即巴蕉
甘大寒，无毒。
发明 甘蕉性寒，治天行狂热，解消渴烦闷，利小便。治湿热黄瘅，和酒服疗痈肿，并
以滓涂肿处良。小儿游风卧蕉叶上即愈。治火烫以箸插入，出箸瓶盛，取油涂之。《别录》
治痈疽结热。《肘后》治发背肿毒。《圣惠》治血淋涩痛，苏颂治风痫欲倒，饮之取吐效，
惟阴疽不赤肿者禁用。
即巴蕉之色白者
辛温，有小毒。忌铁。
发明 荷有毒而能攻毒，为主蛊之最。中蛊者服 荷汁并卧叶上，即能呼出蛊主
姓名。其治喉舌疮烂，妇人月闭，及伤寒时气，壮热头痛口疮，用之皆取其辛散也。
苦温，无毒。去根节，汤泡去沫，晒干用。若连根节用，令人汗不绝，其根专能
止汗。
《本经》主中风伤寒，头痛温疟，发表出汗，去邪热气，止咳逆上气，除寒热，破症
坚积聚。
发明 麻黄微苦而温，中空而浮。阳也，升也，入足太阳，其经循背下行，本属寒水而
又受外寒。故宜发汗去皮毛气分寒邪，以泄寒实。若过发则汗多亡阳。或饮食劳倦，及杂病
自汗表虚之证用之，则脱人元气，祸患莫测。麻黄治卫实之药，桂枝治卫虚之药，二物虽为
太阳经药，其实荣卫药也。心主荣血，肺主卫气。故麻黄为手太阴肺经之剂，桂枝为手少阴
心经之剂。伤寒、伤风而咳嗽，用麻黄汤、桂枝汤，即汤液之源也。麻黄乃肺经之专药，故
治肺病多用之。仲景治伤寒，无汗用麻黄汤，有汗用桂枝汤。夫津液为汗，汗即血也，在荣
即为血，在卫即为汗。寒伤营，营血不能外通于卫，卫气闭固，故无汗发热而恶寒。风伤卫
，卫气不能内护于营，营气不固，故有汗，发热而恶风。是证虽属太阳而肺实受邪气，盖皮
毛外闭，邪热内攻，肺气怫郁，故用麻黄、甘草同桂枝引出营分之邪，达之助表，佐以杏仁
泄肺而利气，是麻黄汤虽太阳发汗重剂，实为发散肺经邪郁之药也。腠理不密则津液外泄，
而肺气自虚，虚则补其母，故用桂枝同甘草，外散风邪以救表，内伐肝木以防脾。佐以芍药
泄木而固脾，皆是脾肺之药。是则桂枝虽太阳解肌轻剂，实为理脾救肺之药也。又少阴证发
热脉沉，有麻黄附子细辛汤，少阴与太阳为表里，所谓熟附配麻黄，补中有发也。《本经》
治中风，是主缓风瘫痪而言；云温疟系湿疟，乃传写之误。破症坚积聚者，表里兼治，非神
而明之，难效其法也。
即巴蕉。
味甘，性大寒，无毒。
【发明】甘蕉性寒，能治疗天行（流行性）狂热，消除消渴病引起的烦闷，通利小便。治疗湿热导致的黄疸，与酒同服可治疗痈肿，并将药渣涂抹于肿胀处效果良好。小儿患游风（一种皮肤风疹），躺在芭蕉叶上即可痊愈。治疗火烫伤时，将筷子插入瓶中，取出瓶子盛接流出的芭蕉油涂抹患处。《名医别录》记载其治疗痈疽结热。《肘后备急方》治疗发背肿毒。《太平圣惠方》治疗血淋涩痛，苏颂记载治疗风痫欲倒，饮用后通过催吐取得疗效，唯独阴疽不红不肿者禁用。
即巴蕉中颜色白色的品种。
味辛，性温，有小毒。忌用铁器。
【发明】荷有毒但能攻毒，是治疗蛊毒的主要药物。中蛊的人服用荷汁并躺在荷叶上，就能呼出蛊主的姓名。它治疗喉舌疮烂、妇人月经闭止，以及伤寒时气病中的壮热头痛口疮，使用它都是取其辛散的作用。
味苦，性温，无毒。去除根节，用热水浸泡去除泡沫，晒干后使用。如果连根节一起使用，会导致汗出不止；而其根部专门能止汗。
《神农本草经》主治中风伤寒、头痛温疟，发表出汗，去除邪热气，止咳逆上气，除寒热，破除症坚积聚。
【发明】麻黄味微苦而性温，中空而轻浮。属阳，主升，入足太阳膀胱经，该经脉循行背部下行，本属寒水而又受外寒侵袭。因此适宜发汗以祛除皮毛气分的寒邪，从而宣泄寒实之证。如果发汗过度，则会导致汗多亡阳。如果是饮食劳倦，以及杂病自汗表虚的证候使用麻黄，则会耗损人的元气，祸患难以预测。麻黄是治疗卫气实的药物，桂枝是治疗卫气虚的药物，这两味药虽然属于太阳经药物，实际上是调理营卫的药物。心主荣血，肺主卫气。所以麻黄是手太阴肺经的药物，桂枝是手少阴心经的药物。治疗伤寒、伤风引起的咳嗽，使用麻黄汤、桂枝汤，这就是汤液的源头。麻黄是肺经的专药，所以治疗肺病多用此药。张仲景治疗伤寒，无汗用麻黄汤，有汗用桂枝汤。津液化为汗，汗即是血，在荣分即为血，在卫分即为汗。寒邪伤及营分，营血不能外通于卫分，卫气闭固，所以无汗、发热且恶寒。风邪伤及卫分，卫气不能内护于营分，营气不固，所以有汗、发热且恶风。