甘平无毒。白花者补脾肺，赤花者名山丹，散瘀血药用之。
《本经》主邪气腹胀心痛，利大小便，补中益气。
发明 百合能补土清金，止咳利小便，仲景百合病兼地黄用之，取其能消瘀血也。《本
经》主邪气腹胀心痛，亦是散积蓄之邪，今世所昧也。其曰利大小便者，性专降泄耳。其曰
补中益气者，邪热去而脾胃安矣。然性专降泄，中气虚寒、二便滑泄者忌之。红花者活血，
治妇人崩中。其蕊敷疔肿恶疮，按中吴纪闻云，百合乃蚯蚓所化，此洵有之。余亲见包山土
罅中有变化未全者，大略野生百合，蚓化有之。其清热解毒，散积消瘀，乃蚓之本性耳。
一名落苏
甘寒小毒。
发明 茄性寒利，多食腹痛下利，女人能伤子宫发动痼疾，秋后多食损目。老裂者烧灰
治乳裂。根治冻疮皱裂，煮汤渍之良。其白茄根入风湿药，浸酒服，其白茄蒂蘸硫黄末擦白
癜风。紫茄蒂蘸硫黄末擦紫癜风，取其散风毒瘀血也。《丹方》治脑疽初起，用茄蒂烧灰存
性酒服，未溃即消。又方用茄蒂中骨七枚，生何首乌一两煎服，连进三服即愈。
即细颈葫芦
苦寒，有毒。
《本经》治大水，面目四肢浮肿，下水，令人吐。
发明 瓠有甜苦二种。甜者虽言无毒，亦不利人。扁鹊云，患脚虚胀者不得食之，患永
不瘥。苦者尤伤胃气，不可轻试。凡苦寒药皆能伐胃，不独瓠也。《本经》治大水浮肿，又
云下水，令人吐，大伤中气。今人治黄瘅水气，大小便不通。或浸火酒饭上蒸，或实糖霜
存性，必暴病实证庶可劫之。若久病胃虚误服，必致吐利不止，往往致毙，可不慎欤。其子
煎汁或酒浸，治鼻窒气塞，少少滴入。又目疾 肉血翳药中亦有用者，取苦寒以降火也。长
柄胡芦烧灰存性，腋下瘿瘤研末擦之，以愈为度。
百合：味甘，性平，无毒。白花百合能补益脾肺，红花百合被称为山丹，具有散瘀血的功效，药用时多用此。
《神农本草经》记载百合主治邪气引起的腹胀、心痛，通利大小便，补中益气。
发明（药理阐发）：百合能够补益脾土（脾胃）、清肃肺金（肺脏），止咳并通利小便。张仲景在治疗百合病时兼用生地黄，是取其能消除瘀血的作用。《本经》所说的主治邪气腹胀心痛，也是指消散积聚的邪气，这是当今世人所不明白的。文中说它能通利大小便，是因为其药性专门主降泄。文中说它能补中益气，是因为邪热去除后脾胃得以安宁。然而因其药性专于降泄，所以中气虚寒、二便滑泄者忌用。红花百合能活血，治疗妇女崩漏。其花蕊外敷可治疗疔疮恶肿。据《吴纪闻》记载，百合是由蚯蚓变化而成的，这确实是有道理的。我亲眼见过包山土壤缝隙中有尚未完全变化成的百合，大体上野生的百合，确实有由蚯蚓化生的情况。百合的清热解毒、散积消瘀功效，其实是蚯蚓的本性所致。
茄子：又名落苏。味甘，性寒，有小毒。
发明：茄子性寒且滑利，多吃会导致腹痛和下利，女性食用会损伤子宫并诱发陈旧性疾病，秋季多吃会损害视力。老裂开的茄子烧成灰，可治疗乳头皲裂。茄根治疗冻疮引起的皮肤皱裂，煮汤浸泡效果良好。白茄根可用于风湿类药物中，浸酒服用；白茄蒂蘸硫黄末擦拭可治疗白癜风。紫茄蒂蘸硫黄末擦拭可治疗紫癜风，是取其疏散风毒和瘀血的作用。《丹方》记载治疗脑疽初起，用茄蒂烧灰存性，用酒送服，未溃破即可消退。另一方用茄蒂中间的骨七枚，配合生何首乌一两煎服，连续服用三剂即可痊愈。
葫芦：即细颈葫芦。味苦，性寒，有毒。
《神农本草经》记载其主治水肿严重导致的面目四肢浮肿，能利水下行，但会引起呕吐。
发明：葫芦有甜、苦两种。甜的虽然说是无毒，但也对人体不利。扁鹊说，患有脚部虚胀的人不能吃它，否则病情永远无法痊愈。苦的更伤胃气，不可轻易尝试。凡是苦寒的药物都能损伤胃气，不仅仅是葫芦如此。《本经》记载其治疗大水浮肿，又说能利水下行并引起呕吐，这会严重损伤中气。现在人用它治疗黄疸和水气病，导致大小便不通。有的将其浸入火酒中在饭上蒸熟，有的将糖霜与葫芦一起煅烧存性，必须用于暴病实证才能勉强劫夺病邪。如果是久病胃虚之人误服，必然导致呕吐腹泻不止，往往致死，能不谨慎吗？其种子煎汁或酒浸，治疗鼻塞气塞，少量滴入鼻腔。另外在治疗眼疾的肉翳、血翳的药物中也有使用，是取其苦寒以降火的作用。长柄葫芦烧灰存性，研成粉末擦拭腋下的瘿瘤，以治愈为度。
Lily Bulb: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. The white-flowered variety tonifies the Spleen and Lung; the red-flowered variety is known as Shandan (Mountain Lily), used to dissipate blood stasis in medicinal applications.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats abdominal distension and heart pain caused by pathogenic factors, promotes urination and defecation, and tonifies the middle and replenishes Qi.
