（宋开宝）
智者心有所知，知必有言，岂不知岁耶。
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主遗精虚漏，小便余沥，益气、安神，补不足，利三焦，调诸气。夜多小便者，
取二十四枚，碎，入盐同煎服，有奇验。
【核】曰∶出昆仑国，及交址，今岭南州郡，往往有之。顾微广州记云∶叶似 荷，长
丈余；根上有小枝，高七八寸；无花萼；另作叶如竹箭，子从心出。一枝有十子丛生，大如
小枣。核黑皮白，核小者佳，含之能摄涎秽；或四破去核，取外皮蜜煮为粽，味极辛美。晋
卢循遗刘裕益智粽，即此是矣。嵇康草木状云∶益智子，二月连花着实，五六月方熟，子如
笔头，两头尖，长七八分，杂五味中，饮酒芬芳，亦可盐曝，及作粽食。顾微言无华者误矣。
今
【 】曰∶苏长公益智子记，言海南产益智，花实皆长穗，而分为三节。观其上中下节，
以候早中晚禾之丰凶。大丰则皆实，大凶皆不实，罕有三节并熟者。其为药只治水，而无益
于智，其得此名，岂其知岁耶？频湖备录其记，嫌其终近穿凿耳。盖不知五脏有七神，脾土
舍其两，曰意与智。意者，脾土之体；智者，脾土之用。益智子，益脾智之土用，因名益智
耳。顾茎发中央，缀子十粒，具土体之位育，土用之成数，昭然可征矣。尚书曰∶土爰稼穑。
缘土以生物为用，而爰生稼穑。最得土气之真，即拈以征土体之肥瘠淳暴，寒暖优劣之为性
也。是知益智，既益土用之智，应与上中晚禾，互为丰凶者以此。其为药以治水，亦有故焉
。盖水体润湿，水用动流，所赖挟持，不致泛滥者，维土体用，用作堤防。堤防疏泄，则为
漏为沥，为遗为滑，甚则为崩为溃，为泛为滥矣。味辛气温，功齐火热者，脾以阳为用也。
于是上中下焦，亦得藉之以验丰凶。此非益于智，奚得此名。岂唯知岁，毋嫌穿凿。
（宋开宝年间记载）
聪明的人心里有所知晓，知晓了必然会有言语表达，难道不知道岁时节令吗？
【气味】辛味、温性，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗遗精、虚损滑泄，小便淋漓不尽；能益气、安神，补益不足，通利三焦，调理各种气机。夜间小便频多者，取二十四枚，捣碎，加盐同煎服用，有奇特的疗效。
【核】曰：产于昆仑国及交址（今越南北部），如今岭南各州郡，到处都有。顾微在《广州记》中说：叶子像荷叶，长达一丈多；根上有小枝，高七八寸；没有花萼；另外长出像竹箭一样的叶子，果实从中心生出。一枝上丛生十个果实，大小像小枣。果皮黑色，果肉白色，果核小的为好，含在嘴里能收敛唾液；或者将其劈成四瓣去掉果核，取外皮用蜂蜜煮成粽子，味道非常辛辣美味。晋朝卢循送给刘裕“益智粽”，就是这种果子。嵇康在《草木状》中说：益智子二月开花结实，五六月才成熟，果实像笔头，两头尖，长七八分，放在五味子中一起饮酒，香气芬芳，也可以用盐腌制晒干，或者做成粽子吃。顾微说它没有花是错误的。
现在【 】曰：苏长公（苏轼）写了一篇关于益智子的记述，说海南出产益智，花和果实都是长长的穗状，并且分为三节。观察它的上、中、下三节，用来预测早、中、晚稻的丰收或歉收。大丰收时三节都结实，大歉收时三节都不结实，很少有这三节同时成熟的。它作为药物只用于治水病，而对“智”没有帮助，它得到这个名字，难道是因为它知道岁时节令吗？李时珍（号濒湖）详细记录了这篇记述，认为它最终有些牵强附会。大概是因为不知道五脏各有七神，脾土容纳其中两个，叫做“意”和“智”。意，是脾土的形体；智，是脾土的功能。益智子，是补益脾土功能的，因此得名益智。看它的茎从中央发出，缀着十粒果实，具备了土体生长化育的位置和土功能完成的数目，这是明显可以验证的。《尚书》说：“土适宜种植和收获。”因为土以生化万物为功能，所以适宜种植庄稼。它最得土气的真谛，即使拿它来征验土体的肥沃与贫瘠、淳厚与暴烈、寒冷与温暖的性质。由此可知，益智之所以能补益土功能的智慧，应该与早、中、晚稻互为丰歉的原因就在这里。它作为药物用于治疗水湿病，也是有原因的。水的特性是滋润湿润，水的功能是流动，所依赖的是土的挟持，才不会泛滥。如果堤防疏漏，就会变成漏泄、淋漓、遗精、滑脱，严重时就会变成崩漏、溃决、泛滥。药味辛、气温，功效如同火热，这是因为脾以阳作为功能。于是上、中、下三焦，也借此来验证丰歉。这难道不是对“智”有益吗？怎么会得到这个名字呢？岂止是知道岁时节令，不要嫌弃它牵强附会。
(Recorded in the Kaibao era of Song Dynasty)
A wise person has knowledge in their heart; having knowledge, there must be speech. How could they not know the seasons?
