Cold damage or only hot bodies constitute Summerheat damage. Although one text speaks of Excess/Deficient Qi and the other of Surging/Weak Pulses, the terminology differs while the underlying logic remains consistent. Therefore, when assessing Qi, one must observe physical appearance and complexion; when assessing Pulse, one must examine the root vitality. Integrating these observations leads to precise understanding.