这些证候虽然属于太阳病，但肺实际上受到了邪气侵袭，因为皮毛外闭，邪热内攻，肺气怫郁，所以用麻黄、甘草配合桂枝引出营分之邪，助表发散，佐以杏仁泄肺利气，这样麻黄汤虽然是太阳经发汗的重剂，实际上是发散肺经邪郁的药物。腠理不致密则津液外泄，导致肺气自虚，虚则补其母（脾土生肺金），所以用桂枝配合甘草，外散风邪以救表，内伐肝木以防脾土受克。佐以芍药泄木气而固护脾土，这些都是调理脾肺的药物。这样看来，桂枝汤虽然是太阳经解肌的轻剂，实际上是调理脾脏、救助肺脏的药物。另外，少阴证发热脉沉，有麻黄附子细辛汤，少阴与太阳互为表里，所谓熟附子配伍麻黄，是在补益中有发散作用。《神农本草经》说治疗中风，是指主治缓风瘫痪而言；说温疟系湿疟，乃是传写之误。破除症坚积聚，是表里兼治，如果不是神明之人，很难效法其用法。
Ji Ba Jiao (Banana).
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Greatly Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
[Invention] Ji Ba Jiao (Banana) has a cold nature. It treats epidemic fever and mania, relieves thirst and restlessness caused by Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome), and promotes urination. It treats jaundice caused by damp-heat; taken with wine, it treats carbuncles and swellings, and applying the dregs to the swollen area is effective. Children suffering from You Feng (Roaming Wind, a type of urticaria) can be cured by lying on banana leaves. For burns, insert chopsticks into a bottle, remove the bottle to collect the juice/oil, and apply it to the injury. *Bie Lu* (Recorded in the Classic of Distinct Records) states it treats heat accumulation in carbuncles and sores. *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang* (Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies) treats swelling and toxicity of the back. *Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang* (Holy Grace Formulas of the Taiping Era) treats painful and difficult blood strangury. Su Song records that drinking it induces vomiting, which is effective for wind epilepsy with a tendency to fall. However, it is strictly contraindicated for Yin Ju (Yin Carbuncles) that are not red or swollen.
That is the white-colored variety of Ji Ba Jiao (Banana).
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Slightly toxic. Avoid iron.
