辛苦温，无毒。形如枯骨，味苦，色淡黄者良。味咸、色黑勿用。生用理气，煨
熟止泻。
《本经》主邪气，辟毒疫，强志，主淋露。
发明 木香气香味浓，不独沉而下降，盖能理胃以下气滞，乃三焦气分之药。兼入肺、
脾、肝三经，能升降诸气，故上焦气滞 郁宜之者，金郁则泄之也。然虽入肺而肺燥气上者
，良非所宜。其中焦气滞不运宜之者，以脾胃喜芳香也。下焦气滞后重宜之者，塞者通之也
。若治中脘气滞不运，心腹疼痛，以槟榔佐之，使气下则结痛下散矣。《本经》辟疫毒邪气
，强志，主淋露，以其辛燥助阳，善开阴经伏匿之邪。《大明》治心腹一切气，膀胱冷痛，
呕逆反胃，霍乱泻痢，健脾消食安胎。甄权治九种心痛，积年冷气， 癖症块胀痛，壅气上
冲，烦闷，羸劣，女人血气刺痛不可忍。然香燥而偏于阳，肺经有热，血枯而燥，及阴火冲
上者勿服。
甘温，无毒。
发明 甘松芳香升窜，能开脾郁，少加脾胃药中甚醒脾气。主恶气卒心腹痛满，风疳齿
。得白芷、白附子良；香港脚膝肿，煎汤淋洗效。
辛温，无毒。
发明 山柰芳香，入阳明暖胃，辟瘴疠恶气，治心腹冷气痛，寒湿霍乱，风虫牙痛，皆
芳香正气之力也。
辛大温，无毒。煨熟用。子名红豆蔻。
发明 良姜辛热纯阳，上升入足阳明、太阴二经。为客寒所犯，则逆冷霍乱，腹痛诸病
生焉。辛温暖脾胃而逐寒邪，则胃中冷逆自除，霍乱腹痛自愈。甄权治腹内久冷气痛，去风
冷痹弱。《大明》主转筋，泻利反胃，解酒毒，消食。苏颂治恶心呕清水，皆取暖胃温中散
寒之功也。而寒疝小腹掣痛须同茴香用之。产后下焦虚寒，瘀血不行，小腹结痛者加用之。
若胃火作呕，伤暑，霍乱禁用，为其温燥也。红豆蔻辛温，主水泻霍乱，心腹绞痛，止呕
进食，大补命门相火，故正元丹中用之。然能动火伤目致衄，不宜久服。
【木香】
味辛、苦，性温，无毒。外形像枯骨一样，味道苦、颜色淡黄的品质好。味道咸、颜色黑的不要使用。生用能调理气机，煨熟后能止泻。
《神农本草经》主治邪气，辟除毒疫，增强意志，主治淋露（指因虚劳或湿热导致的尿液淋漓不尽等症）。
【发明】
木香气味浓郁，不仅性质沉降而下行，还能调理胃气以消除气滞，是作用于三焦气分的药物。兼入肺、脾、肝三经，能调节全身气的升降，所以上焦气滞郁结适宜使用它，这是遵循“金郁则泄之”的原则。然而虽然入肺经，但对于肺燥气逆的患者，并不适宜。中焦气滞运化失常适宜使用它，因为脾胃喜欢芳香的气味。下焦气滞伴有里急后重适宜使用它，这是遵循“塞者通之”的原则。如果治疗中脘部气滞运化失常，心腹疼痛，配合槟榔使用，使气下行则结聚和疼痛消散。《神农本草经》说它能辟除疫毒邪气，增强意志，主治淋露，是因为它辛温燥烈助阳，善于开通阴经中潜伏隐匿的邪气。《名医别录》说它能治心腹各种气痛，膀胱冷痛，呕吐逆气反胃，霍乱腹泻痢疾，健脾消食安胎。甄权说它能治九种心痛，多年的冷气，癖积肿块胀痛，壅滞之气上冲，烦闷，身体消瘦虚弱，妇女血气刺痛难以忍受。然而木香香燥且偏于阳，肺经有热，血枯而燥，以及阴火冲上的患者不要服用。
【高良姜】
味甘，性温，无毒。
【发明】
甘松气味芳香升散，能开启脾郁，少量加入脾胃药中能很好地醒脾。主治恶气突然引起的心腹疼痛胀满，风疳齿痛。配合白芷、白附子效果良好；脚气病膝部肿胀，煎汤淋洗有效。
【山柰】
味辛，性温，无毒。
【发明】
山柰气味芳香，入阳明经温暖胃腑，辟除瘴疠恶气，治疗心腹冷气痛，寒湿霍乱，风虫牙痛，都是依靠其芳香正气的力量。
【高良姜】
味辛，性大温，无毒。需煨熟后使用。其种子名为红豆蔻。
【发明】
高良姜辛热纯阳，上升入足阳明、足太阴二经。被客寒侵犯，就会产生逆冷霍乱、腹痛等各种疾病。高良姜辛温暖脾胃而驱逐寒邪，则胃中冷逆自然消除，霍乱腹痛自愈。甄权说它能治腹内久年的冷气痛，去除风冷痹弱。《名医别录》说它主治转筋，腹泻痢疾反胃，解酒毒，消食。苏颂说它能治恶心呕吐清水，都是取其暖胃温中散寒的功效。但是治疗寒疝小腹牵引疼痛必须同小茴香一起使用。产后下焦虚寒，瘀血不行，小腹结聚疼痛的要加用它。如果是胃火引起的呕吐，伤暑，霍乱禁用，因为其性温燥。红豆蔻辛温，主治水样腹泻霍乱，心腹绞痛，止呕增进食欲，大补命门相火，所以在正元丹中使用它。然而它能动火伤目导致鼻出血，不宜长期服用。
[Mu Xiang]
Pungent, bitter, warm, non-toxic. Resembling withered bone in shape, those with a bitter taste and pale yellow color are of good quality. Those with a salty taste and black color should not be used. Raw use regulates Qi; baked (stir-fried with bran) use stops diarrhea.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats pathogenic factors, wards off toxic epidemics, strengthens the will, and treats lin loo (a condition characterized by dribbling urine due to deficiency or damp-heat).