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats seminal emission, deficiency-type leakage, and dribbling after urination; benefits Qi, calms the Spirit (Shen), tonifies insufficiency, promotes the free flow of the Triple Burner (San Jiao), and regulates various Qi mechanisms. For those with frequent nocturia, take twenty-four fruits, crush them, decoct with salt, and ingest; this yields remarkable results.
[Analysis] Says: It originates from Kunlun Kingdom and Jiaozhi (modern northern Vietnam). Currently, it is found everywhere in the prefectures and commanderies of Lingnan. Gu Wei stated in *Guangzhou Ji*: The leaves resemble lotus leaves, over a zhang long; small branches grow above the roots, seven or eight cun high; there are no sepals; separate leaves resembling bamboo arrows emerge, and the fruit sprouts from the center. Ten fruits cluster on one branch, as large as small dates. The skin is black, the flesh white; smaller seeds are superior. When held in the mouth, it can retain saliva. Alternatively, split into four parts, remove the seed, boil the outer skin with honey to make zongzi (sticky rice dumplings); the flavor is extremely pungent and delicious. In the Jin Dynasty, Lu Xun presented Liu Yu with "Yizhi Zongzi," which refers to this fruit. Ji Kang stated in *Caomu Zhuang*: Yizhi Zi flowers and bears fruit in the second lunar month, ripening in the fifth and sixth months. The fruit resembles a pen tip, pointed at both ends, seven or eight fen long. Mixed with Wuwei Zi (Schisandra Chinensis Fruit), it makes wine fragrant. It can also be dried with salt or eaten as zongzi. Gu Wei's claim that it has no flowers was incorrect.
Now [ ] says: Su Changgong (Su Shi) wrote an account regarding Yizhi Zi, stating that Hainan produces Yizhi, where both flowers and fruits are long spikes divided into three sections. By observing its upper, middle, and lower sections, one can predict the abundance or scarcity of early, mid, and late rice crops. In times of great abundance, all sections bear fruit; in times of great scarcity, none bear fruit; it is rare for all three sections to ripen simultaneously. As a medicinal substance, it only treats water-related disorders and does not benefit "Zhi" (Wisdom/Intellect). How did it get this name? Is it because it knows the seasons? Li Shizhen (Hao Binhu) recorded this account in detail, suspecting it to be overly forced and speculative. This is likely due to ignorance of the fact that the Five Viscera each house Seven Spirits. Spleen Earth houses two of them, named "Yi" (Thought/Intent) and "Zhi" (Wisdom/Intellect). Yi is the substance/form of Spleen Earth; Zhi is the function/activity of Spleen Earth. Yizhi Zi benefits the functional activity of Spleen Earth, hence the name Yizhi (Benefiting Wisdom). Observing that its stem emerges from the center and bears ten fruits, it embodies the positional growth of Earth's substance and the numerical completion of Earth's function, which is clearly verifiable. The *Book of Documents* states: "Earth is suited for sowing and harvesting." Because Earth uses the generation of living things as its function, it is suited for cultivating crops. It possesses the true essence of Earth's Qi. Even using it to test the fertility or barrenness, purity or coarseness, coldness or warmth of Earth's nature reveals its properties. Thus, we know that Yizhi, by benefiting the wisdom of Earth's function, corresponds to the fluctuation between abundance and scarcity of early, mid, and late rice for this very reason. Its use as a medicine to treat water disorders also has a cause. Water's nature is moistening and damp; Water's function is flowing. What prevents it from flooding is the holding power of Earth, acting as a dike. If the dike leaks, it becomes dribbling, leakage, emission, or slipping; severely, it becomes bursting, collapsing, overflowing, or inundating. The flavor is pungent and the nature warm, with efficacy akin to fire and heat, because Spleen utilizes Yang as its function. Consequently, the Upper, Middle, and Lower Burners also rely on it to verify abundance or scarcity. Is this not beneficial to Zhi? How else would it receive this name? It is not merely about knowing the seasons; do not dismiss it as forced speculation.