（别录中品）
【气味】甘寒，无毒。
【主治】腹内结聚，破溃脓血，最为肠胃脾内壅要药。
【核】曰∶瓜子，甜瓜子也。生成备甜瓜蒂核。
【 】曰∶茎蔓乐延，稍壅辄溃，附本之瓜反小，近末之瓜转大，吮吸地液，性颇贪
野狼，虽夏火主时，无妨水大含遍者也。即一粒子，具瓜全体。仲景先生用治肠痈脓未成者，
吮吸殆尽。隐居别录推展腹内结聚，破之溃之，结解聚散。故曰∶最为脾胃壅滞要药也。
（别录中品）
【气味】辛平，无毒。
【主治】明目，补中，除风伤。
【核】曰∶恶实，一名鼠粘，一名大力，一名牛蒡，一名蝙蝠刺。处处有之。三月生苗，
高三四尺，叶如芋而长。四月开花作丛，淡紫色。实如枫 而小，萼上细刺，百十攒簇，
一作子数十粒，色黑褐，好着人衣也。
【 】曰∶恶音乌，非遏也。礼器云∶晋人将有事于河，必先有事于恶池。说文云∶恶
池沤夷，并州川也。实者充满，缘彼充满，独远实也。一名大力、牛蒡者以此。先人博议云∶
此秉风大动摇之用，故抽水土之力独胜。味辛气平，为风木乃制为用矣。则凡病从风生，或
因风寒薄郁乃成痤者，取之捷如影响。设属形层之外与上部者，功力尤胜。又云∶此以承制
之品，宣助肝木，便无太过之失，厥受和平之益矣。
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。
【主治】腹内结聚，破除溃烂之脓血，是治疗肠胃脾脏内部壅滞的关键药物。
【核】说∶瓜子，即甜瓜子。其生成具备甜瓜蒂和瓜核的特征。
【颂】说∶茎蔓乐于延伸，稍有壅滞便会溃散，靠近根部的瓜反而小，靠近末端的瓜反而大，吸取地下的液体，性质颇为贪婪。野狼虽在夏季火气主令之时，也不妨碍大水包含遍洒的情况。即使是一粒种子，也具备整颗瓜的全部形态。张仲景先生用它治疗肠痈脓液尚未形成的情况，将其吮吸殆尽。陶隐居在《名医别录》中推展其功效，用于消除腹内结聚，破除并溃散它们，使结解除、聚消散。所以说∶它是脾胃壅滞的关键药物。
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【气味】味辛，性平，无毒。
【主治】明目，补益中气，祛除风邪损伤。
【核】说∶恶实，又名鼠粘子，又名大力子，又名牛蒡，又名蝙蝠刺。到处都有生长。三月生苗，高三四尺，叶子像芋头但更长。四月开花成丛，淡紫色。果实像枫树果实但较小，萼片上有细刺，百十个聚集簇拥，一个果实里有数十粒种子，颜色黑褐色，喜欢附着在人的衣服上。
【颂】说∶“恶”读作乌，不是遏止的意思。《礼器》说∶晋国人将要祭祀黄河，必须先祭祀恶池。《说文解字》说∶恶池即沤夷，是并州的河流。果实充满，因为那里充满，唯独远离充实。这就是它又名大力、牛蒡的原因。先人广泛议论说∶此物秉受大风大动摇的功用，所以抽取水土的力量特别强盛。味道辛，气性平，属于风木之气从而发挥其作用。那么凡是因风产生的疾病，或因风寒薄郁而形成的痤疮，取用此药见效极快，如同影随形、响随声。如果病位在形体层之外或上部，功效尤其显著。又说∶此物作为承制之品，宣发辅助肝木，便没有太过分的过失，承受和平的好处了。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Mingyi Bielu*)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Accumulations within the abdomen; breaking down and draining pus and blood; it is a crucial herb for treating internal stagnation in the intestines, stomach, and spleen.
[Nucleus] Says: "Guazi" refers to sweet melon seeds. Its formation possesses the characteristics of both the sweet melon pedicel and the melon seed.
[Song] Says: The stems and vines delight in extending; when slightly obstructed, they tend to rupture. Melons near the root are smaller, while those near the tip are larger. They absorb fluids from the earth, exhibiting a rather greedy nature. Although wild wolves exist during the season governed by summer fire, this does not hinder the abundance of water covering everything. Even a single seed contains the entirety of the melon's form. Mr. Zhang Zhongjing used it to treat intestinal abscesses where pus had not yet formed, sucking it up completely. Tao Hongjing expanded upon its effects in *Mingyi Bielu*, promoting the resolution of abdominal accumulations, breaking them down and dispersing them, so that knots untie and clusters scatter. Therefore, it is said to be a crucial herb for spleen and stomach stagnation.
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Mingyi Bielu*)
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Brightens the eyes, tonifies the middle jiao, dispels wind injuries.
[Nucleus] Says: "Eshi" (Arctii Fructus) is also known as Shuniu (Mouse Bur), Dali (Great Strength), Niubang (Cow Thistle), and Bifuci (Bat Thorn). It grows everywhere. Seedlings emerge in the third lunar month, growing three or four chi high, with leaves resembling taro but longer. Flowers bloom in clusters in the fourth lunar month, pale purple. The fruits resemble maple samaras but are smaller, with fine thorns on the calyx, gathered in clusters of dozens or hundreds. Each fruit contains dozens of seeds, blackish-brown in color, which readily adhere to people's clothing.
[Song] Says: "E" is pronounced "wu," meaning not "to obstruct." The *Book of Rites* states: "When the people of Jin were about to perform sacrifices to the Yellow River, they first performed sacrifices to Echi." The *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Echi" is also called Ouyi, a river in Bingzhou. The fruit is full/plump; because of that fullness, it stands apart from emptiness. This is why it is also called Dali and Niubang. Ancestors discussed extensively: This herb embodies the function of great wind and great shaking, thus possessing superior power in extracting the forces of water and earth. With a pungent flavor and neutral qi, it acts according to the Wood element associated with Wind. Therefore, for any disease arising from wind, or acne formed by mild constraint due to wind-cold, using this herb yields results as swift as shadow following form or echo responding to sound. If the pathology is located outside the physical layers or in the upper body, its efficacy is particularly superior. It is further stated: As an herb of subjugating control, it disseminates and assists Liver Wood, preventing excess errors, thereby receiving the benefits of harmony and peace.