阳邪在表则表热，阴邪在表则表寒。阳邪在里则里热，阴邪在里则里寒。邪在半表半里之间而
无定处，则往来寒热。邪在表则心腹不满，邪在里则心腹胀痛。邪在表则呻吟不安，邪在里则躁烦
闷乱。邪在表则能食，邪在里则不能食。不欲食者，邪在于表里之间，未至于不能食也。邪在表则
不烦不呕，邪在里则烦满而呕。凡初见心烦喜呕，及胸膈渐生痞闷者，邪在表方传里也，不可攻下
。凡病本在表，外证悉具，而脉反沉微者，以元阳不足，不能外达也，但当救里，以助阳散寒为上
策。前卷传忠录中有辨，当互阅之。
邪气在表发热者，表热里不热也，宜温散之。邪气在里发热者，里热甚而达于外也，宜清之。
阳不足，则阴气上入阳中而为恶寒，阴胜则寒也，宜温之。阴不足，则阳气陷入阴中而为发热
，阳胜则热也，宜清之。
寒热往来者，阴阳相争，阴胜则寒，阳胜则热也。盖热为阳，寒为阴，表为阳，里为阴，邪之
客于表者为寒，邪与阳相争则为寒栗；邪之传于里者为热，邪与阴相争则为热躁；其邪在半表半里
之间者，外与阳争则为
寒，内与阴争则为热，或表或里，或出或入，是以寒热往来，此半表里之证也。故凡寒胜者必多寒，
热胜者必多热，但审其寒热之势，则可知邪气之浅深也。
经曰∶阳微则恶寒，阴弱则发热。
仲景曰∶发热恶寒者，发于阳也。无热恶寒者，发于阴也。
阳邪侵袭体表，则表现为表热；阴邪侵袭体表，则表现为表寒。阳邪深入体内，则表现为里热；阴邪深入体内，则表现为里寒。邪气停留在半表半里之间且位置不固定，则出现忽冷忽热的症状。邪气在体表，则心腹部没有胀满感；邪气在体内，则心腹部胀痛。邪气在体表，患者会因疼痛而呻吟不安；邪气在体内，患者则会烦躁闷乱。邪气在体表，患者尚能进食；邪气在体内，患者则不能进食。不想吃东西的情况，说明邪气位于表里之间，尚未严重到完全无法进食的程度。邪气在体表，则没有心烦和呕吐的症状；邪气在体内，则会出现烦闷并伴有呕吐。凡是初起时出现心烦、喜欢呕吐，以及胸膈部位逐渐产生痞塞闷胀感的，说明邪气正从体表向体内传变，此时不可使用攻下法。凡是疾病本源在体表，外部症状全部具备，但脉象反而呈现沉微的，这是因为元阳不足，阳气不能外达所致，此时应当以救治里证、扶助阳气、驱散寒邪为上策。前卷《传忠录》中已有辨析，应当互相参考阅读。
邪气在体表导致发热的，是表热而里不热，适宜用温散的方法治疗。邪气在体内导致发热的，是里热炽盛并波及体表，适宜用清热的方法治疗。阳气不足，阴气上入阳分而导致畏寒，这是阴气偏胜造成的寒冷，适宜用温补的方法治疗。阴液不足，阳气陷入阴分而导致发热，这是阳气偏胜造成的炎热，适宜用清泻的方法治疗。
寒热往来的症状，是阴阳相互争斗的结果，阴气偏胜则恶寒，阳气偏胜则发热。大概来说，热属于阳，寒属于阴，体表属于阳，体内属于阴。邪气客居在体表的表现为寒，邪气与阳气相争则出现寒战；邪气传入体内的表现为热，邪气与阴气相争则出现热躁；邪气在半表半里之间的，向外与阳气相争则感到寒冷，向内与阴气相争则感到发热，或表或里，或出或入，因此出现寒热往来，这是半表半里的证候。所以凡是寒邪偏胜的必然多表现为寒，热邪偏胜的必然多表现为热，只要仔细审察寒热之势，就可以知道邪气的深浅程度。
《内经》说：阳气微弱则恶寒，阴气虚弱则发热。
张仲景说：发热且恶寒的，是病发于阳经；无发热而仅恶寒的，是病发于阴经。
When Yang pathogenic factors are in the exterior, there is exterior heat; when Yin pathogenic factors are in the exterior, there is exterior cold. When Yang pathogenic factors are in the interior, there is interior heat; when Yin pathogenic factors are in the interior, there is interior cold. When pathogens reside between the exterior and interior without a fixed location, alternating chills and fever occur. When pathogens are in the exterior, the chest and abdomen are not full or distended; when pathogens are in the interior, the chest and abdomen are painful and distended. When pathogens are in the exterior, patients groan in discomfort; when pathogens are in the interior, patients are restless and agitated. When pathogens are in the exterior, patients can eat; when pathogens are in the interior, patients cannot eat. A lack of desire to eat indicates that pathogens are between the exterior and interior, but not yet severe enough to cause complete anorexia. When pathogens are in the exterior, there is no irritability or vomiting; when pathogens are in the interior, there is irritability, fullness, and vomiting. Whenever initial symptoms include irritability, frequent vomiting, and gradually developing epigastric stuffiness, it indicates that pathogens are transmitting from the exterior to the interior; purgative methods should not be used. In cases where the disease originates in the exterior with all external signs present, but the pulse is unexpectedly deep and faint, this is due to insufficiency of Primordial Yang (Yuan Yang), which fails to reach the exterior. The best strategy is to rescue the interior by assisting Yang and dispersing cold. This has been discussed in the previous volume "Zhuanzhong Lu" and should be cross-referenced.
When pathogenic factors in the exterior cause fever, it is exterior heat without interior heat, suitable for treatment with warming dispersion. When pathogenic factors in the interior cause fever, it is intense interior heat radiating outward, suitable for treatment with clearing heat. Insufficiency of Yang allows Yin Qi to enter the Yang aspect, causing aversion to cold; this is cold due to Yin excess, suitable for warming treatment. Insufficiency of Yin allows Yang Qi to sink into the Yin aspect, causing fever; this is heat due to Yang excess, suitable for clearing heat.
Alternating chills and fever result from the struggle between Yin and Yang: Yin excess leads to chills, while Yang excess leads to fever. Generally, heat belongs to Yang, cold belongs to Yin, the exterior belongs to Yang, and the interior belongs to Yin. Pathogens lodging in the exterior manifest as cold; when pathogens struggle with Yang, chills occur. Pathogens transmitting to the interior manifest as heat; when pathogens struggle with Yin, restlessness and heat occur. For pathogens between the exterior and interior, struggling outward with Yang causes cold, while struggling inward with Yin causes heat. Moving between exterior and interior, or out and in, results in alternating chills and fever, constituting a syndrome of the half-exterior half-interior. Therefore, if cold dominates, there will be more cold manifestations; if heat dominates, there will be more heat manifestations. By carefully examining the trend of chills and fever, one can determine the depth of the pathogen.
The Classics state: "When Yang is weak, there is aversion to cold; when Yin is deficient, there is fever."
Zhang Zhongjing stated: "Fever with aversion to cold indicates onset in Yang [channels]; absence of fever with only aversion to cold indicates onset in Yin [channels]."