（本经下品）
【气味】辛温，有大毒。
【主治】主大风寒，湿痹，历节痛，拘挛缓急，破积聚邪气，金疮，强筋骨，轻身，健
行。
【核】曰∶不生附侧，经年独长而大者，天雄也。生成已具附子条内。修事如附子法。
远志
先人云∶合名与形，当属阳中之阳，只能助长，不能化育，命门之用药也。
【 】曰∶天以体言，雄以用言，不杂于阴柔，不惑于邪乱者也。一名白幕，幕者，军
旅行舍，喻天行健，自强不息之象也。主轻身健行，望见其雄武矣。若大风、寒湿痹证，及
积聚邪气金疮，嫌于无阳者，乃得行险而不失其正。
（本经下品）
【气味】辛平，有毒。
【主治】主伤寒寒热，心下坚，胸胀，咳逆，头眩，咽喉肿痛，肠鸣，下气，止汗。
【核】曰∶出槐里川谷，槐里属扶风。今青州、齐州、吴中、渐中亦有之，生丘泽田野
间。二月发苗，一茎，或三茎，高八九寸，茎端叶三，浅绿色。夏至半夏生，连缀茎下也。
形似羊眼，圆白者为胜。江南一种大径寸，南人特重之，乃繇跋，误作半夏也。又一种绝似
半夏，但咬着微酸者，名白傍 子，并不入药用。修事，每半夏四两，用白芥子末三两，以
酽醋先调芥子末，次将半夏投入洗之，诞尽为度，否则令人气逆怒满也。射干为之使。恶皂
荚。畏雄黄、生姜、干姜、秦皮、龟甲、乌头。
【 】曰∶月令半夏生，盖当夏之半也。天地相遇，品物咸章之时矣。以纯干决尽，至
而一阴见，故主阴阳开阖之半，关键之枢，如半欲开，半欲阖，半欲开阖者，莫不从令，
训释主治，先人详悉题药矣。
（从半欲开处居多，如伤寒寒热头眩；少阳之枢半欲开也，咽喉肿痛；少阴之枢半欲开
也，心下坚胸满咳逆；身形之半欲开也，肠鸣亦身形之半欲开半欲阖也；下气及汗出，此则
身形之中欲阖，外欲阖也。）
（《神农本草经》列为下品）
【气味】味辛，性温，有大毒。
【主治】主治大风寒证，湿痹，历节痛，筋脉拘挛或弛缓急迫，破除积聚及邪气，治疗金疮，强壮筋骨，使身体轻健，增强行走能力。
【考证】曰：不生长在附子旁边，经过多年独自生长且体积较大的，是天雄。其生成情况已在附子条内详细说明。炮制方法同附子。
远志
先人说：结合名称与形态，远志应当属于阳中之阳，只能助长生机，不能化育万物，是命门用药。
【释义】曰：“天”指本体，“雄”指功用，不混杂于阴柔，不被邪乱所迷惑。又名白幕。“幕”指军队行军时的宿营地，比喻天道运行刚健，自强不息的景象。主治身体轻健、行走有力，看到它的“雄武”特性就知道了。如果是大风、寒湿痹证，以及积聚邪气和金疮，这些病症多嫌阳气不足，此时天雄能行险而不失正道。
（《神农本草经》列为下品）
【气味】味辛，性平，有毒。
【主治】主治伤寒引起的寒热往来，心下痞硬，胸胁胀满，咳嗽气逆，头晕目眩，咽喉肿痛，肠鸣，降气，止汗。
【考证】曰：出产于槐里川谷，槐里属于扶风郡。现在青州、齐州、吴中、渐中等地也有出产，生长在丘陵、沼泽和田野之间。二月发芽，一根茎，或者三根茎，高八九寸，茎端有三片叶子，呈浅绿色。夏至时节半夏生长，是指连缀在茎的下部。形状像羊眼，圆白色的品质较好。江南有一种直径一寸的大半夏，南方人特别重视它，那是“繇跋”，被误作半夏了。又有一种极像半夏的，但咬起来微酸的，名叫“白傍子”，都不入药使用。炮制时，每用半夏四两，用白芥子末三两，先用浓醋调匀芥子末，然后将半夏投入其中清洗，直到洗尽为止，否则会导致人气逆、胸闷发怒。以射干为使药。畏皂荚。害怕雄黄、生姜、干姜、秦皮、龟甲、乌头。
【释义】曰：《月令》说“半夏生”，大概是因为正值夏季的一半。这是天地阴阳相交，万物显著繁茂的时候。以纯阳决断殆尽，至此时一阴初现，所以主治阴阳开阖之半，是关键枢纽。就像半欲开、半欲阖、半欲开阖的状态，没有不服从号令的。解释主治功效，先人已详细标注药物作用。
（大多从“半欲开”的角度理解，如伤寒寒热、头晕；少阳之枢半欲开，故治咽喉肿痛；少阴之枢半欲开，故治心下坚、胸满、咳逆；身形之半欲开，肠鸣也是身形之半欲开半欲阖；降气及出汗，这则是身形之中欲阖，外部欲阖。）
(Ben Cao Jing, Lower Grade)
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, warm, highly toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats severe wind-cold, damp-bi syndrome, joint pain (Li-jie), tendon spasms or flaccidity/tightness, breaks up accumulations and pathogenic factors, treats metal wounds, strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body, and enhances walking ability.
