叶名剪草
辛凉，无毒。
发明 白药子辛凉解毒。故能治金疮出血太多发热。用以凉血清热则痛自止，肌自生。
又主喉中热塞不通，时常痛肿，醋煎细呷。治诸骨鲠，在上即吐出，在下即便出。解野葛、
生金、巴豆药毒；又治马脾肺热病。
苦辛温，小毒。
发明 威灵仙性善下走，通十二经，故能宣通五脏，治胃脘积痛，脚胫痹湿痛风之要药
。消水破坚积，朝食暮效。辛能散邪，故主诸风。温能泄水，故主诸湿。而痘疹毒壅于上，
不能下达，腰下胫膝起灌迟者，用为下引立效。其性利下，病壮实者，诚有殊效。气虚者服
之必虚泻而成痼疾，以其耗血走气也。血虚而痛，不因风湿者勿服。
《素问》名 茹，又名茹 ，俗名血见愁
苦辛微温，无毒。
《本经》主寒湿风痹，黄瘅，补中。
发明 茜根色赤而性温，味苦而带辛，色赤入营，性温行滞，味辛入肝，手足厥阴血分
药也。《本经》又以治寒湿风痹黄瘅者，是湿热之邪痹着营分，用以清理邪湿则脾胃健运，
寒湿风痹无所留着而黄瘅自除矣。其治女子经水不通甚效。详《素问》四乌 一 茹丸，治
妇人脱血、血枯。《千金翼》治内崩下血，皆取以散经中瘀积也。病患虽见血证，若泄泻饮
食不进者勿服。
辛苦寒，有毒。
《本经》主风寒温疟，热气诸病，除邪，利大小便。
发明 防己辛寒纯阴，主下焦血分之病，性劣不纯，善走下行，长于除湿，以辛能走散
。兼之气悍，故主风寒温疟，热气诸病，除邪，利大小便，此《千金》主治也。《别录》疗
水肿，膀胱热；通腠理，利九窍，皆除湿之功也。弘景曰，防己是疗风水要药。汉防己是根
，入膀胱去身半以下湿热。木防己是苗，走阳 ，治中风挛急风痹湿热。《金匮》防己黄
汤，防己地黄汤、木防己汤、五物防己汤，皆治痰饮湿热之要药。而《千金》治遗尿、小便
涩，有三物木防己汤。水肿亦有三物木防己汤，总取其通行经脉之力也。能泻血中湿热，通
经络中滞塞。壮健之类用之，不得其宜，下喉令人心烦、饮食减少。至于去湿热肿痛，下注
香港脚，膀胱积热，诚通行十二经之仙药也。如饮食劳倦，阴虚内热，以防己泄大便则重亡其
血，其不可用一也。大渴引饮，及久病津液不行，上焦湿热等证，防己乃下焦血药，其不可
用二也。外感邪传肺经，气分湿热而小便黄赤，此上焦气病，其不可用三也。大抵上焦湿热
皆不可用，即下焦湿热又当审其二便不通利者，方可用之。
【叶名剪草】
辛，凉，无毒。
发明：白药子味辛性凉，能解毒。因此可以治疗金创出血过多导致的发热。用它来凉血清热，疼痛自然停止，肌肉自然生长。
又主治喉中热塞不通，时常肿痛，用醋煎煮细细含咽。治疗各种骨刺卡喉，卡在上面的就吐出来，卡在下面的就排出来。解除野葛、生金、巴豆的药物毒性；又治疗马的脾肺热病。
【威灵仙】
苦，辛，温，小毒。
发明：威灵仙性质善于下行，通行十二经脉，因此能宣通五脏，是治疗胃脘积痛、脚胫痹湿痛风的重要药物。它能消除水肿，破除坚硬积聚，早上服用晚上见效。辛味能疏散邪气，所以主治各种风证。温性能泄水，所以主治各种湿证。而痘疹毒邪壅滞在上部，不能下达，导致腰部以下小腿膝盖肿胀迟缓的情况，用它作为引经药立刻见效。它的性质利下，对于体质壮实的人，确实有特殊的疗效。气虚的人服用它必然会导致虚泻而成顽固疾病，因为它会耗伤血液、运行气机。血虚且疼痛，不是由风湿引起的不要服用。
《素问》中称为“茹”，又名“茹”，俗名“血见愁”。
苦，辛，微温，无毒。
《神农本草经》主治寒湿风痹，黄疸，补益中气。
发明：茜草根色赤而性温，味苦而带辛，色赤入营分，性温行滞，味辛入肝，是手足厥阴经血分的药物。《神农本草经》又说它能治疗寒湿风痹黄疸，这是因为湿热邪气痹阻在营分，用它来清理邪湿则脾胃健运，寒湿风痹无处停留而黄疸自然消除。它治疗女子月经不通非常有效。详细参看《素问》中的四乌鲗骨一茹丸，治疗妇人脱血、血枯。《千金翼方》治疗内崩下血，都是取它来消散经络中的瘀积。病人虽然有出血症状，但如果伴有腹泻、饮食不进者不要服用。
【防己】
辛，苦，寒，有毒。
《神农本草经》主治风寒温疟，热气诸病，祛除邪气，通利大小便。
发明：防己辛寒纯阴，主治下焦血分的疾病，性质劣而不纯，善于走下行，长于除湿，因为辛味能走散。兼之气悍烈，所以主治风寒温疟，热气诸病，祛除邪气，通利大小便，这是《千金方》的主治功效。《名医别录》治疗水肿，膀胱热；通达腠理，通利九窍，都是除湿的功效。陶弘景说，防己是治疗风水的重要药物。汉防己是根，入膀胱经，去除身体一半以下的湿热。木防己是苗，走阳分，治疗中风挛急、风痹湿热。《金匮要略》中的防己黄芪汤、防己地黄汤、木防己汤、五物防己汤，都是治疗痰饮湿热的重要药物。而《千金方》治疗遗尿、小便涩，有三物木防己汤。水肿也有三物木防己汤，总体是取其通行经脉的力量。能泻除血中的湿热，疏通经络中的滞塞。体壮健康的人使用它，如果不得当，入口会让人心烦、饮食减少。至于去除湿热肿痛，下注形成的香港脚（足踝肿痛），膀胱积热，确实是通行十二经脉的仙药。如果是饮食劳倦，阴虚内热，用防己泄大便则会严重亡失其血，这是不可用的第一种情况。大渴引饮，以及久病津液不行，上焦湿热等证候，防己乃是下焦血分药，这是不可用的第二种情况。外感邪气传入肺经，气分湿热而小便黄赤，这是上焦气分病，这是不可用的第三种情况。大体上上焦湿热都不可用，即使是下焦湿热也应当审视其二便不通利的情况，才可以服用。