[Invention] He (Lotus) is toxic but can attack toxins, serving as the primary agent for treating Gu Poison (Gu Toxin). Those poisoned by Gu can swallow He juice and lie on lotus leaves, after which they can call out the name of the master of the Gu. It treats ulcers and rotting in the throat and tongue, amenorrhea in women, and high fever, headache, and mouth ulcers associated with Shang Han (Cold Damage) and seasonal epidemics. Its use in these cases relies on its pungent and dispersing properties.
Ku (Bitter). Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Remove roots and nodes, soak in hot water to remove foam, then dry in the sun for use. If used with roots and nodes, it causes incessant sweating; however, the root specifically stops sweating.
*Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states it treats wind-stroke and cold damage, headache, Wen Nue (Warm Malaria), releases the exterior and induces sweating, eliminates pathogenic heat, stops cough and rebellious Qi, removes chills and fever, and breaks up masses and accumulations.
[Invention] Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba) is slightly bitter and warm, hollow and floating. It belongs to Yang and ascends. It enters the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, which runs down along the back. The meridian originally belongs to Cold Water but is subject to external cold. Therefore, it is suitable for inducing sweating to expel cold pathogens from the skin and hair and the Qi level, thereby venting cold excess. If sweating is induced excessively, it leads to excessive sweating and loss of Yang Qi. If used for conditions such as those caused by dietary irregularities and overwork, or spontaneous sweating due to exterior deficiency in miscellaneous diseases, it will deplete the body's Yuan Qi, leading to unpredictable disasters. Ma Huang is a herb for treating Wei (Defensive) excess, while Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is for treating Wei deficiency. Although both are herbs for the Taiyang Meridian, they actually regulate Ying (Nutritive) and Wei. The Heart governs Ying Blood, and the Lung governs Wei Qi. Thus, Ma Huang is an herb for the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, and Gui Zhi is an herb for the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Treating cough due to Shang Han or Shang Feng using Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) and Gui Zhi Tang represents the origin of decoctions. Ma Huang is the specific herb for the Lung Meridian, so it is often used for lung diseases. Zhang Zhongjing treated Shang Han: using Ma Huang Tang for no sweat, and Gui Zhi Tang for sweating. Body fluids transform into sweat; sweat is essentially blood. In the Ying level, it is blood; in the Wei level, it is sweat. When Cold injures the Ying, Ying Blood cannot communicate outwardly with the Wei, causing the Wei Qi to close and secure, resulting in no sweat, fever, and aversion to cold. When Wind injures the Wei, Wei Qi cannot protect inwardly the Ying, causing Ying Qi to be insecure, resulting in sweat, fever, and aversion to wind. Although these syndromes belong to Taiyang, the Lung actually receives the pathogen because the pores are closed externally, and pathogenic heat attacks internally, causing Lung Qi stagnation. Therefore, Ma Huang and Gan Cao (Licorice Root) are combined with Gui Zhi to draw out the pathogen from the Ying level, assist the exterior in releasing it, and Xing Ren (Apricot Seed) is added to drain the Lung and promote Qi flow. Thus, although Ma Huang Tang is a heavy sweating formula for the Taiyang Meridian, it is essentially a formula for dispersing Lung Meridian pathogenic stagnation. If the Cou Li (pores/cuticle) are not dense, body fluids leak outward, causing Lung Qi to become deficient. Deficiency requires tonifying the mother (Earth generates Metal); therefore, Gui Zhi is combined with Gan Cao to disperse wind pathogens externally to rescue the exterior, and internally to subdue Liver Wood to prevent it from attacking Spleen Earth. Shaoyao (Peony Root) is added to drain Wood and secure the Spleen. These are all herbs for the Spleen and Lung. Thus, although Gui Zhi Tang is a light muscle-relieving formula for the Taiyang Meridian, it is essentially a formula for regulating the Spleen and rescuing the Lung. Additionally, for Shaoyin syndrome with fever and deep pulse, there is Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Asarum Decoction). Shaoyin and Taiyang are interior-exterior partners. This is known as pairing prepared Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) with Ma Huang, where tonification includes dispersion. *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* mentions treating wind-stroke, referring to treating flaccid paralysis due to slow wind; stating that Wen Nue is damp malaria is a transcription error. Breaking up masses and accumulations involves treating both interior and exterior. Without divine clarity, it is difficult to apply this method effectively.