暑本夏月之热病，然有中暑而病者，有因暑而致病者，此其病有不同，而总由于暑。故
其为病，则有阴阳二证∶曰阴暑，曰阳暑，治犹冰炭，不可不辨也。阴暑者，因暑而受寒者
也。凡人之畏暑贪凉，不避寒气，则或于深堂大厦，或于风地树阴，或以乍热乍寒之时，不
谨衣被。以致寒邪袭于肌表，而病为发热头痛，无汗恶寒，身形拘急，肢体酸痛等证。
此以暑月受寒，故名阴暑，即伤寒也。惟宜温散为主，当以伤寒法治之也。又有不慎口腹，
过食生冷，以致寒凉伤脏，而为呕吐、泻痢、腹痛等证，此亦因暑受寒，但以寒邪在内，治
宜温中为主，是亦阴暑之属也。阳暑者，乃因暑而受热者也，在仲景即谓之中 。凡以
盛暑烈日之时，或于长途，或于田野，不辞劳苦，以致热毒伤阴，而病为头痛烦躁，肌体大
热，大渴大汗，脉浮气喘，或无气以动等证。此以暑月受热，故名阳暑。治宜察气之虚实，
火之微甚，或补或清，以固其气。此与阴暑之治，大有不同，若或因暑之名，而不分表里，
不察阴阳，则误人不浅矣。
一、阴暑证，或在于表，或在于里。惟富贵安逸之人多有之。总由恣情任性，不慎风寒
所致也。阳暑证，惟辛苦劳役之人多有之。由乎触冒暑热，有势所不容已也。然暑热逼人者
，畏而可避，可避则犯之者少；阴寒袭入者，快而莫知，莫知则犯之者多。故凡有病暑者，
阳暑不多见，而阴暑居其八九。今之人治暑者，但见发热头痛等证，则必曰此中暑也。而所
用无非寒凉，其不达也亦甚矣。
一、伤寒之病，虽同为寒邪，而名有不同也。伤暑之名，虽可同为暑邪，而病有不同也
。伤寒之名有不同者，在冬之寒，即谓之正伤寒；在春之温，即谓之温病；在夏之暑，即谓
之暑病。是温病、暑病。亦皆伤寒之别名耳。经曰∶冬伤于寒，春必温病。又曰∶凡病伤寒
而成温者，先夏至日者为病温，后夏至日者为病暑，即此谓也。伤暑之病有不同者，其因暑
而感寒者，寒则伤形，即伤寒也；因暑而受热者，热则伤气，即伤暑也。是内伤外感，俱有
暑病之不同耳。经曰∶气盛身寒，得之伤寒；气虚身热，得之伤暑，即此谓也。盖气盛身寒
者，谓身受寒邪而气无恙也，故曰伤寒。气虚身热者，谓身冒暑热，而热伤气也，故曰伤暑
。此义人多不解，而谓伤寒者必身寒，则于理不通，而大昧经旨矣。
一、夏月盛暑之时，必令身有微汗，此养身之道，最得时宜者也。若必使快然无汗，则
未免阴胜于阳，多致疾矣。观之经曰∶暑当与汗皆出，勿止。是言暑汗之勿宜止也。又曰∶
夏暑汗不出者，秋成风疟，是言暑汗不出之为病也。此夏月之汗宜否，盖可知矣。
一、夏月伏阴续论，在前第二卷《传忠录》中。
一、暑有八证∶脉虚，自汗，身热，背寒，面垢，烦渴，手足微冷，体重是也。凡治此
者，宜调理元气为主，清利次之。
一、中暑死者，不可使得冷，得冷便死。只宜以温暖之物，护其脐中，徐徐治之。
暑病本质上是夏季的热性疾病，然而有因直接感受暑邪而发病的（中暑），也有在夏季环境中因贪凉受寒而致病的（因暑致病）。这两种情况病因不同，但总根源都与暑季有关。因此，暑病分为阴证和阳证两种：即阴暑和阳暑，两者的治疗方法截然相反，如同冰与炭的区别，必须仔细辨别。
所谓阴暑，是指在暑天感受了寒邪。人们畏惧暑热、贪图凉爽，不注意避寒，于是或在深堂大厦中，或在风口树荫下，或在乍热乍冷的时节，穿衣盖被不慎。导致寒邪侵袭肌表，出现发热头痛、无汗恶寒、身体拘急不舒、肢体酸痛等症状。这是因为在暑月受了寒，所以称为阴暑，实际上就是伤寒。治疗应当以温散为主，按照治疗伤寒的方法进行。又有的人饮食不慎，过食生冷，导致寒凉损伤脏腑，出现呕吐、腹泻痢疾、腹痛等症状，这也是因为暑天受寒，只是寒邪在体内，治疗应以温中为主，这也属于阴暑的范畴。