[Ye Ming Jian Cao]
Pungent, cool, non-toxic.
Invention: Baiyaozi is pungent and cool, capable of resolving toxicity. Therefore, it can treat fever caused by excessive bleeding from traumatic wounds. Used to cool blood and clear heat, pain will naturally cease, and muscle tissue will naturally regenerate.
It also primarily treats heat obstruction in the throat causing blockage, frequent swelling and pain; decoct with vinegar and sip slowly. It treats various bone splinters lodged in the throat; if lodged above, they are vomited out; if lodged below, they are passed out. It resolves the toxicity of wild gecko (Yege), raw gold (Shengjin), and croton seed (Badou); it also treats heat diseases of the horse's spleen and lungs.
[Weilingxian]
Bitter, pungent, warm, slightly toxic.
Invention: Weilingxian has a nature that favors descending, penetrating the twelve meridians, thus able to disseminate and unblock the five zang organs. It is a key herb for treating epigastric accumulation pain, bi-syndrome with dampness in the lower legs, and gout. It reduces water retention and breaks down hard accumulations, showing effect from morning to evening. Pungency disperses pathogens, hence it treats various wind syndromes. Warmth drains water, hence it treats various dampness syndromes. When varicella-rubeola toxins are congested superiorly and cannot descend, causing swelling and sluggishness below the waist, calves, and knees, using it as a guiding agent yields immediate results. Its nature is draining and descending; for patients with robust constitution, it indeed has remarkable effects. For those with qi deficiency, taking it will inevitably cause deficiency diarrhea leading to chronic disease, as it consumes blood and moves qi. Do not take it for blood deficiency pain not caused by wind-dampness.
