甘冷滑，无毒。
发明 凡菜蔬皆能疏利肠胃，而菠 冷滑尤甚，多食令人脚弱发腰痛动冷气，与 鱼同
食发霍乱，取汁炼霜制砒、汞，伏雌黄、硫黄毒。
甘平无毒。
发明 蕹菜干柔如蔓而中空，以之横地节节生根，南方之奇蔬也。专解野葛毒，生捣服
之尤良。捣汁和酒服治难产，取汁滴野葛苗当时萎死，其相畏如此。
甘温无毒。
发明 茼蒿气浊，能助相火。禹锡言，多食动风，气熏人心，令人气满。《千金》言安
心气，养脾胃，消痰饮，利肠胃者，是指素禀火衰而言，若肾气本旺，不无助火之患。
荠菜
辛微温，无毒。
《本经》明目治目痛泪出，除痹，补五脏，益精光。
发明 菥 即荠之大而有毛者，与荠之性不甚相远。其子专于明目，《千金》治目暗去
翳方用之，亦治目中 肉，捣筛为末，夜夜点之，久久其膜自落。甄权以荠治青盲不见物，
补五脏不足，二荠之性总不出《本经》主治也。
甘冷利，无毒。
《本经》主青盲明目，除邪，利大小便，去寒热。
发明 时珍曰∶苋子去青盲白翳，与青葙同类异种，故其治目之功仿佛。《圣惠》以苋
子治大小便不利，无外乎《本经》主治也。
酸寒无毒。恭曰辛温，即苋之赤色者。
发明 马齿苋功专散血消肿，故能治血瘤及多年恶疮，捣敷不过两三遍即愈。解马汗射
工毒，涂之瘥。烧灰和梳垢封疔肿，先炙后封之，其根即出。不可同鳖食，令成鳖瘕。
【菠菜】
味甘，性冷而滑，无毒。
发明：凡是蔬菜都能疏通利导肠胃，而菠菜的寒凉滑利之性尤为显著，多吃会导致腿部无力、引发腰痛并扰动体内的冷气；与鱼肉同食会引发霍乱；取其汁液炼制霜剂可以抑制砒霜和水银的毒性，并能伏制雌黄和硫黄的毒气。
【蕹菜】
味甘，性平，无毒。
发明：蕹菜质地干柔如同藤蔓且中间空心，将其横放在地面上，节节都能生根，这是南方的奇特蔬菜。专门能解野葛的毒，生捣后服用效果最好。捣碎取汁并与酒混合服用可治疗难产；取其汁液滴在野葛苗上，野葛苗当时就会枯萎死亡，它们之间的相互制约关系就是这样。
【茼蒿】
味甘，性温，无毒。
发明：茼蒿气味浊重，能够助长相火。禹锡说，多吃会动风，其热气熏蒸人心，使人感到气机壅满。《千金方》中说它能安心气、养脾胃、消痰饮、利肠胃，这是针对素来禀赋火衰（阳气不足）的人而言的；如果肾气本来旺盛，食用它反而会有助火致病隐患。
【荠菜】
味辛，微温，无毒。
《神农本草经》记载：明目，治疗眼痛流泪，祛除痹症，补益五脏，增进视力精光。
发明：菥蓂就是荠菜中个头大且有毛的那种，其药性与荠菜不相上下。它的种子专门用于明目，《千金方》治疗目暗去翳的方剂中使用它，也用于治疗眼中息肉，将其捣碎筛成粉末，每晚点入眼中，久而久之那层膜自然会脱落。甄权认为荠菜能治疗青盲（视物不清）、不见物体，补益五脏不足，这两类荠菜的药性总括起来都不超出《本经》的主治范围。
【苋菜】
味甘，性冷而利，无毒。
《神农本草经》记载：主治青盲明目，祛除邪气，通利大小便，去除寒热症状。
发明：李时珍说：苋子能去除青盲和白翳，与青葙子同类但不同种，所以它们治疗眼疾的功效相似。《太平圣惠方》用苋子治疗大小便不通利，这也没有超出《本经》的主治范围。
【马齿苋】
味酸，性寒，无毒。苏恭说是辛温，指的是苋菜中赤色的一种（此处原文可能有误或指代特定品种，按原文翻译）。
发明：马齿苋的功效专门在于散血消肿，所以能治疗血瘤及多年的恶疮，捣烂外敷不过两三次就能痊愈。能解除马汗射工毒，涂抹即可治愈。烧成灰后混合梳垢封贴疔肿，先炙烤后封贴，根须就会出来。不可与鳖肉同食，否则会形成鳖瘕（腹部结块）。
[Spinach]
Sweet, cold, and slippery in nature; non-toxic.
