一名 ，即鼠莽，本作茧字，此物有毒，食之令人迷罔故名。山人以之毒鼠，
渔人以之毒鱼，与醉鱼草总一类
辛温，有毒。
《本经》主头风痈肿疝瘕，除结气疥瘙，杀虫鱼。
发明 莽草大毒，善杀鱼鼠，其性可知。《本经》治疝瘕结气，荡涤在内之宿积也。疗
痈肿头风，搜逐在外之邪毒也。但性最猛烈，服之令人瞑眩。《千金方》每与茵芋同为搜风
涤恶之峻剂。近世罕能用之。惟毒鱼之外，仅以浴顽痹湿风及煎嗽虫牙，然沐时勿令入眼，
中其毒者，惟草紫河车磨水服之可解，黑豆煮汁服之亦解。以豆汁浇莽根则烂，物类之相制
如此。至于茵芋人所未识，毋怪近世医术之卑也。
苦辛温，有毒。生泰山川谷。春生苗，高三四尺，茎赤，叶似石榴而短浓，又似
石南。四月开细白花，五月结实。今彭城、海盐、杭州、雍州、绛州、华州皆有，四月采叶
，七月采茎，阴干用之。
《本经》主五脏邪气，心腹寒热，羸瘦如疟状，发作有时，诸关节风湿痹痛。
发明 茵芋大毒，世亦罕用。《本经》虽有治羸瘦如疟状一语，皆是五脏有邪气，心腹
寒热所致，非能疗虚羸寒热也。其治关节风湿痹痛，是其正治。时珍曰，《千金》《外台》
诸方治风痫有茵芋丸，治风痹有茵芋酒，治妇人产后中风有茵芋膏，风湿诸方多用之。茵芋
、石南、莽草皆古人治风妙品，近世罕知。
【背景信息】
书名：本经逢原 作者：张璐 朝代：清 章节：莽草 / 茵芋 类别：综合
【待处理原文】
莽草，又名“䕬”（音同“迷”），即鼠莽。古字写作“茧”，这种植物有毒，食用后使人神志迷乱恍惚，因此得名。山民用它来毒杀老鼠，渔民用它来毒杀鱼，它与醉鱼草属于同一类。
性味辛、温，有毒。
《神农本草经》记载其主治头风病、痈肿、疝气及腹内结块（疝瘕），能消除体内郁结之气，治疗疥疮瘙痒，并能杀虫、毒鱼。
发明（药理分析）：莽草毒性极大，善于毒杀鱼和鼠，其药性之猛烈由此可见。《神农本草经》用于治疗疝气和腹内结块郁结之气，是起到荡涤体内陈旧积滞的作用；治疗痈肿和头风，是起到搜逐体表邪毒的作用。但是它的性质最为猛烈，服用后会让人产生头晕目眩等剧烈反应（瞑眩）。《千金方》中常将莽草与茵芋配合使用，作为搜剔风邪、涤除恶浊的峻猛药剂。近代很少有人能使用它。除了用来毒鱼之外，仅用于洗浴顽固性痹症、湿邪和风邪，或者煎煮后漱口治疗龋齿引起的牙痛。但在沐浴时不要让药液进入眼睛。如果中毒，只有用紫河车（人胎盘）研磨成水服用可以解毒，黑豆煮汁服用也能解毒。用豆汁浇灌莽草根茎，根茎就会腐烂，这是物类之间相互制约的道理。至于茵芋，世人大多不认识，难怪近世的医术水平低下。
茵芋，性味苦、辛、温，有毒。生长在泰山的山谷中。春天生长出苗，高三四尺，茎呈红色，叶子像石榴叶但更短且浓密，又有点像石南叶。四月开细小的白花，五月结果实。现在彭城、海盐、杭州、雍州、绛州、华州等地都有出产，四月采集叶片，七月采集茎干，阴干后使用。
《神农本草经》记载其主治五脏邪气，心腹部的寒热症状，身体消瘦如同疟疾发作的样子，发作有定时，以及各个关节的风湿痹痛。
发明（药理分析）：茵芋毒性很大，世间也很少使用。《神农本草经》虽然提到治疗身体消瘦如疟疾状的症状，但这都是由于五脏有邪气、心腹部寒热所致，并非茵芋能治疗虚损性的寒热消瘦。它治疗关节风湿痹痛，才是它的正治功效。李时珍说，《千金方》和《外台秘要》中的许多方剂治疗风痫证有用茵芋丸的，治疗风痹证有用茵芋酒的，治疗妇人产后中风有用茵芋膏的，治疗风湿的方剂中多用茵芋。茵芋、石南、莽草都是古人治疗风病的妙品，近代很少有人知晓。
Background Information:
Book: Benjing Fengyuan (Supplement to the Divine Farmer's Materia Medica)
Author: Zhang Lu
Dynasty: Qing Dynasty
Chapter: Mangcao (Dichroa Root/Herb) / Yinyu (Epimedium/Barrenwort related herb)
Category: Comprehensive
Mangcao, also known as "Bao" (pronounced like 'mi'), is the same as Shumang (Rat Poison Herb). The ancient character for it was written as "Jian". This plant is toxic; ingesting it causes mental confusion and dizziness, hence its name. Mountain dwellers use it to poison rats, and fishermen use it to poison fish. It belongs to the same category as Zuiyucao (Cocculus trilobus fruit/Manchineel-like plants).