Known as "Ru" in *Suwen*, also named "Ru", commonly known as "Xue Jian Chou".
Bitter, pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats cold-damp wind-bi, jaundice, and tonifies the middle jiao.
Invention: Qiancao root is red in color and warm in nature, bitter in taste with a hint of pungency. Red enters the Ying (Nutrient) level; warm nature moves stagnation; pungency enters the Liver channel. It is an herb for the Blood aspect of the Foot-Shaoyin and Hand-Jueyin channels. *Shennong Bencao Jing* further states it treats cold-damp wind-bi and jaundice; this implies that when damp-heat pathogens obstruct the Ying level, using it to clear pathogenic dampness strengthens Spleen and Stomach transportation, leaving no place for cold-damp wind-bi to linger, thus jaundice resolves spontaneously. It is very effective in treating amenorrhea in women. Refer to *Suwen* for Si Wuie Gu Yi Ru Wan, which treats uterine hemorrhage and blood exhaustion in women. *Qianjin Yifang* treats internal rupture with lower bleeding, all utilizing it to dissipate stasis within the collaterals. Patients presenting with blood disorders should not take it if accompanied by diarrhea and inability to eat.
[Fangji]
Pungent, bitter, cold, toxic.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats wind-cold warm-malaria, various heat-related diseases, expels pathogens, and promotes urination and defecation.
Invention: Fangji is pungent, cold, and purely yin, primarily treating diseases of the Blood aspect in the Lower Jiao. Its nature is inferior and impure, favoring downward movement, excelling at draining dampness because pungency allows for dispersion. Combined with its fierce qi, it treats wind-cold warm-malaria and various heat diseases, expelling pathogens and promoting urination and defecation, which is the indication in *Qianjin Fang*. *Bielu* treats edema and Bladder heat; opens interstices, promotes the orifices, all due to its damp-draining efficacy. Hongjing stated that Fangji is a key herb for treating Fengshui (Wind-Water edema). Hanfangji is the root, entering the Bladder meridian to remove damp-heat below half of the body. Mufangji is the sprout, moving through Yang aspects, treating stroke-induced spasms, wind-bi, and damp-heat. In *Jingui Yaolue*, Fangji Huangqi Tang, Fangji Dihuang Tang, Mufangji Tang, and Wuwu Fangji Tang are all key herbs for treating phlegm-fluids and damp-heat. Meanwhile, *Qianjin Fang* uses Sanwu Mufangji Tang for enuresis and dysuria. There is also Sanwu Mufangji Tang for edema, generally utilizing its power to unblock meridians. It can purge damp-heat from the blood and unblock stagnation in the meridians. If used improperly in robust individuals, it may cause irritability and reduced appetite upon ingestion. However, regarding removing damp-heat swelling and pain, specifically podagra (Hongjiaojiao) caused by downward pouring, and Bladder accumulated heat, it is indeed a miraculous herb for circulating the twelve meridians. Case 1 of contraindication: For cases of dietary/labor fatigue with yin deficiency and internal heat, using Fangji to induce bowel movements will severely deplete blood. Case 2 of contraindication: For excessive thirst with drinking, prolonged illness with failure of fluid circulation, or Upper Jiao damp-heat, Fangji is a Lower Jiao Blood herb and should not be used. Case 3 of contraindication: When external pathogens transmit to the Lung meridian, causing Qi-level damp-heat with yellow-red urine, this is a Qi-level disease of the Upper Jiao and should not be treated with Fangji. Generally, Upper Jiao damp-heat is unsuitable for use. Even for Lower Jiao damp-heat, one must examine whether urination and defecation are obstructed before using it.