[Commentary]
Mu Xiang has a rich aroma and flavor. It is not only sinking and descending but also regulates Stomach Qi to resolve Qi stagnation; it is a herb acting on the Qi aspect of the San Jiao (Triple Burner). It enters the Lung, Spleen, and Liver meridians, regulating the ascending and descending of all Qi. Therefore, it is suitable for Qi stagnation and depression in the Upper Jiao, following the principle "when Metal is stagnant, vent it." However, although it enters the Lung meridian, it is not suitable for patients with Lung dryness and rebellious Qi. It is suitable for Qi stagnation and failure of transportation in the Middle Jiao because the Spleen and Stomach favor aromatic scents. It is suitable for Qi stagnation with tenesmus in the Lower Jiao, following the principle "obstruction requires unblocking." To treat Qi stagnation and failure of transportation at the Zhongwan point (CV12), causing heart and abdominal pain, it can be combined with Bing Lang (Areca Seed); this causes Qi to descend, thereby dispersing the knot and pain. *Shennong Bencao Jing* mentions it wards off epidemic toxic pathogenic factors, strengthens the will, and treats lin loo, because its pungent, warm, and drying nature assists Yang, effectively opening up pathogens hidden within the Yin meridians. *Mingyi Bielu* states it treats all kinds of Qi pain in the heart and abdomen, cold pain in the Bladder, vomiting and regurgitation, cholera-like diarrhea and dysentery, strengthens the Spleen, aids digestion, and calms the fetus. Zhen Quan states it treats nine types of heartache, chronic cold Qi, phlegm masses with distension and pain, obstructed Qi rushing upward, irritability, emaciation, and unbearable stabbing blood-Qi pain in women. However, since it is aromatic, drying, and biased towards Yang, it should not be taken by those with Heat in the Lung meridian, blood dryness, or rising Yin Fire.
[Gao Liang Jiang - Note: The text segment labeled "Gan Wen" actually refers to Gan Song based on context, but strictly translating the provided text structure which lists properties then commentary]:
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Commentary]
Gan Song (Nardostachys Rhizome) has an aromatic and ascending/scattering nature, capable of opening Spleen depression. Adding a small amount to Spleen and Stomach formulas greatly awakens Spleen Qi. It treats sudden heart and abdominal pain and fullness caused by foul odors/pathogens, and wind-related gan (parasitic disease affecting teeth). It works well when combined with Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica Root) and Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata); for jiaogong (foot disease/beriberi) with knee swelling, boiling it into a decoction for washing is effective.
[Shan Nai]
Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Commentary]
Shan Nai (Kaempferia Galanga Rhizome) is aromatic, enters the Yangming meridian to warm the Stomach, wards off miasma and foul odors, and treats cold Qi pain in the heart and abdomen, cold-damp cholera, and wind-worm toothache. These effects are all due to its power of aromatic rectification of Qi.
[Gao Liang Jiang]
Pungent, very warm, non-toxic. Use after baking. The seed is called Hong Dou Kou (Red Cardamom).
[Commentary]
Gao Liang Jiang (Galangal Rhizome) is pungent, hot, and purely Yang, ascending and entering the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Taiyin meridians. When attacked by exogenous cold, conditions such as rebellious cold, cholera, and abdominal pain arise. Its pungent warmth warms the Spleen and Stomach and expels cold pathogens, thereby eliminating cold rebellion in the Stomach and curing cholera and abdominal pain. Zhen Quan states it treats chronic cold Qi pain in the abdomen and removes wind-cold bi-syndrome and weakness. *Mingyi Bielu* states it treats muscle cramps, diarrhea/dysentery with regurgitation, resolves alcohol toxicity, and aids digestion. Su Song states it treats nausea and vomiting of clear water, all attributing these effects to its ability to warm the Stomach, warm the middle, and dispel cold. For cold hernia with pulling pain in the lower abdomen, it must be used together with Hui Xiang (Fennel Fruit). For postpartum deficiency-cold in the lower Jiao with unexpelled blood stasis and knotted pain in the lower abdomen, it should be added. However, it is contraindicated for vomiting due to Stomach Fire, summerheat injury, and cholera, due to its warming and drying nature. Hong Dou Kou (Red Cardamom) is pungent and warm, treating watery diarrhea and cholera, heart and abdominal colic, stopping vomiting, promoting appetite, and strongly tonifying the Mingmen (Gate of Life) ministerial fire; thus, it is used in Zheng Yuan Dan. However, it can stir up fire, damage the eyes, and cause epistaxis, so it should not be taken for long periods.