Nature and Flavor: Acrid, Warm, Toxic.
*Shennong Benjing* records that it treats Toufeng (Head Wind disease), abscesses and swelling, hernia, and abdominal masses (Shanjia - hernia and abdominal growths). It resolves stagnant Qi, treats scabies and itching, kills parasites, and poisons fish.
Invention (Pharmacological Analysis): Mangcao has great toxicity and is effective in killing fish and rats, which reveals its potent nature. *Shennong Benjing* uses it for hernia and stagnant Qi in abdominal masses to purge old accumulations within the body. For treating abscesses and head wind, it searches out and expels external pathogenic toxins. However, its nature is extremely fierce; taking it induces a state of severe dizziness or vertigo (Mingxuan - a reaction indicating the expulsion of pathogens). In *Qianjin Fang*, Mangcao is often combined with Yinyu as a harsh agent to search out wind and purge evil. In modern times, few can utilize it. Apart from poisoning fish, it is only used for bathing stubborn bi-syndrome (painful obstruction), dampness, and wind, or decocted for gargling to treat toothache caused by caries. During bathing, care must be taken not to let the liquid enter the eyes. If poisoned, grinding Ziheche (Human Placenta) into water and drinking it can detoxify; drinking decoction made from Black Bean also works. Pouring bean juice onto the roots of Mangcao causes them to rot, demonstrating the mutual restriction between species. As for Yinyu, most people do not recognize it, no wonder the medical skills of recent generations are inferior.
Yinyu, Nature and Flavor: Bitter, Acrid, Warm, Toxic. Grows in the valleys of Mount Tai. Sprouts in spring, growing three to four chi high. The stem is red. The leaves resemble those of pomegranate but are shorter and denser, and also somewhat similar to Shinan (Pyrrosia leaf). Small white flowers bloom in April, and fruits set in May. It is currently found in Pengcheng, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Yongzhou, Jiangzhou, and Huazhou. Leaves are harvested in April, stems in July, dried in shade for use.
*Shennong Benjing* records that it treats evil Qi in the five zang organs, cold and heat in the heart and abdomen, emaciation resembling malaria with regular paroxysms, and painful obstruction (Bi syndrome) due to wind-dampness in various joints.
Invention (Pharmacological Analysis): Yinyu is highly toxic and rarely used in the world. Although *Shennong Benjing* mentions treating emaciation resembling malaria, this is caused by evil Qi in the five zang organs and cold-heat in the heart and abdomen; it does not mean Yinyu treats deficiency-type emaciation and cold-heat. Its treatment of joint pain from wind-damp Bi syndrome is its primary indication. Li Shizhen stated that in *Qianjin Fang* and *Waitai Mi Yao*, formulas such as Yinyu Wan treat Fengxian (Wind Epilepsy), Yinyu Jiu treats Fengbi (Wind Bi), and Yinyu Gao treats postpartum stroke in women. Many wind-damp formulas make frequent use of Yinyu. Yinyu, Shinan, and Mangcao were all excellent herbs for treating wind diseases in ancient times, but they are rarely known in modern times.