Invention: All vegetables can unblock and promote the movement of the intestines and stomach, but spinach is particularly cold and slippery. Excessive consumption leads to weakness in the legs, induces lower back pain, and stirs up internal cold qi. Consuming it with fish causes Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome). Its juice, when refined into frost, can suppress the toxicity of arsenic trioxide (Pifei) and mercury. It can also neutralize the toxicity of realgar (Cihuang) and sulfur.
[Pondweed / Water Spinach]
Sweet, neutral in nature; non-toxic.
Invention: Pondweed is dry and tender like vines, hollow in the center, and takes root at every node when laid horizontally on the ground. It is a unique vegetable of the southern regions. It specifically detoxifies Wild Kadsura (Yege). Crushing it fresh and taking it orally is especially effective. Crushed juice mixed with wine treats difficult labor. Dripping its juice onto Wild Kadsura seedlings causes them to wither immediately, demonstrating such mutual inhibition between them.
[Crown Daisy]
Sweet, warm in nature; non-toxic.
Invention: Crown Daisy has a turbid odor and can assist Ministerial Fire (Xianghuo). Yuxi stated that excessive consumption stirs wind; its warming vapor affects the heart, causing a sensation of fullness of qi. The *Qianjin Fang* states it calms the heart qi, nourishes the spleen and stomach, resolves phlegm-fluids, and benefits the intestines and stomach; this refers to individuals with inherent deficiency of fire (yang deficiency). If kidney qi is naturally robust, consuming it may lead to adverse effects of assisting fire.
[Shepherd's Purse]
Acrid, slightly warm in nature; non-toxic.
*Shennong Bencao Jing*: Brightens the eyes, treats eye pain and tearing, removes bi-syndrome, tonifies the five zang organs, and enhances visual clarity.
Invention: Xiying is the larger, hairy variety of Shepherd's Purse, with properties not significantly different from common Shepherd's Purse. Its seeds are specifically used for brightening the eyes. The *Qianjin Fang* uses them in formulas for dim vision and removing nebulae. It also treats fleshy growths in the eyes; crushed and sifted into powder, applied nightly to the eyes, the membrane will eventually fall off over time. Zhenquan claimed Shepherd's Purse treats Qingmang (blindness due to organ deficiency) and inability to see objects, tonifying deficiencies of the five zang organs. The properties of both types of Shepherd's Purse generally do not exceed the indications in the *Bencao Jing*.
[Amaranth]
Sweet, cold, and purgative in nature; non-toxic.
*Shennong Bencao Jing*: Primarily treats Qingmang to brighten the eyes, removes pathogenic factors, promotes urination and defecation, and eliminates chills and fever.
Invention: Li Shizhen stated: Amaranth seeds remove Qingmang and white nebulae. They belong to the same category as Celosia seeds but are different species, hence their efficacy in treating eye diseases is similar. The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* uses Amaranth seeds to treat difficulty in urination and defecation, which falls within the scope of the *Bencao Jing*'s indications.
[Purslane]
Sour, cold in nature; non-toxic. Su Gong described it as acrid and warm, referring to the red variety of Amaranth.
Invention: Purslane's function is specifically to dissipate blood stasis and reduce swelling, thus treating hemangiomas and chronic malignant sores. Applying crushed paste externally heals them in two or three applications. It resolves toxins from horse sweat and "She Gong" (a mythical toxic creature/poison), curing upon application. Burned to ash and mixed with comb grease to seal carbuncles; after moxibustion and sealing, the root emerges. It must not be consumed with turtle meat, as it causes Biejia (abdominal masses resembling turtles).