Invention (Pharmacological Elaboration): Lily bulb can tonify Earth (Spleen/Stomach) and clear Metal (Lung), stop coughing, and promote urination. Zhang Zhongjing used it concurrently with Rehmannia Root (*Sheng Dihuang*) for Baihe Bing (Lily Disease), taking advantage of its ability to eliminate blood stasis. The statement in the *Bencao Jing* regarding treating abdominal distension and heart pain due to pathogenic factors refers to dissipating accumulated pathogens, a point misunderstood by modern practitioners. Its ability to promote urination and defecation stems from its specific descending and purgative nature. Its claim to tonify the middle and replenish Qi arises because the Spleen and Stomach are pacified once pathogenic heat is removed. However, due to its specific descending and purgative nature, it is contraindicated for those with deficient-cold of the Middle Qi and loose stools or frequent urination. Red-flowered lilies invigorate blood and treat metrorrhagia in women. Its stamens applied externally treat carbuncles and malignant sores. According to *Wu Ji Wen*, lilies are transformed from earthworms, which is indeed plausible. I have personally seen lilies in various stages of transformation in soil crevices at Baoshan. Generally, wild lilies do originate from earthworm transformation. The lily's effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, dissipating accumulation, and resolving stasis are essentially the inherent nature of the earthworm.
Eggplant: Also known as Lusu. Sweet, cold, slightly toxic.
Invention: Eggplant is cold and slippery; excessive consumption causes abdominal pain and diarrhea. For women, it can damage the Uterus and trigger chronic diseases. Excessive consumption in autumn damages the eyes. Burnt ash from old, split eggplants treats nipple fissures. Eggplant roots treated with decoction soak effectively for frostbite-induced skin cracking. White eggplant roots are used in rheumatism formulas, taken as wine infusion; white eggplant calyxes dipped in sulfur powder treat vitiligo. Purple eggplant calyxes dipped in sulfur powder treat purpura, leveraging their ability to disperse wind-toxin and blood stasis. The *Dan Fang* records using burnt eggplant calyxes (preserving properties) taken with wine to treat early-stage brain carbuncles, causing them to resolve before ulceration. Another prescription uses seven pieces of bone from the eggplant calyx combined with one tael of raw Polygonum multiflorum (*He Shou Wu*), decocted and taken; three doses lead to recovery.
Bottle Gourd: Specifically the long-necked gourd. Bitter, cold, toxic.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats severe edema with swelling of the face, eyes, and limbs, promotes water drainage, but induces vomiting.
Invention: Gourds come in sweet and bitter varieties. Although the sweet variety is said to be non-toxic, it is not beneficial. Bian Que stated that those suffering from lower limb edema should not consume it, as the condition will never resolve. The bitter variety particularly damages Stomach Qi and should not be tried lightly. All bitter-cold herbs can attack the Stomach, not just gourds. The *Bencao Jing* mentions treating severe edema and promoting water drainage via vomiting, which severely damages Middle Qi. Currently, it is used to treat jaundice and fluid retention with urinary and fecal obstruction. It may be steamed over rice after soaking in fiery wine, or processed with sugar frosting while preserving its properties. It can only be forcibly used to subdue pathogenic factors in acute excess syndromes. If mistakenly taken by patients with chronic illness and deficient Stomach Qi, it will inevitably cause incessant vomiting and diarrhea, often leading to death. Can one not be cautious? Its seeds, decocted into juice or soaked in wine, treat nasal congestion when dripped in small amounts. It is also used in medicines for eye conditions involving fleshy or bloody pterygium, utilizing its bitter-cold nature to descend fire. Ash from long-necked gourds, preserved by burning, is ground into powder and applied to axillary goiter/lumps until healed.