所谓阳暑，是指因为在暑天感受了热邪，在张仲景的著作中称之为“中暍”（中暑）。凡是在盛夏烈日之下，长途跋涉或于田野劳作，不辞劳苦，导致热毒损伤阴气，出现头痛烦躁、全身高热、极度口渴、大汗淋漓、脉浮气喘，或者气短无力等症状。这是因为在暑月受了热，所以称为阳暑。治疗应当根据气的虚实、火的微甚，采取补益或清热的办法，以固护元气。这与阴暑的治疗大不相同，如果仅仅因为叫“暑病”，就不分表里、不辨阴阳，就会严重误人。
第一条：阴暑证，病位有的在表，有的在里。富贵安逸的人多见此证。总归是由于放纵情志任性，不慎风寒所致。阳暑证，辛苦劳役的人多见此证。这是由于接触冒犯暑热，是形势所迫不得不为。然而暑热逼人时，人们畏惧它可以躲避，能躲避则犯病者少；阴寒袭入时，感觉舒适而不知防备，不知防备则犯病者多。所以凡是患暑病的人，阳暑不多见，而阴暑占八九成。现在的人治疗暑病，只要见到发热头痛等症状，就必定说是中暑。所用的药物无非是寒凉之品，这种不达事理的情况也太严重了。
第二条：伤寒这个病名，虽然同为寒邪所致，但名称有所不同。伤暑这个病名，虽然可同属暑邪所致，但病情有所不同。伤寒名称不同的原因，在于冬季的寒邪，称为正伤寒；春季的温邪，称为温病；夏季的暑邪，称为暑病。所以温病、暑病，也都是伤寒的别名罢了。《内经》说：“冬天感受寒邪，春天必发温病。”又说：“凡是患伤寒而转化为温病的，在夏至日之前发病的叫温病，在夏至日之后发病的叫暑病”，说的就是这个意思。伤暑病情不同的原因，是因为暑天感受寒邪的，寒邪伤形体，就是伤寒；因为暑天感受热邪的，热邪伤气，就是伤暑。这是内伤和外感都有暑病的不同之处。《内经》说：“气盛身寒，得之于伤寒；气虚身热，得之于伤暑”，说的就是这个意思。所谓气盛身寒，是说身体感受寒邪而正气无恙，所以叫伤寒。所谓气虚身热，是说身体冒犯暑热，而热邪伤了正气，所以叫伤暑。这个道理很多人不理解，认为患伤寒的一定身体寒冷，这在道理上不通，也大大违背了经旨。
第三条：夏季盛暑之时，必然要让身体微微出汗，这是养生的道理，最合时宜。如果一定要让身体畅快而无汗，未免阴气胜过阳气，容易导致疾病。看《内经》说：“暑邪应当随着汗液一起排出，不要止住。”这是说暑天的汗不宜止住。又说：“夏天暑热汗不出，秋天会发展成风疟”，这是说暑天不出汗会导致疾病。这夏天的汗出与否的道理，大概可以知道了。
第四条：关于夏季伏阴的续论，在前面第二卷《传忠录》中已有记载。
第五条：暑病有八种症状：脉虚、自汗、身热、背部发冷、面部油垢、心烦口渴、手足微冷、身体沉重。凡是治疗这些症状的，应当以调理元气为主，清热利湿为辅。
Heatstroke is essentially a heat disease of summer. However, there are cases where illness arises from directly contracting the pathogenic factor of Summerheat (Shu), and cases where illness arises in the summer environment due to cold contraction caused by seeking coolness. Although the etiologies differ, both originate from the summer season. Therefore, Summerheat diseases are divided into two syndromes: Yin Summerheat and Yang Summerheat. Their treatments are as opposite as ice and charcoal, and they must be distinguished carefully.