[Verification] It is stated: Tianxiong (Heavenly Male Root) does not grow beside Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root); it grows alone for many years and becomes large. Its formation details are already described in the Fuzi section. Processing methods follow those for Fuzi.
Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix)
My ancestors said: Combining its name and morphology, it belongs to Yang within Yang. It can only assist growth but cannot generate/nourish; it is a medicine for the Gate of Vitality (Mingmen).
[Interpretation] "Tian" (Heaven) refers to substance/body, while "Xiong" (Male/Masculine) refers to function/action. It does not mix with Yin-softness nor is confused by chaotic pathogens. Another name is Baimu (White Curtain). "Mu" refers to military encampments, symbolizing the image of Heaven's movement being vigorous and self-improving without cease. Treating the lightening of the body and enhanced walking reflects its masculine vigor. For conditions like severe wind-cold, damp-bi syndromes, accumulations, pathogenic factors, and metal wounds—where there is a suspicion of Yang deficiency—it can navigate danger without losing its correctness/uprightness.
(Ben Cao Jing, Lower Grade)
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, neutral, toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats chills and fever from Cold Damage (Shanghan), hardness below the heart, chest distension, cough and rebellious Qi, dizziness, sore throat, borborygmus, directs Qi downward, and stops sweating.
[Verification] It is stated: It originates from Chuangu Valley in Huai-li, which belongs to Feng-feng Commandery. Currently, it is also found in Qing-zhou, Qi-zhou, Wu-zhong, and Jian-zhong, growing among hills, marshes, and fields. In the second lunar month, sprouts appear, with one stem or three stems, eight to nine cun high. At the tip of the stem are three leaves, pale green. Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) emerges at Summer Solstice, referring to its position linked along the lower part of the stem. The shape resembles a sheep's eye; round and white ones are superior. In Jiang-nan, there is a variety with a diameter of one cun, highly valued by Southerners, which is actually Youba (likely a different plant), mistakenly identified as Banxia. Another variety looks very similar to Banxia but tastes slightly sour when chewed, named Baibangzi, neither of which is used medicinally. For processing, for every four liang of Banxia, use three liang of powder from Sinapis Semen (Baijiezi). First, dilute the vinegar to mix with the Baijiezi powder, then immerse the Banxia to wash until clean. Otherwise, it causes rebellious Qi and chest fullness/anger. Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma) serves as an assistant. It opposes Zaojia (Gleditsiae Spina). It fears Xionghuang (Realgar), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Qinpi (Fraxini Cortex), Guijia (Testudinis et Chelydrae Carapax et Plastrum), and Wutou (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata).
[Interpretation] The Monthly Ordinances state "Banxia emerges," implying it occurs at the midpoint of summer. This is the time when Heaven and Earth meet, and all things become manifest. When pure Yang resolves completely, and one Yin appears, it governs half of the opening and closing of Yin and Yang, acting as a pivotal mechanism. Like states of half-opening, half-closing, or half-opening-and-closing, nothing disobeys the command. Explaining the indications, my ancestors detailed the medicinal actions thoroughly.
(Most interpretations focus on the "half-opening" aspect, such as chills/fever and dizziness from Cold Damage; Shaoyang pivot half-opening treats sore throat; Shaoyin pivot half-opening treats hardness below the heart, chest fullness, and cough/rebellious Qi; the body's half-opening relates to borborygmus, which is also half-opening/half-closing of the body form; directing Qi downward and stopping sweat relate to the body's interior wanting to close and the exterior wanting to close.)