Yin Summerheat refers to contracting cold pathogens during the summer. People, fearing the heat and seeking coolness, fail to avoid cold. They may stay in deep halls or large buildings, sit in windy places or under tree shade, or dress inadequately during times of fluctuating temperatures. This allows cold pathogens to invade the muscle and surface, resulting in symptoms such as fever, headache, absence of sweating, aversion to cold, bodily stiffness, and limb soreness. Because this occurs in the summer month due to cold exposure, it is named Yin Summerheat; it is essentially Cold Damage (Shanghan). Treatment should primarily focus on warming and dispersing, following the methods for treating Cold Damage. Additionally, some individuals who are careless with their diet consume excessive raw and cold foods, causing cold damage to the zang-organs, leading to symptoms like vomiting, dysentery, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. This is also due to cold contraction in summer, but since the cold pathogen is internal, treatment should prioritize warming the middle jiao. This also belongs to the category of Yin Summerheat.
Yang Summerheat refers to contracting heat pathogens due to summer conditions. In Zhang Zhongjing's works, this is termed "Zhong Ye" (Heatstroke). When working hard in the scorching sun or fields without regard for fatigue, toxic heat damages yin fluids, resulting in symptoms such as headache, irritability, high fever, extreme thirst, profuse sweating, floating pulse, panting, or lack of energy to move. Because this occurs in the summer month due to heat exposure, it is named Yang Summerheat. Treatment should assess the deficiency or excess of qi and the severity of fire, employing either tonification or clearing methods to consolidate qi. This differs significantly from the treatment of Yin Summerheat. If one treats based solely on the name "Summerheat" without distinguishing exterior/interior or yin/yang, it will cause severe harm to patients.
First Point: Yin Summerheat syndromes may manifest in the exterior or the interior. They are common among wealthy and sedentary people, caused by indulging in comfort and failing to guard against wind-cold. Yang Summerheat syndromes are common among laborers, caused by unavoidable exposure to summer heat. When summer heat presses upon people, they fear it and can avoid it, so few contract it. However, when yin-cold invades, it feels pleasant and goes unnoticed, so many contract it. Thus, among those suffering from Summerheat diseases, Yang Summerheat is rare, while Yin Summerheat accounts for eight or nine out of ten. Nowadays, practitioners see symptoms like fever and headache and immediately diagnose it as Summerheat, using only cooling herbs. This demonstrates a profound lack of understanding.
Second Point: The disease named Cold Damage (Shanghan) involves cold pathogens, yet its names vary. The condition named Injury by Summerheat (Shangshu) involves Summerheat pathogens, yet its manifestations vary. Regarding the varying names of Cold Damage: winter cold is called Proper Cold Damage; spring warmth is called Warm Disease; summer heat is called Heat Disease. Thus, Warm Disease and Heat Disease are also aliases of Cold Damage. The Classics state: "If one is injured by cold in winter, one will suffer from Warm Disease in spring." It also states: "For those whose Cold Damage transforms into Warmth, if it occurs before the Summer Solstice, it is Warm Disease; if after the Summer Solstice, it is Heat Disease." This explains the variation. Regarding the varying nature of Injury by Summerheat: contracting cold due to summer leads to cold injuring the form, which is Cold Damage; contracting heat due to summer leads to heat injuring qi, which is Injury by Summerheat. This distinguishes the different types of Summerheat diseases involving internal injury and external contraction. The Classics state: "Excess qi with cold body results from Cold Damage; deficient qi with hot body results from Injury by Summerheat." Excess qi with cold body means the body has contracted cold while qi remains intact, hence Cold Damage. Deficient qi with hot body means the body has exposed itself to summer heat, and heat has damaged qi, hence Injury by Summerheat. Many do not understand this principle, mistakenly believing that Cold Damage always presents with a cold body, which is logically inconsistent and contradicts the Classics.
Third Point: During the peak of summer heat, the body should have slight perspiration; this is the way to preserve health and aligns with the season. If one insists on having no sweat at all, it implies an excess of yin over yang, often leading to disease. The Classics state: "Summerheat should be expelled along with sweat; do not stop it." This indicates that summer sweat should not be suppressed. It also states: "If one does not sweat during summer heat, wind-malaria will develop in autumn." This indicates the pathology of not sweating during summer. Thus, the propriety of sweating in summer is clear.
Fourth Point: The continuation of the discussion on latent yin in summer is found in Volume II, "Chuan Zhong Lu".
Fifth Point: There are eight signs of Summerheat: deficient pulse, spontaneous sweating, body heat, coldness of the back, greasy face, irritability and thirst, slightly cold hands and feet, and heavy body. Treatment should primarily regulate primordial qi, with clearing and draining as secondary measures.
Sixth Point: For those who have died from heatstroke, one must not expose them to cold; exposure to cold will cause death. One should only use warm objects to protect the umbilicus and treat the patient gradually.